Maternal PCOS status and metformin in pregnancy: Steroid hormones in 5–10 years old children from the PregMet randomized controlled study

Objective Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder, with potential effects on offspring both genetically and through altered intrauterine environment. Metformin, which ameliorate hormonal disturbances in non-pregnant women with PCOS is increasingly used in pregnancy. It passes the placenta, and the evidence on potential consequences for offspring endocrine development is scarce. We explore the potential effects of maternal PCOS status and intrauterine metformin exposure on offspring steroid hormone levels. Design This is a follow-up study of 5–10 years old children from the PregMet-study–a randomized controlled trial comparing metformin (2000 mg/day) to placebo during PCOS pregnancies. Of the 255 children invited, 117 (46%) were included. Methods There was no intervention in this follow-up study. Outcomes were serum levels of androstenedione, testosterone, SHBG, cortisol, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, 11-deoxycortisol and calculated free testosterone converted to gender-and age adjusted z-scores from a Norwegian reference population. These were compared in i) placebo-exposed children versus children from the reference population (z-score zero) by the deviation in z-score by one-sample t-tests and ii) metformin versus placebo-exposed children by two-sample t-tests. Holm-Bonferroni adjustments were performed to account for multiple endpoints. Results Girls of mothers with PCOS (n = 30) had higher mean z-scores of androstenedione (0.73 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.41 to 1.06), p<0.0001), testosterone (0.76 (0.51 to 1.00), p<0.0001), and free testosterone (0.99 (0.67 to 1.32), p<0.0001) than the reference population. Metformin-exposed boys (n = 31) tended to have higher 11-deoxycortisol z-score than placebo-exposed boys (n = 24) (mean difference 0.65 (95% CI 0.14–1.17), p = 0.014). Conclusion Maternal PCOS status was associated with elevated androgens in 5- to 10-year-old daughters, which might indicate earlier maturation and increased risk of developing PCOS. An impact of metformin in pregnancy on steroidogenesis in children born to mothers with PCOS cannot be excluded. Our findings need confirmation in studies that include participants that have entered puberty.

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Increased Risk of Osteoarthritis After ACL Reconstruction – A 14-year Follow-up Study of a Randomized Controlled Trial

Arthroscopy The Journal of Arthroscopic and Related Surgery ◽

10.1016/j.arthro.2013.07.080 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 29 (10) ◽

pp. e80-e81 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Björn Barenius ◽

Sari Ponzer ◽

Adel Shalabi ◽

Robert Bujak ◽

Louise Norlén ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Randomized Controlled Trial ◽

Acl Reconstruction ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Follow Up Study ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

Increased Risk

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Hallucinations in children with conduct and emotional disorders: II. The follow-up study

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291700015208 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 14 (3) ◽

pp. 597-604 ◽

Cited By ~ 53

Author(s):

M. E. Garralda

Keyword(s):

Emotional Disorders ◽

Conduct Disorders ◽

Depressive Illness ◽

Controlled Study ◽

Follow Up Study ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Organic Brain ◽

The Mean ◽

Altered Awareness

SynopsisIn a controlled study, 20 children with hallucinations and emotional or conduct disorders were followed up into adulthood. The mean follow-up time was 17 years and the mean age at follow-up was 30 years. Hallucinations in childhood did not carry an increased risk for psychoses, depressive illness, organic brain damage or other psychiatric disorders. The continuation of hallucinations and episodes of altered awareness in some of the subjects may indicate a special predisposition to hallucinate.

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A one year follow-up study on the effects of acupuncture in the treatment of stroke patients in the subacute stage: a randomized, controlled study

Clinical Rehabilitation ◽

10.1177/026921559701100302 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 192-200 ◽

Cited By ~ 40

Author(s):

Astrid Kjendahl ◽

Susanne Säliström ◽

Per Egil Østen ◽

Johan Kvalvik Stanghelle ◽

Christian F Borchgrevink

Keyword(s):

Randomized Controlled Study ◽

Controlled Study ◽

Stroke Patients ◽

Follow Up Study ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

Subacute Stage ◽

One Year

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β-cell dysfunction in women with previous gestational diabetes is associated with visceral adipose tissue distribution

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/eje-15-0153 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 173 (1) ◽

pp. 63-70 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Tove Lekva ◽

Jens Bollerslev ◽

Kristin Godang ◽

Marie Cecilie Paasche Roland ◽

Camilla Margrethe Friis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Visceral Fat ◽

Cell Function ◽

Post Partum ◽

Β Cell ◽

Follow Up Study ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Β Cell Function ◽

In Pregnancy

ContextGlucose intolerance in pregnancy predicts an increased risk of future type 2 diabetes.ObjectiveThe aim of the study was to evaluate glucose metabolism in women with and without gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) at 5 years follow-up and identify risk factors associated with disturbed glucose metabolism post-partum.DesignThis follow-up study included 300 consecutively enrolled women from a previous population-based cohort study. The participants underwent oral glucose tolerance test under pregnancy and in the follow-up study, in addition to dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in the follow-up study.ResultsFifty-two women (17.7%) were found to have GDM in pregnancy with an odds ratio of 4.8 developing prediabetes 5 years later. β-cell function, but not insulin resistance or sensitivity, was reduced in the follow-up study after adjusting for known risk factors. Furthermore, visceral fat content at follow-up was increased in GDM women compared to non-GDM women, and the β-cell function declined with increasing visceral fat in both groups but was more pronounced in the women with previous GDM.ConclusionsWomen with GDM are at increased risk of developing prediabetes and have a decreased β-cell function 5 years post-partum that is associated with increased visceral fat mass.

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Osteoarthritis is associated with an increased risk of Parkinson’s disease: A population‐based, longitudinal follow‐up study

Arthritis Care & Research ◽

10.1002/acr.24708 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Shih‐Hao Feng ◽

Hung‐Jui Chuang ◽

Kuo‐Cheng Yeh ◽

Shin‐Liang Pan

Keyword(s):

Parkinson’S Disease ◽

Parkinson's Disease ◽

Population Based ◽

Follow Up Study ◽

Increased Risk

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Effectiveness of Abdominal and Gluteus Medius Training in Lumbo-Pelvic Stability and Adductor Strength in Female Soccer Players. A Randomized Controlled Study

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18041528 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (4) ◽

pp. 1528

Author(s):

Héctor Guerrero-Tapia ◽

Rodrigo Martín-Baeza ◽

Rubén Cuesta-Barriuso

Keyword(s):

Repeated Measures ◽

Gluteus Medius ◽

Soccer Players ◽

Controlled Study ◽

Control Group ◽

Extrinsic Factors ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

Limb Injuries ◽

Experimental Group

Background. Abdominal and lumbo-pelvic stability alterations may be the origin of lower limb injuries, such as adductor pathology in soccer players. Imbalance can be caused by both intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Methods: In this randomized controlled trial over 8 weeks, 25 female footballers were randomly allocated to an experimental group (isometric abdominal training and gluteus medius-specific training) or a control group (isometric abdominal training). Evaluations were performed at baseline, at the end of the intervention and after a 4-week follow-up period. The exercise protocol in common for both groups included three exercises: Plank, Lateral plank and Bird dog. Specific exercises for the gluteus medius were: Pelvic drop and Stabilization of the gluteus medius in knee valgus. Outcome measures were lumbar-pelvic stability and adductor strength. Results: After the intervention, there was an increase in lumbo-pelvic stability in both groups, being greater in the control group than in the experimental group (mean differences [MD]: 4.84 vs. MD: 9.58; p < 0.01) with differences in the analysis of repeated measures (p < 0.001), but not in group interaction (p = 0.26). Changes were found in adductor strength in the experimental group (MD: −2.48; p < 0.001 in the left adductor; MD: −1.48; p < 0.01 in right adductor) and control group (MD: −1.68; p < 0.001 in the left adductor; MD: −2.05; p < 0.001 in the right adductor) after the intervention, with differences in the analysis of repeated measures in left (p < 0.001) and right (p < 0.001) adductor strength. Conclusions: An abdominal and gluteal training protocol shows no advantage over a protocol of abdominal training alone for lumbo-pelvic stability and adductor strength, while improvements in both variables are maintained at four weeks follow-up.

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