Psychological distress among recent immigrants from the former Soviet Union to Israel, II. The effects of the Gulf War

1996 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 503-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Lerner ◽  
N. Zilber
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Help Seeking ◽  
Psychological Symptoms ◽  
Gulf War ◽  
Recent Immigrants ◽  
Help Seeking Behaviour ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Post War

SynopsisThe psychological effects of the Gulf War were studied on a group of Israeli civilians particularly at risk, viz. recent immigrants from the former Soviet Union. A quasi-experimental design was used. A sample of immigrants who had already been screened for psychological distress just before the war were reassessed after the war with the same instrument (PERI demoralization questionnaire). Various parameters related to the war period were also assessed. Psychological symptoms during the war were significantly associated with pre-war level of distress and with actual physical harm from the missiles, but not with exposure to danger (proximity of residence to areas hit by missiles). Correlates of behaviour in the face of life-threatening danger during the war (change of residence and help-seeking behaviour) were also identified. Overall the level of post-war psychological distress was not found to be higher than pre-war levels. This was explained by the immigrants' feelings of shared fate, belonging and sense of cohesion, which characterize the general Israeli population during war time.

Psychological distress among recent immigrants from the former Soviet Union to Israel, I. Correlates of level of distress

1996 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 493-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Zilber ◽  
Y. Lerner
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Open Door ◽  
Open Door Policy ◽  
Large Wave ◽  
Recent Immigrants ◽  
Previous Contact ◽  
The Mean

SynopsisIn most migrations some selection takes place either by the absorbing country and/or the individuals who emigrate. Israel has an open-door policy for immigrants and the recent large wave of immigrants from the former Soviet Union was made up of entire families rather than individuals. This provided an opportunity to examine the issue of migration and psychological distress more directly. A nationwide sample of 600 immigrants who arrived during the preceding year were interviewed in December 1990. Their psychological distress was measured by the PERI Demoralization questionnaire. For both genders, the mean demoralization score of the immigrant sample was found to be significantly higher than that reported for the Israeli-born population (after controlling for education). The factors that were found to be correlated with the level of distress were mostly individual characteristics of the immigrants (e.g. profession, religiousness, former residence in the Chernobyl region, previous contact with the health profession because of psychological problems). Increased distress was also significantly related to perceived lack of social support in Israel, which may in fact be partly determined by personality traits.

Perceived discrimination and psychological distress in nine countries of the former Soviet Union

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-168
Author(s):  
Andrew Stickley ◽  
Hans Oh ◽  
Ai Koyanagi ◽  
Mall Leinsalu ◽  
Zui Narita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Perceived Discrimination ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Single Item ◽  
Reference Category ◽  
Quantitative And Qualitative Research ◽  
Item Scale

Background: Perceived discrimination has been linked to worse mental health. However, little is known about this association in the countries of the former Soviet Union (fSU). Aim: To address this deficit, this study examined the link between perceived discrimination and psychological distress in nine fSU countries. Methods: Data were analyzed from 18,000 adults aged ⩾18 years obtained during the Health in Times of Transition (HITT) survey undertaken in Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Russia and Ukraine in 2010 and 2011. A single-item measure was used to assess discrimination. Psychological distress was measured with a 12-item scale. Logistic regression analysis and meta-analysis were used to examine associations. Results: After adjusting for all potential confounders, when using none/little discrimination as the reference category, moderate and strong discrimination were associated with significantly increased odds for psychological distress in the total population and in men and women separately with odds ratios ranging from 1.93 to 2.64. Meta-analysis based on country-wise estimates showed that the level of between-country heterogeneity was negligible. Conclusion: Perceived discrimination is associated with psychological distress in countries throughout the fSU. Quantitative and qualitative research is now warranted to determine its specific forms and impact on population health in individual fSU countries.

scholarly journals How can the utilisation of help for mental disorders be improved? A quasi-experimental online study on the changeability of stigmatising attitudes and intermediate variables in the process of utilisation

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas McLaren ◽  
Lina-Jolien Peter ◽  
Samuel Tomczyk ◽  
Holger Muehlan ◽  
Susanne Stolzenburg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Mental Health Care ◽  
Help Seeking ◽  
Fractional Factorial ◽  
World Health ◽  
Online Study ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Help Seeking Behaviour ◽  
Quasi Experimental

Abstract Background Epidemiological studies show that even in highly developed countries many people with depression do not seek help for their mental health issues, despite promising prevention approaches encouraging people to seek help and reduce self-stigma. Therefore, an anti-stigma intervention study to support help-seeking behaviour will be developed on the basis of the newly explicated “Seeking Mental Health Care Model”. Methods A quasi-experimental online study will be carried out to assess the effect of different intervention variables relevant for the help-seeking process. The study is conceived as a fractional factorial design. Participants will be screened for depressive complaints (PHQ-9 sum score ≥ 8) and current psychiatric/psychotherapeutic treatment. After baseline assessment the participants will be randomly allocated into one of the 24 study groups receiving different combinations of the vignette-based intervention aiming to reduce stigma and support help-seeking. Next, relevant outcome measures will be administered a second time. In a 3- and 6-month follow-up help-seeking behaviour will be measured. Gamified elements and avatar-choice techniques will be used to heighten study immersion and adherence. Discussion On the basis of the project results, promising research and intervention perspectives can be developed. Results, firstly, allow for a more detailed empirical investigation and conceptualisation of the stages of mental health care utilisation, as well as an examination of theoretical approaches to stigmatisation. Secondly, our online study could provide insights for an evidence-based design and evaluation of online interventions for people with a mental illness. Trial registration German Clinical Trials Register: DRKS00023557. Registered 11 December 2020. World Health Organization, Universal Trial Number: U1111–1264-9954. Registered 16 February 2021.

The imbalance of power in 1991: collapse of the Soviet Union and allied victory in the Persian Gulf War

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
James W. Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Persian Gulf ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
World Order ◽  
Major Change ◽  
Gulf War ◽  
Persian Gulf War ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Russian Constitution ◽  
The Persian Gulf

The two unrelated events of the break-up of the Soviet Union and the allied victory in the Persian Gulf War made the year 1991 a significant turning point for both Moscow and Washington. A full fifteen nations emerged from the shell of the former Soviet Union, while revolutions in the formerly communist managed states of East Europe led to the emergence of democratic forms in all of them. The resulting Russian state was much smaller and weaker than the Soviet state that it supplanted. In contrast, American power surged forth with the coordinated victory in the Persian Gulf War over Iraq, after its invasion of Kuwait, that restored U.S. military credibility after the quagmire of the War in Southeast Asia. New doctrinal formulations emerged on both sides with the new Russian Constitution of 1993 that paralled the rise of the Yeltsin government, and with the New World Order as articulated for a time by the George H.W. Bush administration. The resulting imbalance of power was a major change from the dynamics of the Cold War but also a prod to the ambitions of Russian leaders like Vladimir Putin. However, balance remained with the mutual negotiations that characterized START diplomacy.

The Odessa Museum of Archaeology

1995 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-79
Author(s):  
S.B. Okhotnikov
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Bronze Age ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Ancient History ◽  
Soviet Academy ◽  
Classical Archaeology ◽  
History Of ◽  
Post War ◽  
Second World

AbstractThe Odessa Museum of Archaeology was founded in 1825 by local antiquarians. The museum's collection grew in part due to excavations of classical sites in the region, in part due to gifts and purchases from dealers in classical antiquities. Up to the Second World War the focus of the Museum's activities was classical archaeology. In the post-war period this expanded to include the whole of the ancient history of the region from the Stone Age to the Middle Ages. The museum now houses one of the best collections of Classical Antiquities in the former Soviet Union and the third-ranking Egyptological collection. The museum formed from 1972 part of the Soviet Academy system and undertook fieldwork on the Lower Dniester at Bronze Age sites, as well as at classical sites such as Tyras, Nikonion, the site of the ancient Odessos, and Leuke and medieval sites such as Belgorod.

Disability and psychological distress in nine countries of the former Soviet Union

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Stickley ◽  
Naoki Kondo ◽  
Bayard Roberts ◽  
Kseniya Kizilova ◽  
Kyle Waldman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Former Soviet Union

scholarly journals Depression and anxiety in healthcare professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 149 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Weibelzahl ◽  
J. Reiter ◽  
G. Duden
Keyword(s):  
Help Seeking ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Psychological Symptoms ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Help Seeking Behaviour ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Work Related Stressors

Abstract Healthcare staff have been at the centre of the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic, facing diverse work-related stressors. Building upon studies from various countries, we aimed to investigate (1) the prevalence of various work-related stressors among healthcare professionals in Germany specific to the COVID-19 pandemic, (2) the psychological effects of these stressors in terms of clinical symptoms, and (3) the healthcare professionals' help-seeking behaviour. To this end, N = 300 healthcare professionals completed an online survey including the ICD-10 Symptom Rating checklist (ISR), event-sampling questions on pandemic-related stressors and self-formulated questions on help-seeking behaviour. Participants were recruited between 22 May and 22 July 2020. Findings were analysed using t tests, regressions and comparisons to large clinical and non-clinical samples assessed before and during the pandemic. Results show that healthcare professionals were most affected by protective measures at their workplace and changes in work procedures. Psychological symptoms, particularly anxiety and depression, were significantly more severe than in a non-clinical pre-pandemic sample and in the general population during the pandemic. At the same time, most professionals indicated that they would not seek help for psychological concerns. These findings indicate that healthcare employers need to pay greater attention to the mental health of their staff.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document