scholarly journals Transmission ecosystems of Echinococcus multilocularis in China and Central Asia

Parasitology ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 140 (13) ◽  
pp. 1655-1666 ◽  
Author(s):  
PATRICK GIRAUDOUX ◽  
FRANCIS RAOUL ◽  
EVE AFONSO ◽  
ISKENDER ZIADINOV ◽  
YURONG YANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intermediate Host ◽  
Echinococcus Multilocularis ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Distribution Data ◽  
The Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Transmission Ecology ◽  
Eastern Border ◽  
Regional Types ◽  
Lasiopodomys Brandtii

SUMMARYFrom continental to regional scales, the zoonosis alveolar echinococcosis (AE) (caused by Echinococcus multilocularis) forms discrete patches of endemicity within which transmission hotspots of much larger prevalence may occur. Since the late 80s, a number of hotspots have been identified in continental Asia, mostly in China, wherein the ecology of intermediate host communities has been described. This is the case in south Gansu, at the eastern border of the Tibetan plateau, in south Ningxia, in the western Tian Shan of Xinjiang, and in the Alay valley of south Kyrgyzstan. Here we present a comparative natural history and characteristics of transmission ecosystems or ecoscapes. On this basis, regional types of transmission and their ecological characteristics have been proposed in a general framework. Combining climatic, land cover and intermediate host species distribution data, we identified and mapped 4 spatially distinct types of transmission ecosystems typified by the presence of one of the following small mammal ‘flagship’ species: Ellobius tancrei, Ochotona curzoniae, Lasiopodomys brandtii or Eospalax fontanierii. Each transmission ecosystem had its own characteristics which can serve as a reference for further in-depth research in the transmission ecology of E. multilocularis. This approach may be used at fine spatial scales to characterize other poorly known transmission systems of the large Eurasian endemic zone, and help in consideration of surveillance systems and interventions.

scholarly journals Pengembangan Sistem Informasi Berbasis Web Untuk Pendistribusian Gas LPG

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-28
Author(s):  
Wiki Aji Putra Pena ◽  
Lanto Ningrayati Amali ◽  
Manda Rohandi ◽  
Edi Setiawan
Keyword(s):  
Business Owners ◽  
Prototype Model ◽  
Distribution Data ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Liquefied Petroleum Gas ◽  
Gas Distribution ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Customer Data ◽  
Supervision Process ◽  
Access Rights

Jenis gas LPG (Liquefied Petroleum Gas) ukuran 3 kg hanya diperuntukkan bagi masyarakat miskin dan pelaku UKM, tetapi jenis gas ini juga dinikmati oleh masyarakat yang mampu dan pelaku industry. Hal ini terjadi karena tidak adanya sistem pengawasan yang terkomputerisasi mengenai pendistribusian gas LPG 3 kg yang dilakukan oleh agen dan pangkalan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan sistem informasi pendistribusian gas LPG 3 kg di PT.P(Persero) Gorontalo berbasis web. Metode pengembangan sistem yang digunakan adalah model Prototype. Penelitian ini menghasilkan sistem aplikasi yang memberikan hak akses bagi admin untuk dapat menginputkan data yang dibutuhkan seperti data pelanggan, data pangkalan, data distribusi ke pangkalan dan data distribusi ke pelanggan. Sistem ini juga dapat mempermudah pihak agen dalam proses pendistribusian gas LPG 3 kg dan membantu PT.P(Persero) Gorontalo dalam proses pengawasan. Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) in 3kg packaging is reserved actually for poor and SMEs, yet the gas is also utilized by well-off people and business owners. This occurs because of the absence of computerized surveillance systems of the gas distribution by the agent and outlet. This study aimed to develop a web-based system of 3kg Liquefied Petroleum Gas information distribution in PT.P(Persero) Gorontalo; a prototype model was used to develop the system. This research resulted in a system that provides access rights for administrators to be able to input required data, such as customer data, outlet data, outlet distribution data, and customer distribution data. The systems also help the process of 3kg Liquefied Petroleum Gas distribution and PT.P(Persero) Gorontalo in terms of the supervision process.

scholarly journals Comparison of satellite-based evapotranspiration estimates over the Tibetan Plateau

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 3167-3182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Peng ◽  
Alexander Loew ◽  
Xuelong Chen ◽  
Yaoming Ma ◽  
Zhongbo Su
Keyword(s):  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Water Cycle ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
The Tibetan Plateau ◽  
North West ◽  
Comparison Results ◽  
Normalised Difference Vegetation Index

Abstract. The Tibetan Plateau (TP) plays a major role in regional and global climate. The understanding of latent heat (LE) flux can help to better describe the complex mechanisms and interactions between land and atmosphere. Despite its importance, accurate estimation of evapotranspiration (ET) over the TP remains challenging. Satellite observations allow for ET estimation at high temporal and spatial scales. The purpose of this paper is to provide a detailed cross-comparison of existing ET products over the TP. Six available ET products based on different approaches are included for comparison. Results show that all products capture the seasonal variability well with minimum ET in the winter and maximum ET in the summer. Regarding the spatial pattern, the High resOlution Land Atmosphere surface Parameters from Space (HOLAPS) ET demonstrator dataset is very similar to the LandFlux-EVAL dataset (a benchmark ET product from the Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment), with decreasing ET from the south-east to north-west over the TP. Further comparison against the LandFlux-EVAL over different sub-regions that are decided by different intervals of normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI), precipitation, and elevation reveals that HOLAPS agrees best with LandFlux-EVAL having the highest correlation coefficient (R) and the lowest root mean square difference (RMSD). These results indicate the potential for the application of the HOLAPS demonstrator dataset in understanding the land–atmosphere–biosphere interactions over the TP. In order to provide more accurate ET over the TP, model calibration, high accuracy forcing dataset, appropriate in situ measurements as well as other hydrological data such as runoff measurements are still needed.

Transmission ecology of Echinococcus multilocularis: What are the ranges of parasite stability among various host communities in China?

2006 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
pp. S237-S246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Giraudoux ◽  
David Pleydell ◽  
Francis Raoul ◽  
Jean-Pierre Quéré ◽  
Qian Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Echinococcus Multilocularis ◽  
Transmission Ecology

scholarly journals The brown hare (Lepus europaeus) as a novel intermediate host for Echinococcus multilocularis in Europe

2015 ◽  
Vol 114 (8) ◽  
pp. 3167-3169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valérie Chaignat ◽  
Patrick Boujon ◽  
Caroline F. Frey ◽  
Brigitte Hentrich ◽  
Norbert Müller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intermediate Host ◽  
Echinococcus Multilocularis ◽  
Lepus Europaeus ◽  
Brown Hare

Resource selection in a high-altitude rangeland equid, the kiang (Equus kiang): influence of forage abundance and quality at multiple spatial scales

2014 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoine St-Louis ◽  
Steeve D. Côté
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Resource Selection ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Plant Quality ◽  
The Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Feeding Site ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Scales

Herbivores foraging in arid and seasonal environments often face choices between plant patches varying in abundance and nutritional quality at several spatial and temporal scales. Because of their noncompartmented digestive system, equids typically rely on abundant forage to meet their nutrient requirements. In forage-limited environments, therefore, scarcity of food resources represents a challenge for wild equids. We investigated hierarchical resource-selection patterns of kiangs (Equus kiang Moorcroft, 1841), a wild equid inhabiting the high-altitude steppes of the Tibetan Plateau, hypothesizing that vegetation abundance would be the main factor driving resource selection at a large scale and that plant quality would influence resource selection at finer scales. We investigated resource-selection patterns at three spatial levels (habitat, feeding site, and plant (vegetation groups, i.e., grasses, sedges, forbs, and shrubs)) during summer and fall. At the habitat level, kiangs selected both mesic and xeric habitats in summer and only xeric habitats (plains) during fall. At the feeding-site level, feeding sites had higher plant biomass and percentage of green foliage than random sites in the same habitats. At the plant level, grasses were selected over forbs and shrubs, and sedges were used in proportion to their availability during all seasons. Our results indicate that resource-selection patterns in kiangs vary across scales and that both forage abundance and quality play a role in resource selection. Plant quality appeared more important than hypothesized, possibly to increase daily nutrient intake in forage-limited and highly seasonal high-altitude rangelands.

scholarly journals A random forest approach for predicting the presence of Echinococcus multilocularis intermediate host Ochotona spp. presence in relation to landscape characteristics in western China

2014 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
pp. 176-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher G. Marston ◽  
F. Mark Danson ◽  
Richard P. Armitage ◽  
Patrick Giraudoux ◽  
David R.J. Pleydell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Random Forest ◽  
Intermediate Host ◽  
Echinococcus Multilocularis ◽  
Western China ◽  
Landscape Characteristics

The Tibetan hare Lepus oiostolus : a novel intermediate host for Echinococcus multilocularis

2004 ◽  
Vol 92 (4) ◽  
pp. 352-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ning Xiao ◽  
Tiao-Ying Li ◽  
Jia-Min Qiu ◽  
Minoru Nakao ◽  
Xing-Wang Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intermediate Host ◽  
Echinococcus Multilocularis

Antibody responses against Echinococcus multilocularis antigens in naturally infected Rattus norvegicus

1996 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 355-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Ito ◽  
M. Okamoto ◽  
H. Kariwa ◽  
T. Ishiguro ◽  
A. Hashimoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Intermediate Host ◽  
Echinococcus Multilocularis ◽  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Cestode Species ◽  
Capillaria Hepatica ◽  
Taenia Taeniaeformis ◽  
Norway Rats

AbstractTwo Norway rats, Rattus norvegicus, were found to be naturally infected with Echinococcus multilocularis in Japan. One of them was simultaneously infected with at least three different sized metacestodes of Taenia taeniaeformis. These two R. norvegicus rats and another R. norvegicus naturally infected with T. taeniaeformis and Capillaria hepatica were examined to see if they showed any antibody responses against these two cestode parasites with the view to obtaining more information on the importance of rats as the intermediate host for E. multilocularis. These R. norvegicus showed very poor antibody responses against the two cestode species, although the Wistar rats, R. rattus, experimentally infected with a single smaller sized metacestode of T. taeniaeformis showed stronger responses not only against T. taeniaeformis but also against E. multilocularis. Therefore the three R. norvegicus naturally infected with E. multilocularis and/or T. taeniaeformis demonstrated virtually no immune response, at least against these cestodes.

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