Affective modulation of external misattribution bias in source monitoring in schizophrenia

2008 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 821-824 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. G. Costafreda ◽  
G. Brébion ◽  
P. Allen ◽  
P. K. McGuire ◽  
C. H. Y. Fu
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Bias ◽  
Source Monitoring ◽  
Emotional Valence ◽  
Positive Symptoms ◽  
Affective Modulation ◽  
External Agents ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
The Subject

BackgroundSchizophrenic patients tend to attribute internal events to external agents, a bias that may be linked to positive symptoms. We investigated the effect of emotional valence on the cognitive bias.MethodMale schizophrenic subjects (n=30) and an experimenter alternatively produced neutral and negative words. The subject then decided whether he or the experimenter had generated the item.ResultsExternal misattributions were more common than self-misattributions, and the bias was greater for patients with active hallucinations and delusions relative to patients in remission. Actively psychotic patients but not patients in remission were more likely to generate external misattributions with negative relative to neutral words.ConclusionsAffective modulation of the externalizing cognitive bias in source monitoring is evident in patients with hallucinations and delusions.

scholarly journals Source monitoring and memory confidence in schizophrenia

2002 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. MORITZ ◽  
T. S. WOODWARD ◽  
C. C. RUFF
Keyword(s):  
Source Monitoring ◽  
External Source ◽  
Source Attribution ◽  
New Words ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Degree Of Confidence ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Memory Confidence ◽  
Higher Doses ◽  
Healthy Participants

Background. The present study attempted to extend previous research on source monitoring deficits in schizophrenia. We hypothesized that patients would show a bias to attribute self-generated words to an external source. Furthermore, it was expected that schizophrenic patients would be over-confident regarding false memory attributions.Method. Thirty schizophrenic and 21 healthy participants were instructed to provide a semantic association for 20 words. Subsequently, a list was read containing experimenter- and self-generated words as well as new words. The subject was required to identify each item as old/new, name the source, and state the degree of confidence for the source attribution.Results. Schizophrenic patients displayed a significantly increased number of source attribution errors and were significantly more confident than controls that a false source attribution response was true. The latter bias was ameliorated by higher doses of neuroleptics.Conclusions. It is inferred that a core cognitive deficit underlying schizophrenia is a failure to distinguish false from true mnestic contents.

scholarly journals EXPRESSIVE WRITING THERAPY SEBAGAI MEDIA UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN PENGUNGKAPAN DIRI (SELF DISCLOSURE) PADA PASIEN SKIZOFRENIA HEBEFRENIK

Psibernetika ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lulus Faqihatur Rohmah ◽  
Herlan Pratikto
Keyword(s):  
Expressive Writing ◽  
Life Experiences ◽  
Case Study Approach ◽  
Self Disclosure ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
The Past ◽  
Writing Therapy ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
The Subject

<p><strong><em>ABSTRACT</em></strong><strong><em>:</em></strong><em> </em><em>This study aims to intervene in one of the schizophrenic patients who are in RSUD Dr. Radjiman Widiodiningrat Malang. Subjects experienced hebefrenic schizophrenia. The researcher gave an intervention in the form of expressive writing therapy as a medium to express feelings, heal and improve mental health. This therapy is believed to be able to reveal or describe life experiences in the past, present or future. The method used in the study is qualitative with a case study approach. The results of this study indicate that Expressive writing therapy is effectively used as a medium to express the feelings / heart content / emotions of the Subject</em>.<em></em></p><pre><strong><em>Keyword:</em></strong><em> Expressive writing therapy, Hebefrenic Schizophrenia.</em></pre><p><em> </em></p><p><strong>ABSTRAK</strong><strong>:</strong><em> </em>Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan intervensi kepada salah satu pasien skizofrenia yang berada di RSJ Dr.Radjiman Widiodiningrat Malang. Subyek mengalami gangguan skizofrenia hebefrenik. Peneliti memberikan intervensi berupa <em>expressive writing therapy </em>sebagai media untuk meningkatkan kemampuan pengungkapan diri (<em>self disclosure</em>), menyembuhkan dan peningkatan kesehatan mental. Terapi ini diyakini mampu mengungkap atau menggambarkan pengalaman hidup pada masa lalu, sekarang atau masa depan. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa <em>Expressive writing therapy </em>efektif digunakan sebagai media mengungkapkan perasaan/isi hati/emosi Subyek.<em></em></p><p><strong>Kata kunci:</strong> <em>Expressive writing </em><em>T</em><em>herapy, </em>Skizofrenia Hebefrenik.</p><p> </p>

scholarly journals Positive psychotherapy untuk mengurangi gejala depresi pada pasien gangguan skizofrenia

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Walda Isna Nisa
Keyword(s):  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Positive Psychotherapy ◽  
Environmental Support ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Old Men

Abstrak. Skizofrenia merupakan kelainan psikiatrik kronis dan termasuk gangguan mental berat yang ditunjukkan dengan beberapa simtom negatif seperti pada gejala depresi. Depresi merupakan kondisi emosional yang biasa ditandai dengan kesedihan yang mendalam, perasaan tidak berarti dan bersalah, menarik diri dari orang lain, tidak dapat tidur, kehilangan selera makan, kehilangan hasrat seksual dan minat  dalam beraktivitas. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengurangi gejala depresi pada pasien gangguan skizofren dengan intervensi Positive Psychotherapy. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah eksperimen dengan One-Group Pretest-Posttest Design. Subjek penelitian ini adalah laki-laki berusia 22 tahun yang mengalami gangguan skizofrenia dengan gejala depresi. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah Tes Grafis, Wartegg, Wais, WWQ, SSCT dan skala BDI-II. Teknik analisis data menggunakan kuantitatif non parametik dengan uji Wilcoxon pada SPSS versi 23. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan intervensi Positive Psychotherapy mampu mengurangi gejala depresi pada subjek. Subjek sudah mampu melakukan aktivitas sehari-hari  dan berinteraksi terlibat dalam  kegiatan sosial. Hal ini didukung oleh motivasi subjek untuk sembuh namun subjek kurang percaya diri menjalani kehidupannya. Dukungan keluarga dan lingkungan sangat positif sehingga dapat meningkatkan motivasi subjek dalam mengurangi gejala depresi yang dialami.Kata Kunci :  Positive Psychotherapy, Gejala Depresi, Gangguan SkizofreniaAbstract. Schizophrenia is a chronic psychiatric disorder and includes severe mental disorders as indicated by several negative symptoms such as symptoms of depression. Depression is an emotional condition that is usually characterized by deep sadness, feeling insignificant and guilty, withdrawing from others, unable to sleep, losing appetite, losing sexual desire and interest in activities. This study aims to reduce depression symptoms in schizophrenic patients with Positive Psychotherapy intervention. The research method used was an experiment with One-Group Pretest-Posttest Design. The subjects of this study were 22-year-old men who experienced schizophrenia with symptoms of depression. The instruments used are Graphic Test, Wartegg, Wais, WWQ, SSCT and BDI-II scale. The data analysis technique used quantitative non parametics with Wilcoxon test on SPSS version 23. The results of the study showed that Positive Psychotherapy was able to reduce depressive symptoms in the subject. Subjects are able to carry out daily activities and interact involved in social activities. This is supported by the motivation of the subject to recover but the subject lacks confidence in living his life. Family and environmental support is very positive so it can increase the motivation of the subject in reducing the symptoms of depression experienced.Keywords: Positive Psychotherapy, Symptoms of Depression, Schizophrenic Disorders

Cognitive Function in Schizophrenia: Association with Negative and Positive Symptoms

1996 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald A. Capleton
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Wisconsin Card Sort Test ◽  
Positive Symptoms ◽  
Word Fluency ◽  
Generation Task ◽  
Card Sort ◽  
Word Generation ◽  
Perseverative Errors ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients

20 schizophrenic patients were classified as having either predominantly negative ( n = 11) or predominantly positive symptoms ( n = 9), utilizing the Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms and the Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms. Cognitive functioning was evaluated in these participants and 10 non-patient controls using a word-fluency test and word-generation task. Finally, all participants were evaluated using the Coglab Card Sort Test, a computerized version of the Wisconsin Card Sort Test. The only reliable difference in performance among groups was on perseverative errors on the Coglab Card Sort Test Schizophrenic participants made significantly more perseverative errors than controls and those classified as having primarily negative symptoms made more perseverative errors than those classified as having predominantly positive symptoms. These findings confirm previous reports with respect to cognitive functioning of schizophrenic patients and are consistent with the hypotheses regarding frontal lobe dysfunction in schizophrenia. These data encourage research with larger samples.

Negative Symptoms at Discharge and Outcome in Schizophrenia

1995 ◽  
Vol 166 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hai-Gwo Hwu ◽  
Happy Tan ◽  
Chu-Chang Chen ◽  
Ling-Ling Yeh
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Outcome ◽  
Social Functioning ◽  
Symptom Score ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Positive Symptom ◽  
Positive Symptoms ◽  
Symptom Scores ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Positive And Negative Symptoms

BackgroundThe clinical significance in schizophrenia of positive and negative symptoms at discharge was assessed.MethodOf schizophrenic patients fulfilling DSM–III criteria, 113 were recruited for this study. Personal, social and psychopathological data were collected and all cases were followed up at one and two years after discharge.ResultsThe presence of positive symptoms (64 cases), without concomitant negative symptoms, did not predict the follow-up social function and positive symptom score. Conversely, the presence of negative symptoms (31 cases) predicted worse social functioning (P < 0.05 to P < 0.005) and higher positive symptom scores (P < 0.01) at follow-up using MANOVA. Eighteen cases (15.9%) had neither positive nor negative symptoms and had the best clinical outcome.ConclusionsNegative, but not positive, symptoms assessed at discharge are an important predictor of poor outcome. In addition, negative symptoms may themselves expose a biological vulnerability to the presence of positive symptoms.

The Evaluative Content of Emotion

2019 ◽  
Vol 85 ◽  
pp. 75-86
Author(s):  
Patricia Greenspan
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Valence ◽  
Physical Pain ◽  
Affective Symptoms ◽  
The Subject

AbstractThe content of emotion sometimes seems to be conflated with its object, but we can distinguish between content and object on the model of Fregean sense versus reference. Fear, for instance, refers to something the subject of fear is afraid of and represents that object of fear as dangerous, so that the emotion can be said to have evaluative content. Here I attempt to clarify and defend my view of emotional discomfort or other affect as what does the evaluating. Some current accounts of the unpleasantness of physical pain take a similar view, but in application to emotion they call for an explanation of how emotional affect can simultaneously evaluate both the affective symptoms of emotion and the emotion's object. I suggest an explanation and indicate how it supports the link between emotional valence and motivational force.

New dopaminergic and non-dopaminergic theories in schizophrenia and their therapeutic impact

1997 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 64-67
Author(s):  
R.S. Kahn
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Dopamine Neurons ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Positive Symptoms ◽  
The Core ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Core Symptoms ◽  
Influential Theory

The dopamine (DA) hypothesis of schizophrenia, postulating that schizophrenia is characterized by increased dopamine function, has been the most influential theory on the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. It has recently been revised based on the appreciation that the core symptoms of schizophrenia may not be the positive (psychotic) symptoms, but rather the negative symptoms and the cognitive deficits found in schizophrenic patients. This revision has prompted the hypothesis that schizophrenia is characterized by both decreased prefrontal dopamine activity (causing deficit symptoms) and increased dopamine activity in mesolimbic dopamine neurons (causing positive symptoms).Notwithstanding this revision of a role for dopamine in schizophrenia, it has become increasingly evident that dysfunction of other monoaminergic systems may be as important in contributing to the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Specifically, the putative role of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) in schizophrenia is gaining considerable attention. Several observations, such as the ability of the 5-HT antagonist, ritanserin, to alleviate schizophrenic symptoms and, when added to haloperidol (Haldol®), to decrease its extrapyramidal side-effects (EPS), have stimulated studies into a role of 5-HT in schizophrenia. The finding that clozapine (Leponex®), clinically superior to conventional neuroleptics, is a weak DA2 antagonist but a potent 5-HT1c and 5-HT2 antagonist has further stimulated 5-HT-related research in schizophrenia.

Positive and Negative Symptoms in Psychiatry

1986 ◽  
Vol 148 (5) ◽  
pp. 587-589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael R. Trimble
Keyword(s):  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Personal Communication ◽  
Thought Disorder ◽  
Positive Symptom ◽  
Positive Symptoms ◽  
Market Research Company ◽  
Research Company ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Positive And Negative Symptoms

The terms positive and negative symptoms have slipped into the language of contemporary psychiatry with comparative ease. It is not uncommon for these expressions to be used with little explanation, both at meeting and in written communications, with the implicit understanding that their meaning is understood and that somehow they are of value to our knowledge of psychopathology. However, that there are no clear guide-lines at present for our use of these terms is shown from a recent survey of psychiatrists' opinions from a market research company (Martin Hamblin Research-Personal Communication). As part of a series of questions asked to many psychiatrists of differing age, geographical location, and status, they were asked about the meaning of these terms, positive and negative symptoms and the proportion of schizophrenic patients having them. Of the categories quoted by Crow (1980–81) as positive symptoms, 68% considered that delusions were positive symptoms, 63% hallucinations, and only 35% thought disorder. In contrast, 18% thought that behaviour disturbance was a positive symptom, a similar figure (15%) being given for passivity feelings. Considerable variation was noted, however, with hallucinations being considered positive by only 33% of London psychiatrists, thought disorder by only 11% of those qualified 16–25 years, and one-quarter of all registrars and psychiatrists from Midland Health Districts considered passivity feelings to fall into this category. Even greater disagreement was recorded for negative symptoms. Thus, the symptom most often associated with this category was apathy, by 52% of respondents. Only 26% considered that withdrawal was a negative symptom, the percentage data for lack of motivation and blunting of affect being 37% and 15% respectively.

Bereitschaftpotential in schizophrenia

1997 ◽  
Vol 171 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taha Karaman ◽  
Sibel Özkaynak ◽  
Korkut Yaltkaya ◽  
Çetin Büyükberker
Keyword(s):  
Frontal Cortex ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Symptom Clusters ◽  
Positive Symptoms ◽  
Voluntary Movements ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Late Component ◽  
Subcortical Structures ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Motor Abnormalities

BackgroundSeveral reports have documented the presence of motor abnormalities in schizophrenic patients.MethodThirty schizophrenics and 28 healthy controls were included in the study. Scalp-recorded bereitschaftpotentials (BPs) generated prior to voluntary movements were recorded in all subjects.ResultsThe early (NSI) and late components of BP and peak negativity were reduced in all schizophrenic patients. In particular, the NSI was reduced in patients with positive symptoms, and the late component in patients with negative symptoms.ConclusionsThese findings provide further support for the involvement of frontal cortex, subcortical structures and their connections in schizophrenia, and highlight some differences between positive and negative symptom clusters.

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