Hallucinations in children with conduct and emotional disorders: II. The follow-up study

1984 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 597-604 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. Garralda
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Disorders ◽  
Conduct Disorders ◽  
Depressive Illness ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Organic Brain ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Altered Awareness

SynopsisIn a controlled study, 20 children with hallucinations and emotional or conduct disorders were followed up into adulthood. The mean follow-up time was 17 years and the mean age at follow-up was 30 years. Hallucinations in childhood did not carry an increased risk for psychoses, depressive illness, organic brain damage or other psychiatric disorders. The continuation of hallucinations and episodes of altered awareness in some of the subjects may indicate a special predisposition to hallucinate.

In-patient Treatment of 165 Adolescents with Emotional and Conduct Disorders a Study of Outcome

1993 ◽  
Vol 162 (3) ◽  
pp. 345-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Wells ◽  
Brian Faragher
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Disorders ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Conduct Disorders ◽  
Patient Treatment ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
One Year ◽  
The One ◽  
Different Characteristics

A two-year follow-up study of 165 teenagers with conduct and emotional disorders treated as in-patients on a regional adolescent unit (YPU) is described. The target types of behaviour for each subject were scored independently by the teenager, the parent or guardian, and the professional referrer before admission and at one month, one year and two years after discharge. The significant overall improvement in behaviour observed at one month after discharge was sustained at one and two years. Thirty-three subjects who abandoned treatment within six weeks of admission had made significantly less progress than the fully treated group at one month after discharge, but there were no significant differences at the one- and two-year evaluations. Two years after treatment, between 69% and 79% of the 132 subjects who completed treatment were regarded as improved, depending on which respondent made the assessment. Adolescents who completed treatment had different characteristics from those who terminated treatment prematurely and were more likely to be girls in care referred by social services.

scholarly journals Maternal PCOS status and metformin in pregnancy: Steroid hormones in 5–10 years old children from the PregMet randomized controlled study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. e0257186
Author(s):  
Liv Guro Engen Hanem ◽  
Øyvind Salvesen ◽  
André Madsen ◽  
Jørn V. Sagen ◽  
Gunnar Mellgren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Free Testosterone ◽  
Reference Population ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
In Pregnancy

Objective Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder, with potential effects on offspring both genetically and through altered intrauterine environment. Metformin, which ameliorate hormonal disturbances in non-pregnant women with PCOS is increasingly used in pregnancy. It passes the placenta, and the evidence on potential consequences for offspring endocrine development is scarce. We explore the potential effects of maternal PCOS status and intrauterine metformin exposure on offspring steroid hormone levels. Design This is a follow-up study of 5–10 years old children from the PregMet-study–a randomized controlled trial comparing metformin (2000 mg/day) to placebo during PCOS pregnancies. Of the 255 children invited, 117 (46%) were included. Methods There was no intervention in this follow-up study. Outcomes were serum levels of androstenedione, testosterone, SHBG, cortisol, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, 11-deoxycortisol and calculated free testosterone converted to gender-and age adjusted z-scores from a Norwegian reference population. These were compared in i) placebo-exposed children versus children from the reference population (z-score zero) by the deviation in z-score by one-sample t-tests and ii) metformin versus placebo-exposed children by two-sample t-tests. Holm-Bonferroni adjustments were performed to account for multiple endpoints. Results Girls of mothers with PCOS (n = 30) had higher mean z-scores of androstenedione (0.73 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.41 to 1.06), p<0.0001), testosterone (0.76 (0.51 to 1.00), p<0.0001), and free testosterone (0.99 (0.67 to 1.32), p<0.0001) than the reference population. Metformin-exposed boys (n = 31) tended to have higher 11-deoxycortisol z-score than placebo-exposed boys (n = 24) (mean difference 0.65 (95% CI 0.14–1.17), p = 0.014). Conclusion Maternal PCOS status was associated with elevated androgens in 5- to 10-year-old daughters, which might indicate earlier maturation and increased risk of developing PCOS. An impact of metformin in pregnancy on steroidogenesis in children born to mothers with PCOS cannot be excluded. Our findings need confirmation in studies that include participants that have entered puberty.

Prenatal Exposure to the 1957 Influenza Epidemic and Adult Schizophrenia: A Follow-Up Study

1996 ◽  
Vol 168 (3) ◽  
pp. 368-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Cannon ◽  
D. Cotter ◽  
V. P. Coffey ◽  
P. C. Sham ◽  
N. Takei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Risk ◽  
Prenatal Exposure ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Depressive Illness ◽  
Exposed Group ◽  
Influenza Epidemic ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Admission Data ◽  
Increased Risk

BackgroundWe investigated the hypothesis that prenatal exposure to the 1957 A2 influenza increases the risk of schizophrenia in adulthood.MethodWe traced a cohort of individuals known to have been exposed to the 1957 influenza epidemic during gestation and an unexposed cohort matched for period of gestation and hospital of birth. Follow-up information on psychiatric illness in subjects was sought from two sources: maternal interview and psychiatric hospital admission data.ResultsFollow-up information was obtained on 54% of the sample: 238 subjects from the influenza-exposed group and 287 subjects from the unexposed group. There was no increased risk of schizophrenia among the exposed cohort compared to the unexposed cohort (relative risk 1.1; 95% CI 0.41–2.95), although there was an increase in depressive illness (relative risk 1.59; 95% CI 1.15–2.19).ConclusionsThe association between prenatal influenza and an increased risk of schizophrenia in adulthood has thus far been found only in population-based data and is not supported by the present observational study which has information about exposure and outcome in individuals.

scholarly journals Correction to: Increased risk of tinnitus following a trigeminal neuralgia diagnosis: a one-year follow-up study

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yen-Fu Cheng ◽  
Sudha Xirasagar ◽  
Tzong-Han Yang ◽  
Chuan-Song Wu ◽  
Yi-Wei Kao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trigeminal Neuralgia ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
One Year

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.

Migraine is related to an increased risk of Parkinson’s disease: A population-based, propensity score-matched, longitudinal follow-up study

Cephalalgia ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (14) ◽  
pp. 1316-1323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsin-I Wang ◽  
Yu-Chun Ho ◽  
Ya-Ping Huang ◽  
Shin-Liang Pan
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Propensity Score ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Migraine Group

Background The association between migraine and Parkinson’s disease (PD) remains controversial. The purpose of the present population-based, propensity score-matched follow-up study was to investigate whether migraineurs are at a higher risk of developing PD. Methods A total of 41,019 subjects aged between 40 and 90 years with at least two ambulatory visits with a diagnosis of migraine in 2001 were enrolled in the migraine group. A logistic regression model that included age, sex, pre-existing comorbidities and socioeconomic status as covariates was used to compute the propensity score. The non-migraine group consisted of 41,019 propensity score-matched, randomly sampled subjects without migraine. The PD-free survival rate were estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method. Stratified Cox proportional hazard regression was used to estimate the effect of migraine on the risk of developing PD. Results During follow-up, 148 subjects in the migraine group and 101 in the non-migraine group developed PD. Compared to the non-migraine group, the hazard ratio of PD for the migraine group was 1.64 (95% confidence interval: 1.25–2.14, p = 0.0004). The PD-free survival rate for the migraine group was significantly lower than that for the non-migraine group ( p = 0.0041). Conclusions This study showed an increased risk of developing PD in patients with migraine.

scholarly journals Repetition of deliberate self-harm and subsequent suicide risk: Long-term follow-up study of 11 583 patients

2004 ◽  
Vol 185 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Louis Zahl ◽  
Keith Hawton
Keyword(s):  
Relative Risk ◽  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Single Episode ◽  
Deliberate Self Harm ◽  
Young Females ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Self Harm

BackgroundRepetition of deliberate self-harm (DSH) is a risk factor for suicide. Little information is available on the risk for specific groups of people who deliberately harm themselves repeatedly.AimsTo investigate the long-term risk of suicide associated with repetition of DSH by gender, age and frequency of repetition.MethodA mortality follow-up study to the year 2000 was conducted on 11583 people who presented to the general hospital in Oxford between 1978 and 1997. Repetition of DSH was determined from reported episodes prior to the index episode and episodes presenting to the same hospital during the follow-up period. Deaths were identified through national registers.ResultsThirty-nine percent of patients repeated the DSH. They were at greater relative risk of suicide than the single-episode DSH group (2.24; 95% CI 1.77–2.84). The relative risk of suicide in the repeated DSH group compared with the single-episode DSH group was greater in females (3.5; 95% C11.3–2.4) than males (1.8; 95% C1 2.3–5.3) and was inversely related to age (up to 54 years). Suicide risk increased further with multiple repeat episodes of DSH in females.ConclusionsRepetition of DSH is associated with an increased risk of suicide in males and females. Repetition may be a better indicator of risk in females, especially young females.

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