Nanoencapsulation of benznidazole in calcium carbonate increases its selectivity to Trypanosoma cruzi

Parasitology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 145 (9) ◽  
pp. 1191-1198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise Donadello Tessarolo ◽  
Ramon Róseo Paula Pessoa Bezerra de Menezes ◽  
Clarissa Perdigão Mello ◽  
Dânya Bandeira Lima ◽  
Emanuel Paula Magalhães ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Cell Death ◽  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Mitochondrial Membrane ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Selectivity Index ◽  
Limited Effectiveness

AbstractChagas disease is a public health problem, affecting about 7 million people worldwide. Benznidazole (BZN) is the main treatment option, but it has limited effectiveness and can cause severe adverse effects. Drug delivery through nanoparticles has attracted the interest of the scientific community aiming to improve therapeutic options. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxicity of benznidazole-loaded calcium carbonate nanoparticles (BZN@CaCO3) on Trypanosoma cruzi strain Y. It was observed that BZN@CaCO3 was able to reduce the viability of epimastigote, trypomastigote and amastigote forms of T. cruzi with greater potency when compared with BZN. The amount of BZN necessary to obtain the same effect was up to 25 times smaller when loaded with CaCO3 nanoparticles. Also, it was observed that BZN@CaCO3 enhanced the selectivity index. Furthermore, the cell-death mechanism induced by both BZN and BZN@CaCO3 was evaluated, indicating that both substances caused necrosis and changed mitochondrial membrane potential.

Development of new dinuclear Fe(III) coordination compounds with in vitro nanomolar antitrypanosomal activity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felipe Figuerôa Moreira ◽  
Juliana de Araujo Portes ◽  
Nathalia Florencia Barros Azeredo ◽  
Christiane Fernandes ◽  
Adolfo Horn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Coordination Compounds ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Neglected Tropical Disease ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Protozoan Pathogen

Chagas disease is a neglected tropical disease caused by the protozoan pathogen Trypanosoma cruzi. The disease is the major public health problem affecting about 6 to 7 million people worldwide,...

scholarly journals Tolerance of Benznidazole in Treatment of Chagas' Disease in Adults

2010 ◽  
Vol 54 (11) ◽  
pp. 4896-4899 ◽  
Author(s):  
María-Jesús Pinazo ◽  
José Muñoz ◽  
Elizabeth Posada ◽  
Paulo López-Chejade ◽  
Montserrat Gállego ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
European Country ◽  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Acute Stage ◽  
Chronic Stage

ABSTRACT Chagas’ disease is an emerging public health problem in areas where the disease is not endemic. Treatment with benznidazole has shown efficacy in the acute stage of the disease, but its efficacy in the chronic stage remains controversial, and unwanted side effects are more frequent and severe in adults than in children. This study describes the profile of side effects of benznidazole in a cohort of Trypanosoma cruzi-infected patients in a European country.

DISTRIBUTION OF TRIATOMINES (HETEROPTERA: REDUVIIDAE) ASSOCIATED WITH HUMAN HABITATION AND POTENTIAL RISK AREAS IN SIX STATES OF THE MEXICAN REPUBLIC

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Ismael Benítez-Alva ◽  
Herón Huerta ◽  
Juan Luis Téllez-Rendón
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Risk Areas ◽  
Human Habitation

Chagas disease is a real public health problem in Latin America, caused by the flagellate protozoan<br />Trypanosoma cruzi and described by Carlos Chagas in 1909. T. cruzi is transmitted by bloodsucking<br />insects of the subfamily Triatominae which thrive in sylvatic, peridomestic, and domestic habitats,<br />being in the latter two a potential risk to public health because of their role as vectors. We review the<br />distribution of triatomines associated with human habitation and their natural infection with T. cruzi<br />from the states of Aguascalientes, Chiapas, Guerrero, Jalisco, Michoacán, and Oaxaca. Based on<br />samples received in the Laboratory of Entomology of the Institute of Epidemiological Diagnosis and<br />Reference (InDRE-SSA) during the period 2006 to 2010, distribution maps and stratification of potential<br />areas of risk were made. A total of 1910 specimens of seven species of triatomines were identified.<br />Triatoma barberi, Meccus longipennis and M. pallidipennis were the species with the highest rate of<br />infection with T. cruzi; M. pallidipennis and T. dimidiata were the most widely distributed species.

Neurophysiological mechanisms of tobacco relapse (review)

MedAlliance ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-84
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Acetylcholine Receptors ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Preclinical Studies ◽  
Neurotransmitter Receptor ◽  
Stop Smoking ◽  
Limited Effectiveness ◽  
Neurophysiological Mechanisms

Morbidity and mortality associated with tobacco use re-main a major public health problem. Unfortunately, mo-dern pharmacotherapy for smoking cessation have limited effectiveness, and most smokers repeatedly stop smoking. The better understanding of the neurobiological and neu-rophysiological mechanisms that contribute to the relapse of smoking is necessary for new drugs for the nicotine ad-diction treatment. The review examined preclinical studies aimed at identifying neurotransmitter and neuromodula-tory systems that provide a relapse of nicotine consump-tion. In preclinical studies, the efficacy of regulating extra-cellular neurotransmitters or neurotransmitter receptor activity using antagonists or receptor agonists (both full and partial) has been demonstrated. In particular, it was shown that a drug that selectively binds to acetylcholine receptors containing three α4- and two β2-subunits reduc-es the search for nicotine in rats. It was shown that new pharmacological approaches to reduce the craving for ni-cotine in animal models can be used in the future to re-duce the risks of relapse of nicotine addiction in smokers.

scholarly journals Abarema cochliacarposExtract Decreases the Inflammatory Process and Skeletal Muscle Injury Induced byBothrops leucurusVenom

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeison Saturnino-Oliveira ◽  
Daiana Do Carmo Santos ◽  
Adriana Gibara Guimarães ◽  
Antônio Santos Dias ◽  
Marcelo Amorim Tomaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Muscle Injury ◽  
Inflammatory Process ◽  
Inflammatory Infiltrate ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Local Effects ◽  
Rotarod Test ◽  
Limited Effectiveness ◽  
Hydroethanolic Extract ◽  
Different Doses

Snakebites are a public health problem, especially in tropical countries. However, treatment with antivenom has limited effectiveness against venoms’ local effects. Here, we investigated the ability ofAbarema cochliacarposhydroethanolic extract (EAc) to protect mice against injection ofBothrops leucurusvenom. Swiss mice received perimuscular venom injection and were subsequently treated orally with EAc in different doses. Treatment with EAc 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg reduced the edema induced byB. leucurusin 1%, 13%, and 39%, respectively. Although lower doses showed no antihypernociceptive effect in the Von Frey test, the higher dose significantly reduced hyperalgesia induced by the venom. Antimyotoxic activity of EAc was also observed by microscopy assessment, with treated muscles presenting preserved structures, decreased edema, and inflammatory infiltrate as compared to untreated ones. Finally, on the rotarod test, the treated mice showed better motor function, once muscle fibers were preserved and there were less edema and pain. Treated mice could stand four times more time on the rotating rod than untreated ones. Our results have shown that EAc presented relevant activities against injection ofB. leucurusvenom in mice, suggesting that it can be considered as an adjuvant in the treatment of envenomation.

Chagas disease and coumarins: a review of natural and synthetic coumarins as anti-Trypanosoma cruzi agents

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guilherme Arraché Gonçalves ◽  
Hugo Cerecetto ◽  
Gilsane Lino von Poser ◽  
Rômulo Faria Santos Canto ◽  
Vera Lucia Eifler-Lima
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Neglected Tropical Disease ◽  
Limited Efficacy ◽  
Natural And Synthetic

The complexity of Chagas disease is still a challenge in endemic regions and an emergent public health problem in non-endemic countries. The causative agent of this neglected tropical disease, Trypanosoma cruzi, is mainly transmitted by triatomine vectors and possesses multiple epidemiologically important strains. Current chemotherapeutics are outdated and their limited efficacy is one of the major reasons for treatment discontinuation. In this context, it is urgent the development of novel, safe and economically accessible antichagasic drugs. Various classes of heterocycles and natural compounds have been described as potential antichagasic scaffolds, and coumarins are no exception. These versatile compounds have a wide spectrum of biological activities, and numerous natural and synthetic coumarins have been reported with antichagasic potential. The aim of this review is to discuss the available literature between 2001 and 2020 regarding natural and synthetic coumarins with anti-Trypanosoma cruzi activity. Moreover, some of the studies herein comprised are dedicated to the potential of coumarins to inhibit promising targets in Trypanosoma cruzi.

scholarly journals Aleatory Trypanosoma cruzi Vertical Transmission in Chiapas, Mexico: A Case Report

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sury Antonio López-Cancino ◽  
Jorge Fernando Méndez-Galván ◽  
Mariana Soria-Guerrero ◽  
Marcos Meneses-Mayo ◽  
Sergio Agustin Islas-Andrade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Parasite Infection ◽  
Human Migration ◽  
Important Public Health Problem ◽  
Important Public Health

Congenital Chagas disease is considered a form of dispersion of Trypanosoma cruzi related to human migration from endemic, often rural to previously non-endemic urban areas. This fact increases the Chagas disease establishment risk inside of family members by vertical transmission pathway. Congenital Chagas disease cases in newborns could not identified by the health professional even in endemic regions. Here we present the first family cluster of Chagas disease cases from Chiapas: one of the most important endemic areas in South of Mexico, where vertical T. cruzi transmission incidence rate is ranged between 2% to 22% revealing an important public health problem. Two cases inside a family from Chiapas, México with positive antibodies against T. cruzi detected by ELISA are presented; one of them got the infection through vertical pathway. We think that congenital Chagas disease should not be ignored in a newborn born from an asymptomatic Chagas disease mother, who may transmit the parasite infection randomly.

Kindesmisshandlung und deren Langzeitfolgen – Analyse einer repräsentativen deutschen Stichprobe

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Witt ◽  
Rebecca Brown ◽  
Paul L. Plener ◽  
Elmar Brähler ◽  
Jörg M. Fegert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Nachhaltige Entwicklung

Zusammenfassung. Kindesmisshandlung stellt einen bedeutenden Risikofaktor für die Entwicklung dar. Einzelne Formen von Kindesmisshandlung treten häufig nicht isoliert auf, sondern das gemeinsame Auftreten verschiedener Formen von Kindesmisshandlung stellt eher die Regel als die Ausnahme dar. Neben den langfristigen und vielfältigen individuellen Folgen führt Kindesmisshandlung jährlich zu einer hohen gesamtgesellschaftlichen Belastung. Die WHO hat Kindesmisshandlung als großes Public Health Problem identifiziert und die Vereinten Nationen haben den Kampf gegen Kindesmisshandlung zum Ziel in ihrer Agenda für nachhaltige Entwicklung gemacht. In dem vorliegenden Beitrag werden die Häufigkeit sowie das gemeinsame Auftreten unterschiedlicher Formen von Kindesmisshandlung sowie deren Assoziation mit psychischen und somatischen Folgen auf Basis einer bevölkerungsrepräsentativen Stichprobe untersucht und dargestellt. Die Ergebnisse verdeutlichen den Zusammenhang zwischen der Kumulation verschiedener Formen von Misshandlung und negativen Folgen für die Betroffenen. So ist das Risiko für negative Konsequenzen beim Erleben von vier oder mehr Formen von Misshandlung um das bis zu 10-fache erhöht. Viel zu selten werden die kumulativen Effekte von mehreren Belastungen berücksichtigt. Gerade weil die Wirkweisen über die Misshandlung, die Gesundheit beeinflusst, zunehmend gut untersucht sind, muss dieses Wissen im Gesundheitswesen stärker bei der Konzeption von Präventions- und Interventionsmaßnahmen berücksichtigt werden.

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