scholarly journals Smallpox and the Epidemiological Heritage of Modern Japan: Towards a Total History

2011 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 313-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akihito Suzuki
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
History Of Public Health ◽  
Structural Forces ◽  
Structural Force ◽  
History Of ◽  
Modern Japan ◽  
Long Term Experience ◽  
Cumulative Factor

This article examines one of the long-term structural forces that contributed to the making of public health in Modern Japan. My overall argument is that the history of public health should be conceived as a total history, encompassing not just political, administrative, and scientific factors but also natural, social, and economic factors. Elsewhere I have discussed two of these factors in some detail, both of which were long-term structural forces resulting from the interactions of different realms: 1) the effect of the topography and the pattern of the use of land; and 2) the effect of the market as a medium for people's behaviour seeking the prevention of the disease. Here I will argue that the Japanese long-term experience of diseases provided another structural force that shaped public health in Japan. The long-term cumulative factor can be called the ‘epidemiological heritage’ of Japan.

Developmental psychopathology and public health: Past, present, and future

2000 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 599-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. JANE COSTELLO ◽  
ADRIAN ANGOLD
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Developmental Psychopathology ◽  
Preventive Intervention ◽  
Prevention Strategies ◽  
History Of Public Health ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
History Of ◽  
Health And Development ◽  
Special Responsibility

Children's healthy mental development has never been the focus of long-term, committed public health policy in the way that early physical health and development have been. We discuss four types of societal response to illness—cure, care, control, and prevention—and trace the history of public health in terms of its special responsibility to control and prevent disease. We identify four periods in the history of public health: the Sanitarian era (up to 1850), the Bacterial era (1850–1950), the Behavioral era (1950–present), and the Communitarian era (the next century). Looking at this history from the viewpoint of the developmental psychopathology of the first 2 decades of life, we trace progress in public health responses to children with mental illness, from a philosophy of control by isolation toward one of preventive intervention. We examine primary, or universal, prevention strategies that have been tried, and we suggest some that might be worth reconsidering.

A HISTORY OF PUBLIC HEALTH

BMJ ◽  
1957 ◽  
Vol 1 (5019) ◽  
pp. 632-632
Author(s):  
S. W. Hinds
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
History Of Public Health ◽  
History Of

A History of Public Health in New York City, 1866-1966

1976 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 453
Author(s):  
Gert H. Brieger ◽  
John Duffy ◽  
Robert Stevens ◽  
Rosemary Stevens ◽  
Lloyd C. Taylor. Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
York City ◽  
History Of Public Health ◽  
History Of

scholarly journals SANITARY GUARDIANS IN PRE-REVOLUTIONARY RUSSIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-38
Author(s):  
Anna B. Agafonova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Social Participation ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Local Authorities ◽  
City Community ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The City ◽  
Public Oversight

The article describes the history of creation and activities of sanitary guardians in the cities of the Russian Empire. The study aims to identify organizational and social contradictions in guardianships’ activities, which hindered citizens from involvement in solving local sanitary problems. Boards of sanitary guardians were established by order of local authorities to involve the population in the fight against epidemics and conducting sanitary measures. The sanitary guardians’ activities consisted of timely notification of local authorities about the emergence of epidemics, participation in sanitary inspections of households, and conducting preventive conversations with homeowners about their compliance with public health and urban improvement regulations. The practice of citizens social participation in monitoring the urban area’s cleanliness was intended to level out the contradictions between homeowners and temporary doctors and sanitary executive commissions “alien” to the city community. Still, it often provoked conflicts between sanitary guardians and homeowners who defended the rights to inviolability of their property. In general, public oversight conducted by sanitary guardians has proven ineffective in the long term.

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