Cytogenetic and sequence comparison of adultPhyllodistomum(Digenea: Gorgoderidae) from the three-spined stickleback with larvae from two bivalves

Due to the low informative value of available morphological characters, cytogenetic and molecular methods, based on rDNA sequencing, were used to characterize adult and larval stages ofPhyllodistomumspp. Species studied have 18 chromosomes with comparable absolute and relative lengths. Conventional Giemsa staining and karyometric analysis revealed clear differences in chromosome morphology of larvalPhyllodistomumspp. infecting two bivalve host species,Sphaerium corneumandPisidium amnicum. However, karyotypes of adultP. foliumfrom three-spined sticklebacks and larval stages fromS. corneumappear almost identical both with respect to the relative lengths and centromeric indices of the corresponding chromosome pairs. The entire internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region (ITS-1, 5.8S and ITS-2) and the D1-D3 region of 28S gene were sequenced and compared. Again, sufficient differences were observed between larvalPhyllodistomumspp., while adultP. foliumand larvae fromS. corneumshowed a high level of similarity. So, both cytogenetic and molecular data support the suggestion that they represent developmental stages of the same species. The results were compared with published data obtained by cytogenetic and molecular studies on the otherPhyllodistomumspecies. Differences revealed in karyotype and rDNA sequences leads to the conclusion that the cercariaeum ofP. foliumsensu Sinitsin, 1905 could not be regarded as the larva of adultP. foliumfrom three-spined stickleback.

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Amanita subjunquillea and its ectomycorrhizal association, reported as new for Pakistan

Mycotaxon ◽

10.5248/134.413 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 134 (3) ◽

pp. 413-423

Author(s):

Muhammad Ishaq ◽

Arooj Naseer ◽

Munazza Kiran ◽

Muhammad Fiaz ◽

Abdul Nasir Khalid

Keyword(s):

Its Region ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Molecular Data ◽

Sequence Analyses ◽

Dark Orange ◽

Ectomycorrhizal Roots ◽

Morphological And Molecular Data ◽

Quercus Floribunda ◽

First Time ◽

Ectomycorrhizal Association

Amanita subjunquillea and its ectomycorrhizal association are reported for the first time from moist temperate Himalayan forests of Pakistan. The sample was studied based on morphological characters and nucleotide sequence analyses of the ITS region generated from basidiomata and ectomycorrhizal roots of Quercus floribunda. Our collection differs from the type in its dark orange pileus disc and pale yellow margins. Remaining morphological and molecular data are consistent with previously reported specimens. This represents the first report of A. subjunquillea from Pakistan.

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Powdery mildew caused by Erysiphe lespedezae (including Pseudoidium caesalpiniacearum, syn. nov.) on Bauhinia blakeana and B. purpurea in China

Phytotaxa ◽

10.11646/phytotaxa.345.1.4 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 345 (1) ◽

pp. 35 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

BIAO XU ◽

UWE BRAUN ◽

SHANHE ZHANG ◽

HUI YANG ◽

ZHI CAO ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Powdery Mildew ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Molecular Data ◽

Morphological Description ◽

New Host ◽

Rdna Sequences ◽

Powdery Mildews ◽

Molecular Phylogenetic ◽

28S Rdna Sequences

Bauhinia species are popular ornamental and medicinal plants with a pantropical distribution. In December 2016, powdery mildew symptoms were found on B. blakeana and B. purpurea in Guangdong, China. Based on ITS and 28S rDNA sequences, as well as morphological characters, the powdery mildew was identified as Erysiphe lespedezae. Previous records of powdery mildews on Bauhinia spp. are discussed. Based on morphological and molecular phylogenetic analyses of type material, Pseudoidium caesalpiniacearum is reduced to synonymy with E. lespedezae. To our best knowledge, this is the first report of E. lespedezae causing powdery mildew on B. purpurea in China, and B. blakeana as a new host. A detailed morphological description and molecular data are provided herein.

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New data on karyotype, spermatogenesis and ovarian trophocyte ploidy in three aquatic bug species of the families Naucoridae, Notonectidae, and Belostomatidae (Nepomorpha, Heteroptera)

Comparative Cytogenetics ◽

10.3897/compcytogen.v14i1.48709 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 139-156 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Desislava Stoianova ◽

Nikolay Simov ◽

Manh Quang Vu ◽

Duc Minh Nguyen ◽

Snejana Grozeva

Keyword(s):

Developmental Stages ◽

Balkan Peninsula ◽

Male Meiosis ◽

Published Data ◽

X Chromosomes ◽

The Family ◽

Cytogenetic Studies ◽

High Level ◽

Considerable Support

We report the karyotype, some aspects of spermatogenesis, and ovarian trophocytes ploidy in three aquatic bug species: Ilyocoris cimicoides (Linnaeus, 1758), Notonecta glauca Linnaeus, 1758, and Diplonychus rusticus Fabricius, 1871 from previously unexplored regions – South Europe (Bulgaria) and Southeast Asia (Vietnam). Our results add considerable support for the published karyotype data for these species. In I. cimicoides, we observed achiasmate male meiosis – the first report of achiasmy for the family Naucoridae. More comprehensive cytogenetic studies in other species of the Naucoridae are required to elucidate the role of achiasmy as a character in the systematics of the family. Our observations on the association between phases of spermatogenesis and developmental stages in I. cimicoides and N. glauca differ from the previously published data. In these species, we assume that the spermatogenesis phases are not strongly associated with certain developmental stages. For further cytogenetic studies (on the Balkan Peninsula), we recommend July as the most appropriate month for collection of I. cimicoides and N. glauca. In the ovaries of both species, we studied the level of ploidy in metaphase and interphase trophocytes. In I. cimicoides, diploid and tetraploid metaphase trophocytes were found. Heteropycnotic elements, observed in interphase trophocytes of this species, represented the X chromosomes. It allowed us to determine the trophocytes ploidy at interphase (2n was repeated up to 16 times). The situation with N. glauca was different. The metaphase trophocytes were diploid and we were not able to determine the ploidy of interphase trophocytes since such conspicuous heteropycnotic elements were not found. The scarce data available suggest a tendency for a low level of trophocyte ploidy in the basal infraorders (Nepomorpha and Gerromorpha) and for a high level in the more advanced Pentatomomorpha. Data about this character in species from other infraorders are needed to confirm that tendency.

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Phylogeny and evolution of calcareous sponges

Canadian Journal of Zoology ◽

10.1139/z06-005 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 84 (2) ◽

pp. 225-241 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

M Manuel

Keyword(s):

Molecular Phylogeny ◽

Phylogenetic Reconstruction ◽

Cladistic Analysis ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Calcareous Sponges ◽

Rdna Sequences ◽

Phylogenetic Hypotheses ◽

Phylogeny And Evolution ◽

High Level ◽

The 19Th Century

The most recent advances concerning the phylogeny and evolution of calcareous sponges (Calcarea or Calcispongia) are reviewed here, in the light of the history of taxonomy of the group and conceptions about its evolution, starting from Haeckel's works at the end of the 19th century. Calcisponge phylogeny has recently started to be addressed using modern tools of phylogenetic reconstruction: cladistic analysis of morphological characters and molecular phylogeny (so far using 18S and 28S rDNA sequences). The monophyly of calcareous sponges is strongly supported in these works, as is their subdivision into two clades, Calcinea (whose proposed synapomorphy is the basal position of nuclei in choanocytes, with no relation to the flagella) and Calcaronea (whose possible synapomorphy is the formation of the amphiblastula larva through the original process of eversion of the stomoblastula). While the molecular phylogeny of Calcinea is still in its infancy because of insufficient taxonomic sampling, several lines are emerging for the phylogeny of Calcaronea, and these are in strong disagreement with the classification issued from the "traditional" morphological approach. Phylogenetic hypotheses also permit the reconstruction of morphological character evolution, which appears complex and subject to a high level of homoplasy.

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Pseudosperma albobrunneum sp. nov. from coniferous forests of Pakistan

Mycotaxon ◽

10.5248/136.361 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 136 (2) ◽

pp. 361-372

Author(s):

Sana Jabeen ◽

Zainab ◽

Hira Bashir ◽

Abdul Nasir Khalid

Keyword(s):

Phylogenetic Analysis ◽

New Species ◽

Its Region ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Molecular Data ◽

Nuclear Ribosomal Dna ◽

Coniferous Forests ◽

Molecular Phylogenetic ◽

Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province ◽

A New Species

A new species, Pseudosperma albobrunneum, is described and illustrated. The specimens are from different areas of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, Pakistan. The identification is based on morphological characters, in combination with molecular phylogenetic analysis of sequences of the ITS region of nuclear ribosomal DNA. The species is found distinct morphologically from all closely related taxa, and molecular data confirm its novelty.

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Antagonistic Evaluation of Bioactive Metabolite from Endophytic Fungus, Aspergillus flavipes KF671231

Journal of Mycology ◽

10.1155/2014/371218 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Ankita Verma ◽

B. N. Johri ◽

Anil Prakash

Keyword(s):

Medicinal Plant ◽

Stevia Rebaudiana ◽

Its Region ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Fungal Isolate ◽

Aspergillus Flavipes ◽

Benzenedicarboxylic Acid ◽

Rdna Sequencing ◽

Bioassay Guided Fractionation

Of the total 40 endophytic fungi isolated from foliar tissues of medicinal plant Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni, a fungal isolate, Aspergillus flavipes, was subjected to bioassay guided fractionation. The fractionation was found active against medicinal plant pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum with an inhibition zone of 29 mm in size. Further the metabolite was extracted which shows 20% growth inhibition in 24 h and 46% after 48 h, respectively. Bioassay guided chemical compound was identified as 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, mono(2-ethylhexyl) ester. On the basis of morphological characters and rDNA sequencing of ITS region the endophyte was identified as Aspergillus flavipes which showed promising plant growth promotory properties.

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Anopheles (Kerteszia) lepidotus (Diptera: Culicidae), not the malaria vector we thought it was: Revised male and female morphology; larva, pupa, and male genitalia characters; and molecular verification

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.3218.1.1 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 3218 (1) ◽

pp. 1 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

BRUCE A. HARRISON ◽

FREDDY RUIZ-LOPEZ ◽

GUILLERMO CALDERON FALERO ◽

HARRY M. SAVAGE ◽

JAMES E. PECOR ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Malaria Vector ◽

Pupal Stage ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Molecular Data ◽

Coi Gene ◽

Larval Stages ◽

Female Paratypes ◽

Rdna Its2 ◽

The Andes ◽

First Time

The name Anopheles (Kerteszia) lepidotus Zavortink, commonly used for an important malaria vector in the eastern cor-dillera of the Andes, is here corrected to An. pholidotus Zavortink. We discovered that An. (Ker.) specimens from Peru,and reared-associated specimens from Ecuador, had unambiguous habitus characters that matched those on the male ho-lotype of An. lepidotus. However, the specimens do not exhibit characters of the female allotype and female paratypes ofAn. lepidotus, which are actually An. pholidotus. Our specimens are the first correctly associated females of An. lepidotus,which allow us to provide a new morphological interpretation for the adult habitus of this species. This finding is alsocorroborated by molecular data from a portion of the Cytochrome Oxidase I (COI) gene and ribosomal DNA Internal Tran-scribed Spacer 2 (rDNA ITS2). The pupal stage of An. lepidotus is described for the first time, and additional larval char-acters are also noted. Diagnostic morphological characters for the adult, pupal, and larval stages of An. pholidotus areprovided to separate the two species. All stages of An. lepidotus are easily separated from other currently known speciesin subgenus Kerteszia and a new key to the females of An. (Kerteszia) is given. Previously published distribution, bionomics, and medical significance data are corrected and enhanced.

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Genetic relationship and identification of Dioscorea polystachya cultivars accessed by ISAP and SCAR markers

Archives of Biological Sciences ◽

10.2298/abs150717098p ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 69 (2) ◽

pp. 277-284 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Bin Peng ◽

Yanmei Zhang ◽

Xiaoqin Sun ◽

Mimi Li ◽

Jiayu Xue ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Relationships ◽

Single Species ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Molecular Data ◽

Breeding Programs ◽

Sequence Characterized Amplified Region ◽

Conservation Actions ◽

High Level ◽

First Time

A survey of intron sequence amplified polymorphism (ISAP) in conjunction with sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) was carried out to examine the genetic relationships among 14 Dioscorea polystachya cultivars and identify the most popular cultivar ?Tiegun?. Our results revealed that there is a high level of polymorphism among these cultivars. Furthermore, in this study, ISAP markers were consistent with the morphological characters of Dioscorea polystachya cultivars and previous hypotheses on the classification of these cultivars into 2 groups via leaf and tuber shapes have been confirmed. Based on morphological characters and molecular data, we show for the first time that D. doryphora might be a single species and another progenitor of these cultivars. An ISAP fragment specific to the ?Tiegun? cultivar was converted into a SCAR marker. This marker could be used to discriminate the ?Tiegun? cultivar from the other 13 cultivars. Overall, the results of our study provide the foundations for subsequent breeding programs or conservation actions.

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Austronea phyllopogon (Hyacinthaceae, Urgineoideae), a new species from the Kamiesberg, Northern Cape Province in South Africa

Phytotaxa ◽

10.11646/phytotaxa.449.2.10 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 449 (2) ◽

pp. 203-206

Author(s):

MARIO MARTÍNEZ-AZORÍN ◽

MICHAEL PINTER ◽

MANUEL B. CRESPO ◽

MARÍA ÁNGELES ALONSO-VARGAS

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

New Species ◽

Southern Africa ◽

Developmental Stages ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Molecular Data ◽

Early Developmental Stages ◽

Northern Cape ◽

Early Developmental ◽

A New Species

Among the recently described genera in Hyacinthaceae subfamily Urgineoideae (= Asparagaceae subfam. Scilloideae tribe Urgineeae), Austronea Mart.-Azorín, M.B.Crespo, M.Pinter & Wetschnig in Martínez-Azorín et al. (2018: 105) includes 20 species restricted to southern Africa (Martínez-Azorín et al. 2018, 2019a, 2019b). Some such species were traditionally included in Urginea Steinheil (1834: 321) or Drimia Jacq. ex Willdenow (1799: 165) sensu lato and resemble those of Fusifilum Rafinesque (1837: 27), a phylogenetic relationship supported by molecular data (Martínez-Azorín et al. in prep.). However, species of Austronea are easily identified by a unique syndrome of morphological characters, the most characteristic being the subcorymbose or congested raceme that commonly nods during early developmental stages, the green to yellowish ovary (in contrast to the white gynoecium of Fusifilum) and the tetrahedrally folded seeds with narrowly winged angles (see Martínez-Azorín et al. 2018).

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SEQUENCE ANALYSIS OF 18s DNA OF Melosira sp., Dunaliella sp., Isochrysis sp. AND Porphyridium sp.

KnE Life Sciences ◽

10.18502/kls.v2i1.224 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 592

Author(s):

Lucia Kusumawati ◽

Ruben Wahyudi ◽

Reinhard Pinontoan ◽

Maria Gorreti Lily Panggabean

Keyword(s):

Sequence Analysis ◽

Phylogenetic Tree ◽

Dna Sequence ◽

Dna Sequences ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Rdna Sequences ◽

Pcr Products ◽

18S Rdna Sequences ◽

Pcr Method ◽

High Level

Phytoplankton has high level of biodiversity. In previous years phytoplankton was identified by their morphological characters. However, their morphology might change in different environments. These difficulties can be overcome by comparing their 18S rDNA sequences. This research is aimed to verify the identity of Melosira sp., Dunaliella sp., Isochrysis sp. and Porphyridium sp. Here, PCR method was used to amplify 18s DNA sequences. Three primer pairs were used, i.e. 18S-F and 18S-R; 501F and 1700R; 18S-2F and 18S-2R. PCR products were sequenced. MEGA5 was used to make phylogenetic tree. Genus verification for Isochrysis sp., Dunaliella sp. and Melosira sp. were conducted successfully using Blast and phylogenetic tree. 18s DNA sequence of Porphyridium sp. shows an interesting result and needs further verification. Keywords: Phytoplankton, Melosira sp., Dunaliella sp., Isochrysis sp., Porphyridium sp.

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