scholarly journals A Agenda Verde Internacional e seus Impactos no Brasil

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
Antonio Teixeira de Barros
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Policy ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Environmental Risks ◽  
Multilateral Negotiations ◽  
External Pressures ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Present Context ◽  
Stockholm Conference

Analisa os impactos da globalização da agenda verde na política ambiental brasileira, com base em uma periodização da agenda nacional, desde as primeiras iniciativas oficiais direcionadas para a conservação da natureza até o contexto atual. São identificados os seguintes aspectos como os mais expressivos dessa agenda: conservacionismo; ecopacifismo; debate sobre riscos ambientais; negociações multilaterais antes e depois da Conferência de Estocolmo (1972); e as políticas voltadas para a sustentabilidade e a redução de gases de efeito-estufa após a Rio 92.  O estudo é realizado com base nas técnicas de pesquisa documental e metanálise, ou seja, no exame de documentos oficiais e de bibliografia especializada sobre o tema. Conclui que a política ambiental brasileira se desenvolveu de forma tardia em relação às demais políticas setoriais e em função das pressões externas dos países desenvolvidos e dos organismos multilaterais, como a ONU.Palavras-chave: Política internacional e ambiente. Política ambiental brasileira. Política e ecologia. Política e legislação ambiental.RESUMEN:En este artículo se analiza el impacto de la globalización de la agenda verde en la política ambiental brasileña, sobre la base de una línea de tiempo de la agenda nacional, ya que las primeras iniciativas oficiales dirigidas a la conservación de la naturaleza para el contexto actual. Las siguientes como las más importantes de esta agenda se identifican: conservacionismo; ecopacifismo; análisis de riesgos ambientales; negociaciones multilaterales antes y después de la Conferencia de Estocolmo (1972); y las políticas dirigidas a la sostenibilidad y la reducción de gases de efecto invernadero después de Río 92. El estudio se llevó a cabo sobre la base de las técnicas de investigación documental y meta-análisis, es decir, el examen de los documentos oficiales y de la literatura profesional sobre el tema . Llega a la conclusión de que la política ambiental brasileña se desarrolló tardíamente en comparación con otras políticas sectoriales y sobre la base de las presiones externas de los países desarrollados y las organizaciones multilaterales como la ONU.Palabras-clave: la política internacional y el medio ambiente. La política ambiental brasileña. La política y la ecología. Política y legislación ambiental.ABSTRACT: This paper analyzes the impacts of globalization on the green Brazilian agenda, based on a periodization of the national agenda since the first official initiatives to the present context. Identifies the following as the most significant aspects of this agenda: conservatism; ecopacifism; debate on environmental risks; multilateral negotiations before and after the Stockholm Conference (1972), and policies aimed at sustainability and the reduction of greenhouse gases after Rio 92. The study is based on the techniques of documentary research and meta-analysis. Concludes that the Brazilian environmental policy was developed so late compared to other sectoral policies and in function of external pressures from developed countries and multilateral organizations such as the UN.Keywords: International politics and the environment. Brazilian environmental policy. Politics and ecology. Environmental policy and legislation.

scholarly journals The Economic Valuation of Carbon Footprint

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 120-129
Author(s):  
Larysa An. Nekrasenko ◽  
Olha V. Prokopenko
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Environmental Policy ◽  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Transition Economies ◽  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Economic Valuation ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The State

Abstract Currently, Greenhouse Gas Emissions are the main reason of the global warming threat. Carbon sequestration by the forests plays the important role in reducing CO2 emissions. Therefore, the environmental policy of the state to reduce greenhouse gases should first of all focus on the development of forestry. But at the same time the environmental policy depends on the tax policy of the state and is significantly different in developed countries and in countries with transition economies.

scholarly journals The effect of rTMS in the management of pain associated with CRPS

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 363-370
Author(s):  
Min Cheol Chang ◽  
Sang Gyu Kwak ◽  
Donghwi Park
Keyword(s):  
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Pain Syndrome ◽  
Treatment Session ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Analgesic Effects ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Before And After

AbstractBackgroundTherapeutic management of pain in patients with complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is challenging. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has analgesic effects on several types of pain. However, its effect on CRPS has not been elucidated clearly. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis of the available clinical studies on rTMS treatment in patients with CRPS.Materials and methodsA comprehensive literature search was conducted using the PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and SCOPUS databases. We included studies published up to February 09, 2020, that fulfilled our inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data regarding measurement of pain using the visual analog scale before and after rTMS treatment were collected to perform the meta-analysis. The meta-analysis was performed using Comprehensive Meta-analysis Version 2.ResultsA total of three studies (one randomized controlled trial and two prospective observational studies) involving 41 patients were included in this meta-analysis. No significant reduction in pain was observed immediately after one rTMS treatment session or immediately after the entire schedule of rTMS treatment sessions (5 or 10 sessions; P > 0.05). However, pain significantly reduced 1 week after the entire schedule of rTMS sessions (P < 0.001).ConclusionrTMS appears to have a functional analgesic effect in patients with CRPS.

scholarly journals Is Brief Exposure to Green Space in School the Best Option to Improve Attention in Children?

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (14) ◽  
pp. 7484
Author(s):  
Asier Anabitarte ◽  
Gonzalo García-Baquero ◽  
Ainara Andiarena ◽  
Nerea Lertxundi ◽  
Nerea Urbieta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
School Children ◽  
Green Space ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Statistical Design ◽  
Green Spaces ◽  
Attention Network Test ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Gender Biases ◽  
Before And After

The positive effects of Green Spaces on health are thought to be achieved through the mechanisms of mitigation, instoration and restoration. One of the benefits of Green Spaces may be the restoration of attention and so the objective of this research is testing empirically whether exposure to a green environment improves attention in school children. For so doing, we first used a split-unit statistical design in each of four schools, then combined the primary results via meta-analysis. The Attention Network Test (ANT) was used to measure attention before and after exposure and a total of 167 seven-year-old students participated in the experiments. Overall, our experimental results do not support the hypothesis that students’ exposure to activities in green vs. grey spaces affected their performance in ANT. This was so despite the fact that neither age nor gender biases have been detected and despite that our experiments have been proved to be sufficiently statistically powerful. It would be advisable to consider air pollution and noise. We also recommend that participants attend the experiment with mental exhaustion to maximize the ability to detect significant changes.

scholarly journals How effective are electronic medication systems in reducing medication error rates and associated harm among hospital inpatients? A systematic review and meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter J Gates ◽  
Rae-Anne Hardie ◽  
Magdalena Z Raban ◽  
Ling Li ◽  
Johanna I Westbrook
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Medication Error ◽  
Medication Errors ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Error Rates ◽  
Prescribing Error ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Actual Harm ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
Wide Scale

Abstract Objective To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess: 1) changes in medication error rates and associated patient harm following electronic medication system (EMS) implementation; and 2) evidence of system-related medication errors facilitated by the use of an EMS. Materials and Methods We searched Medline, Scopus, Embase, and CINAHL for studies published between January 2005 and March 2019, comparing medication errors rates with or without assessments of related harm (actual or potential) before and after EMS implementation. EMS was defined as a computer-based system enabling the prescribing, supply, and/or administration of medicines. Study quality was assessed. Results There was substantial heterogeneity in outcomes of the 18 included studies. Only 2 were strong quality. Meta-analysis of 5 studies reporting change in actual harm post-EMS showed no reduced risk (RR: 1.22, 95% CI: 0.18–8.38, P = .8) and meta-analysis of 3 studies reporting change in administration errors found a significant reduction in error rates (RR: 0.77, 95% CI: 0.72–0.83, P = .004). Of 10 studies of prescribing error rates, 9 reported a reduction but variable denominators precluded meta-analysis. Twelve studies provided specific examples of system-related medication errors; 5 quantified their occurrence. Discussion and Conclusion Despite the wide-scale adoption of EMS in hospitals around the world, the quality of evidence about their effectiveness in medication error and associated harm reduction is variable. Some confidence can be placed in the ability of systems to reduce prescribing error rates. However, much is still unknown about mechanisms which may be most effective in improving medication safety and design features which facilitate new error risks.

scholarly journals 19 Colectomy Rate for Moderate to Severe Ulcerative Colitis with Biologics

2021 ◽  
Vol 108 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
J W H Koh ◽  
C H Ng ◽  
M H Lee ◽  
Y H Chin ◽  
Z H Ong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Current Literature ◽  
Biologic Therapy ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Severe Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Arcsine Transformation ◽  
One Year

Abstract Introduction Biologics are recommended by both the ACG and ECCO community for the treatment of ulcerative colitis. Yet, current literature has yet to estimate the rate of colectomies after biologic therapy, and thus a pooled meta-analysis was conducted the rate of colectomies in 1month, 6 months, 1 year, 2years and five years after biologics. Method Medline and Embase were searched for articles examining biologics use in moderate to severe UC or acute severe UC (ASUC) from inception to 21st May 2020. Analysis of proportions were undertaken after a freeman-tukey double arcsine transformation. Results The pooled overall colectomy rates of ASUC and moderate to severe UC were 9% (CI: 4% - 14%) at one month, 18% (CI: 13% - 25%) at six months, 21% (CI:16% - 27%) at one year, 29% (CI:24% - 34%) at two years and 38% (CI:30% - 45%) at five years. Additionally, colectomy rates were consistently lower comparing between articles before and after 2010. At one-year, overall colectomy rate following infliximab use was at 25%, golimumab at 15%, vedolizumab at 14%, and adalimumab at 3%. Conclusions Colectomy rates in the era of biologics ranged from 8% to 38% and lower post-2010 showing significant improvement in management and supporting the utility of biologics in Ulcerative colitis management.

scholarly journals Mycoplasma genitalium incidence, persistence, concordance between partners and progression: systematic review and meta-analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 95 (5) ◽  
pp. 328-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Cina ◽  
Lukas Baumann ◽  
Dianne Egli-Gany ◽  
Florian S Halbeisen ◽  
Hammad Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
Mycoplasma Genitalium ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Sexual Partners ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Infection Status ◽  
Sexually Transmitted

BackgroundMycoplasma genitalium is increasingly seen as an emerging sexually transmitted pathogen, and has been likened to Chlamydia trachomatis, but its natural history is poorly understood. The objectives of this systematic review were to determine M. genitalium incidence, persistence, concordance between sexual partners and the risk of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID).MethodsWe searched Medline, EMBASE, LILACS, IndMed and African Index Medicus from 1 January 1981 until 17 March 2018. Two independent researchers screened studies for inclusion and extracted data. We examined results in forest plots, assessed heterogeneity and conducted meta-analysis where appropriate. Risk of bias was assessed for all studies.ResultsWe screened 4634 records and included 18 studies; six (4201 women) reported on incidence, five (636 women) on persistence, 10 (1346 women and men) on concordance and three (5139 women) on PID. Incidence in women in two very highly developed countries was 1.07 per 100 person-years (95% CI 0.61 to 1.53, I2 0%). Median persistence of M. genitalium was estimated from one to three months in four studies but 15 months in one study. In 10 studies measuring M. genitalium infection status in couples, 39%–50% of male or female sexual partners of infected participants also had M. genitalium detected. In prospective studies, PID incidence was higher in women with M. genitalium than those without (risk ratio 1.73, 95% CI 0.92 to 3.28, I2 0%, two studies).DiscussionIncidence of M. genitalium in very highly developed countries is similar to that for C. trachomatis, but concordance might be lower. Taken together with other evidence about age distribution and antimicrobial resistance in the two infections, M. genitalium is not the new chlamydia. Synthesised data about prevalence, incidence and persistence of M. genitalium infection are inconsistent. These findings can be used for mathematical modelling to investigate the dynamics of M. genitalium.Registration numbersCRD42015020420, CRD42015020405

scholarly journals Movement Patterns and Muscular Function Before and After Onset of Sports-Related Groin Pain: A Systematic Review with Meta-analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (12) ◽  
pp. 1847-1867 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulina Kloskowska ◽  
Dylan Morrissey ◽  
Claire Small ◽  
Peter Malliaras ◽  
Christian Barton
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Groin Pain ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Movement Patterns ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Muscular Function

Exercise in the Treatment of Claudication: Assessment and Treatment of Functional Impairment

1997 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 238-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith G Regensteiner
Keyword(s):  
Functional Status ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Community Settings ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Assessment And Treatment ◽  
Walking Speeds ◽  
Walking Time ◽  
Efficacy Studies

Claudication is an important cause of impaired exercise capacity, which limits a patient's ability to walk and thus to meet the personal, social and occupational demands of daily life. Given that improvement of the walking impairment is the primary goal of treating claudication, exercise performance and functional status of patients with claudication should be measured before and after any intervention. Assessment of functional status in both the laboratory and community settings is important so that the various treatments can be judged as to relative efficacy. Studies have shown that exercise training programs have a clinically important impact on functional capacity in persons with claudication. A meta-analysis showed that pain-free walking time increased 180% and maximal walking time increased 120% in claudicants who participated in an exercise program. Substantial improvements have been found in walking speeds and distances (65% and 44%, respectively), caloric expenditure (31%) and physical functioning (67%).

scholarly journals Prevalence of depression and depressive symptoms among outpatients: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BMJ Open ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. e017173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinghui Wang ◽  
Xiaohang Wu ◽  
Weiyi Lai ◽  
Erping Long ◽  
Xiayin Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Prevalence Of Depression

ObjectivesDepression and depressive symptoms are common mental disorders that have a considerable effect on patients’ health-related quality of life and satisfaction with medical care, but the prevalence of these conditions varies substantially between published studies. The aim of this study is to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to provide a precise estimate of the prevalence of depression or depressive symptoms among outpatients in different clinical specialties.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis.Data sources and eligibility criteriaThe PubMed and PsycINFO, EMBASE and Cochrane Library databases were searched to identify observational studies that contained information on the prevalence of depression and depressive symptoms in outpatients. All studies included were published before January 2016. Data characteristics were extracted independently by two investigators. The point prevalence of depression or depressive symptoms was measured using validated self-report questionnaires or structured interviews. Assessments were pooled using a random-effects model. Differences in study-level characteristics were estimated by meta-regression analysis. Heterogeneity was assessed using standard χ2tests and the I2statistic. The study protocol has been registered with PROSPERO under number CRD42017054738.ResultsEighty-three cross-sectional studies involving 41 344 individuals were included in this study. The overall pooled prevalence of depression or depressive symptoms was 27.0% (10 943/41 344 individuals; 95% CI 24.0% to 29.0%), with significant heterogeneity between studies (p<0.0001, τ2=0.3742, I2=96.7%). Notably, a significantly higher prevalence of depression and depressive symptoms was observed in outpatients than in the healthy controls (OR 3.16, 95% CI 2.66 to 3.76, I2=72.0%, χ2=25.33). The highest depression/depressive symptom prevalence estimates occurred in studies of outpatients from otolaryngology clinics (53.0%), followed by dermatology clinics (39.0%) and neurology clinics (35.0%). Subgroup analyses showed that the prevalence of depression and depressive symptoms in different specialties varied from 17.0% to 53.0%. The prevalence of depression and depressive symptoms was higher among outpatients in developing countries than in outpatients from developed countries. Moreover, the prevalence of depression and depressive symptoms in outpatients slightly decreased from 1996 to 2010. Regarding screening instruments, the Beck Depression Inventory led to a higher estimate of the prevalence of depression and depressive symptoms (1316/4702, 36.0%, 95% CI 29.0% to 44.0%, I2=94.8%) than the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (1003/2025, 22.0%, 95% CI 12.0% to 35.0%, I2=96.6%).ConclusionOur study provides evidence that a significant proportion of outpatients experience depression or depressive symptoms, highlighting the importance of developing effective management strategies for the early identification and treatment of these conditions among outpatients in clinical practice. The substantial heterogeneity between studies was not fully explained by the variables examined.

scholarly journals Analysis of Linkages between Environmental Policy Instruments and Innovation: A Case Study of End-of-Life Vehicles Technologies in Japan

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajeev Kumar Singh ◽  
Helmut Yabar ◽  
Rie Murakami-Suzuki ◽  
Noriko Nozaki ◽  
Randeep Rakwal
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Policy ◽  
End Of Life ◽  
Environmental Regulations ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Control Policy ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Exogenous Factors ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

<p>Environmental policies are designed to deal with externalities either by internalizing environmental costs or imposing specific standards for environmental pollution. This study aims to examine the impact of environmental regulations related to End-of-Life Vehicles (ELV) on innovation in Japan. We determined whether there is any statistical difference in patent activity comparing the periods before and after the regulations were enacted. In order to control for exogenous factors such as business cycles, we also analyzed the ratios of ELV and total environmental patents during the same periods. Results showed that environmental regulations drive innovations and the number of ELV-related patents were larger even after controlling for such exogenous factors. We concluded that environmental policy for ELV in Japan was effective in inducing innovation. However, we also found that the weakness in these types of command and control policy is the lack of incentives for further innovation.</p>

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document