Duration of untreated psychosis: impact on 2-year outcome

Background. The duration of untreated psychosis has been postulated to be a predictor of clinical outcome in schizophrenia. Although several prospective studies support the relationship, some studies do not. These differences may be due to a number of methodological issues. The objectives of this study are: (i) to address many of the methodological limitations of earlier studies such as variations in sample size and selection, type of treatment provided, differences in measurement of DUP and outcome, and length of follow-up; and (ii) to examine the relationship between DUP and outcome in a prospective longitudinal study.Method. The DUP of 200 consecutive admissions to a first-episode programme was determined. The sample was followed over 2 years and pre-morbid functioning, symptoms, social and cognitive functioning and substance use were assessed longitudinally.Results. Two years after admission to the programme, longer DUP was significantly associated with high levels of positive symptoms and poor social functioning. Independently of other variables, DUP predicted positive symptoms and social functioning at 1 and 2 years.Conclusions. There is evidence that long DUP continues to have an influence on outcome up to 2 years. These results support ongoing efforts for early detection and intervention.

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Differential impacts of duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) on cognitive function in first-episode schizophrenia according to mode of onset

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.eurpsy.2015.08.004 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 30 (8) ◽

pp. 995-1001 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

S. Ito ◽

T. Nemoto ◽

N. Tsujino ◽

N. Ohmuro ◽

K. Matsumoto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Function ◽

Social Functioning ◽

First Episode ◽

Duration Of Untreated Psychosis ◽

Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽

Insidious Onset ◽

First Episode Schizophrenia ◽

Prospective Longitudinal ◽

Onset Group

AbstractBackgroundThe mode of onset and the course of schizophrenia illness exhibit substantial individual variations. Previous studies have pointed out that the mode of onset affects the duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) and clinical outcomes, such as cognitive and social functioning. This study attempted to clarify the association between the DUP and clinical features, taking the different modes of onset into consideration, in a prospective longitudinal study examining patients with first-episode schizophrenia.MethodsThis study was conducted in six areas of Japan. Patients with first-episode schizophrenia were followed for over 18 months. Cognitive function, psychopathology, and social functioning were assessed at baseline and at 6, 12, and 18-month follow-up points.ResultsWe identified 168 patients and sufficient information was available to determine the DUP and the mode of onset for 156 patients (92.9%): 79 had an acute onset, and 77 had an insidious onset. The DUP was significantly associated with quality of life (QOL), social functioning, and cognitive function at most of the follow-up points in the insidious-onset group. The DUP and negative symptoms at baseline were significant predictors of cognitive function at the 18-month follow-up in the insidious-onset group.ConclusionsThe present results further support the hypothesis that the DUP affects QOL, social functioning, and cognitive function over the course of illness, especially in patients with an insidious onset. Effective strategies for detecting and caring for individuals with insidious onset early during the course of schizophrenia will be essential for achieving a full patient recovery.

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Altered Antioxidant Defenses in Drug-Naive First Episode Patients with Schizophrenia Are Associated with Poor Treatment Response to Risperidone: 12-Week Results from a Prospective Longitudinal Study

Neurotherapeutics ◽

10.1007/s13311-021-01036-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Xi Rong Li ◽

Mei Hong Xiu ◽

Xiao Ni Guan ◽

Yue Chan Wang ◽

Jun Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Longitudinal Study ◽

Treatment Response ◽

Antioxidant Defenses ◽

First Episode ◽

Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽

Poor Treatment ◽

Drug Naïve ◽

Prospective Longitudinal ◽

Poor Treatment Response

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Predictors of outcome in first-episode schizophrenia over the first 4 years of illness

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s003329170800336x ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 38 (8) ◽

pp. 1141-1146 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

P. Whitty ◽

M. Clarke ◽

O. McTigue ◽

S. Browne ◽

M. Kamali ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Negative Symptoms ◽

First Episode ◽

Global Assessment Of Functioning ◽

Methodological Issues ◽

Course Of Illness ◽

Dsm Iv ◽

First Episode Schizophrenia ◽

The Relationship ◽

Positive And Negative Symptoms

BackgroundThe outcome of schizophrenia appears to be more favourable than once thought. However, methodological issues, including the reliance on diagnosis at first presentation have limited the validity of outcome studies to date.MethodWe conducted a first-episode follow-up study of 97 patients with DSM-IV schizophrenia over the first 4 years of illness. First presentation and follow-up assessments were compared using paired t tests and a forced-entry regression analysis was used to determine prognostic variables.ResultsThere were significant improvements in positive and negative symptoms and global assessment of functioning between first presentation and follow-up. At first presentation, fewer negative symptoms (t=−3.40, p<0.01), more years spent in education (t=3.25, p<0.01), and a shorter duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) (t=−2.77, p<0.01) significantly predicted a better outcome at follow-up.ConclusionsThe outcome of schizophrenia may not be as pessimistic as once thought and most patients did not display a downward deteriorating course of illness. This study supports the relationship between DUP and outcome beyond the early stages of illness.

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Long-term follow-up of meniscectomy in athletes. A prospective longitudinal study

Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery - British Volume ◽

10.1302/0301-620x.69b1.3818740 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 69-B (1) ◽

pp. 80-83 ◽

Cited By ~ 209

Author(s):

U Jorgensen ◽

S Sonne-Holm ◽

F Lauridsen ◽

A Rosenklint

Keyword(s):

Longitudinal Study ◽

Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽

Long Term Follow Up ◽

Prospective Longitudinal

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“The beat of my heart”: the relationship between resting heart rate and psychopathy in a prospective longitudinal study

Journal of Criminal Psychology ◽

10.1108/jcp-07-2018-0029 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 333-344 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Henriette Bergstrøm ◽

David P. Farrington

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Longitudinal Study ◽

Criminal Behavior ◽

Future Research ◽

Resting Heart Rate ◽

Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽

Content Type ◽

Prospective Longitudinal ◽

The Relationship ◽

Negative Relationships

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between resting heart rate (RHR) and psychopathy. The literature on heart rate vs criminality (including violence) is quite clear; low RHR is associated with engaging in violent and criminal behavior. However, results are not as consistent for psychopathy. Design/methodology/approach This paper analyzes heart rate measured at ages 18 and 48, and psychopathy at age 48, in the Cambridge Study in Delinquent Development (CSDD). The CSDD is a prospective longitudinal study that has followed 411 boys from childhood to middle age, and measured social and biological factors of interest to the field of criminal psychology. Findings Interestingly, it was only heart rate at age 18 that was negatively and significantly related to psychopathy at age 48. No trends or relationships were found between heart rate at age 48 and psychopathy at age 48. The findings do, however, indicate that low heart rate at age 18 predicts psychopathy at age 48, and the strongest negative relationships are found between low heart rate (beats per minute) and impulsive and antisocial psychopathic symptoms. Originality/value This is the first ever longitudinal study showing that low RHR predicts later psychopathy. Suggestions for future research are outlined.

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Stigma and Acceptance of Sierra Leone’s Child Soldiers: A Prospective Longitudinal Study of Adult Mental Health and Social Functioning

Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.jaac.2019.05.026 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 59 (6) ◽

pp. 715-726 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Theresa S. Betancourt ◽

Dana L. Thomson ◽

Robert T. Brennan ◽

Cara M. Antonaccio ◽

Stephen E. Gilman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Longitudinal Study ◽

Social Functioning ◽

Child Soldiers ◽

Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽

Adult Mental Health ◽

Prospective Longitudinal

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Does fear of movement mediate the relationship between pain intensity and disability in patients following whiplash injury? A prospective longitudinal study

Pain ◽

10.1016/j.pain.2011.09.023 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 153 (1) ◽

pp. 113-119 ◽

Cited By ~ 35

Author(s):

Steven J. Kamper ◽

Christopher G. Maher ◽

Luciola da C. Menezes Costa ◽

James H. McAuley ◽

Julia M. Hush ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Longitudinal Study ◽

Pain Intensity ◽

Whiplash Injury ◽

Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽

Fear Of Movement ◽

Prospective Longitudinal ◽

The Relationship

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Changes in self-rated health and quality of life among Syrian refugees migrating to Norway: a prospective longitudinal study

International Journal for Equity in Health ◽

10.1186/s12939-020-01300-6 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Jasmin Haj-Younes ◽

Elisabeth Marie Strømme ◽

Jannicke Igland ◽

Bernadette Kumar ◽

Eirik Abildsnes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Longitudinal Study ◽

Syrian Refugees ◽

Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽

Mean Values ◽

Self Rated Health ◽

Prospective Longitudinal ◽

Over Time

Abstract Background Forced migrants can be exposed to various stressors that can impact their health and wellbeing. How the different stages in the migration process impacts health is however poorly explored. The aim of this study was to examine changes in self-rated health (SRH) and quality of life (QoL) among a cohort of adult Syrian refugees before and after resettlement in Norway. Method We used a prospective longitudinal study design with two assessment points to examine changes in health among adult Syrian resettlement refugees in Lebanon accepted for resettlement in Norway. We gathered baseline data in 2017/2018 in Lebanon and subsequently at follow-up one year after arrival. The main outcomes were good SRH measured by a single validated item and QoL measured by WHOQOL-BREF. We used generalized estimating equations to investigate changes in outcomes over time and incorporated interaction terms in the models to evaluate effect modifications. Results In total, 353 subjects participated in the study. The percentage of participants reporting good SRH showed a non-significant increase from 58 to 63% RR, 95%CI: 1.1 (1.0, 1.2) from baseline to follow-up while mean values of all four QoL domains increased significantly from baseline to follow-up; the physical domain from 13.7 to 15.7 B, 95%CI: 1.9 (1.6, 2.3), the psychological domain from 12.8 to 14.5 B, 95%CI: 1.7 (1.3, 2.0), social relationships from 13.7 to 15.3 B, 95%CI: 1.6 (1.2, 2.0) and the environmental domain from 9.0 to 14.0 5.1 B, 95%CI: (4.7, 5.4). Positive effect modifiers for improvement in SRH and QoL over time include male gender, younger age, low level of social support and illegal status in transit country. Conclusion Our results show that good SRH remain stable while all four QoL domains improve, most pronounced in the environment domain. Understanding the dynamics of migration and health is a fundamental step in reaching health equity.

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