scholarly journals Cerebellar white-matter changes in cannabis users with and without schizophrenia

2011 ◽  
Vol 41 (11) ◽  
pp. 2349-2359 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Solowij ◽  
M. Yücel ◽  
C. Respondek ◽  
S. Whittle ◽  
E. Lindsay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Cannabinoid Receptors ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
White Matter Volume ◽  
Cerebellar White Matter ◽  
Matter Volume ◽  
Mri Scans

BackgroundThe cerebellum is rich in cannabinoid receptors and implicated in the neuropathology of schizophrenia. Long-term cannabis use is associated with functional and structural brain changes similar to those evident in schizophrenia, yet its impact on cerebellar structure has not been determined. We examined cerebellar grey and white matter in cannabis users with and without schizophrenia.MethodSeventeen patients with schizophrenia and 31 healthy controls were recruited; 48% of the healthy group and 47% of the patients were long-term heavy cannabis users (mean 19.7 and 17.9 years near daily use respectively). Cerebellar measures were extracted from structural 3-T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans using semi-automated methods, and examined using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) and correlational analyses.ResultsCerebellar white-matter volume was reduced in cannabis users with and without schizophrenia compared to healthy non-users, by 29.7% and 23.9% respectively, and by 17.7% in patients without cannabis use. Healthy cannabis users did not differ in white-matter volume from either of the schizophrenia groups. There were no group differences in cerebellar grey matter or total volumes. Total cerebellar volume decreased as a function of duration of cannabis use in the healthy users. Psychotic symptoms and illness duration correlated with cerebellar measures differentially between patients with and without cannabis use.ConclusionsLong-term heavy cannabis use in healthy individuals is associated with smaller cerebellar white-matter volume similar to that observed in schizophrenia. Reduced volumes were even more pronounced in patients with schizophrenia who use cannabis. Cannabis use may alter the course of brain maturational processes associated with schizophrenia.

scholarly journals Reduced Frontal White Matter Volume in Long-Term Childhood Leukemia Survivors: A Voxel-Based Morphometry Study

2008 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 792-797 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.E. Carey ◽  
M.W. Haut ◽  
S.L. Reminger ◽  
J.J. Hutter ◽  
R. Theilmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Childhood Leukemia ◽  
Voxel Based Morphometry ◽  
White Matter Volume ◽  
Matter Volume ◽  
Frontal White Matter

Changes to Memory Structures in Children Treated for Posterior Fossa Tumors

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lily Riggs ◽  
Eric Bouffet ◽  
Suzanne Laughlin ◽  
Normand Laperriere ◽  
Fang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Treatment Effects ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Hippocampal Volume ◽  
Cognitive Outcome ◽  
Uncinate Fasciculus ◽  
White Matter Volume ◽  
Matter Volume ◽  
Memory Structures

AbstractChildren treated for medulloblastoma (MB) exhibit long-term impairments in declarative memory, but the pathophysiology underlying this is unclear. Previous studies report declines in global white matter volume, but have failed to link this to declines in memory performance. We examined the effects of treatment on measures ofglobalbrain structure (i.e., total white and gray matter volume) andspecificmemory structures (i.e., hippocampus and uncinate fasciculus). We used volumetric MRI and diffusion tensor imaging in pediatric survivors of MB and one survivor of astrocytoma treated with cranial-spinal radiation (n= 20), and healthy controls (n= 13). Compared to controls, the survivor group exhibited reduced white matter volume, damage to the uncinate fasciculus, and a smaller right hippocampus. Critically, reduced hippocampal volume was not related to differences in brain volume, suggesting that the hippocampus may be especially vulnerable to treatment effects. A subset of the survivors (n= 10) also underwent memory testing using the Children's Memory Scale (CMS). Performance on the general index of the CMS was significantly correlated with measures of hippocampal volume and uncinate fasciculus. The examination of treatment effects on specific brain regions provides a better understanding of long-term cognitive outcome in children with brain tumors, particularly medulloblastoma. (JINS, 2014,1, 1–13)

scholarly journals QOL-44. ASSESSMENT OF NEUROCOGNITIVE FUNCTION AND MRI PARAMETERS IN LONG-TERM SURVIVORS WITH POSTERIOR FOSSA TUMORS: A COMPARISON BETWEEN MEDULLOBLASTOMAS TREATED BY REDUCED-DOSE CRANIOSPINAL IRRADIATION AND OTHER TUMORS

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. iii439-iii439
Author(s):  
Naoki Kagawa ◽  
Takako Miyamura ◽  
Ryuichi Hirayama ◽  
Chisato Yokota ◽  
Tomoyoshi Nakagawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Posterior Fossa ◽  
Neurocognitive Function ◽  
Craniospinal Irradiation ◽  
White Matter Volume ◽  
Posterior Fossa Tumors ◽  
Matter Volume ◽  
Reduced Dose ◽  
Neurocognitive Functions

Abstract BACKGROUND Children with medulloblastoma cannot avoid chemoradiotherapy including craniospinal radiation, although prognosis of medulloblastoma has improved and previous studies have reported a significant risk of intellectual disturbance by these treatments. We retrospectively analysed neurocognitive functions, clinical MRI parameters of patients with posterior fossa tumors, especially medulloblastomas. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-two patients (12 medulloblastomas, 5 ependymomas, 5 astrocytomas) treated in our institution were enrolled in this study. Mean age was 7.8 years and 6.5 years, percentage of hydrocephalus at onset was 66.7% and 60%, respectively in medulloblastoma group and in other tumor group (ependymoma and astrocytoma). Postoperative chemoradiotherapy including reduced-dose craniospinal irradiation (18Gy) was done for medulloblastoma group and local radiation or operation only was done for other group. Version 3 or 4 of Wechsler Intelligent Scale for Children (WISC) was used by neurocognitive function analysis. Ventricular size, white matter volume and other parameters were also was estimated based on MRI. Follow-up duration was 6–17 years (mean: 10.5 years). RESULTS Evaluations of neurocognitive functions based on WISC pointed out lower performance IQ than verbal IQ in long term survivor of both group, especially working memory (P=0.05). Both hydrocephalus and cranial nerve complications was influenced lower scores of WISC, but age at onset did not influence WISC scores. Comparison between both group showed there was no significant difference about cognitive function and white matter volume.

scholarly journals Differential Impact of Cognitive Impairment in MCI Patients: A Case-Based Report

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 222-231
Author(s):  
Valentina Pergher ◽  
Birgitte Schoenmakers ◽  
Philippe Demaerel ◽  
Jos Tournoy ◽  
Marc M. Van Hulle
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Intermediate Stage ◽  
Cognitive Test ◽  
White Matter Volume ◽  
Matter Volume ◽  
Mri Scans ◽  
Cognitive Test Performance ◽  
The Impact

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) traditionally refers to an intermediate stage between healthy individuals and early Alzheimer disease. Evidence shows grey and white matter volume changes and decrease in several executive functions, albeit the relation between cognitive performance and brain volume remains unclear. Here, we discuss 3 individual cases of MCI by investigating their MRI scans and cognitive test performance. We also recruited age-matched healthy older adults serving as gold standard for both grey and white matter volume and cognitive test outcomes. Our results show the impact of cognitive impairment on cognitive test performance and grey and white matter volumes, and the role played by cognitive and brain reserve on mitigating cognitive decline. Furthermore, we add evidence to previous studies by showing an increase in white matter volume compared to healthy controls, in all 3 patients. This pattern of increased white matter volume might help us to better understand the pathological mechanisms underlying MCI which in turn could contribute to future investigations.

P833: Long-term physical activity is associated with precognitive somatosensory brain processing and white matter volume in male twins

2014 ◽  
Vol 125 ◽  
pp. S264-S265
Author(s):  
I. Tarkka ◽  
A. Savic ◽  
E. Niskanen ◽  
E. Pekkola ◽  
M. Rottensteiner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
White Matter ◽  
White Matter Volume ◽  
Matter Volume ◽  
Brain Processing

scholarly journals Cerebellar Cortex and Cerebellar White Matter Volume in Normal Cognition, Mild Cognitive Impairment, and Dementia

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1134
Author(s):  
Nauris Zdanovskis ◽  
Ardis Platkājis ◽  
Andrejs Kostiks ◽  
Oļesja Grigorjeva ◽  
Guntis Karelis
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Cerebellar Cortex ◽  
Cognitive Assessment ◽  
White Matter Volume ◽  
Cerebellar White Matter ◽  
Matter Volume ◽  
Gait Posture ◽  
Normal Cognition

The cerebellum is commonly viewed as a structure that is primarily responsible for the coordination of voluntary movement, gait, posture, and speech. Recent research has shown evidence that the cerebellum is also responsible for cognition. We analyzed 28 participants divided into three groups (9 with normal cognition, 9 with mild cognitive impairment, and 10 with moderate/severe cognitive impairment) based on the Montreal Cognitive Assessment. We analyzed the cerebellar cortex and white matter volume and assessed differences between groups. Participants with normal cognition had higher average values in total cerebellar volume, cerebellar white matter volume, and cerebellar cortex volume in both hemispheres, but by performing the Kruskal–Wallis test, we did not find these values to be statistically significant.

scholarly journals Preliminary Evidence for a Relationship between Elevated Plasma TNFα and Smaller Subcortical White Matter Volume in HCV Infection Irrespective of HIV or AUD Comorbidity

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 4953
Author(s):  
Natalie M. Zahr ◽  
Kilian M. Pohl ◽  
Allison J. Kwong ◽  
Edith V. Sullivan ◽  
Adolf Pfefferbaum
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Proinflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Soluble Protein ◽  
Subcortical White Matter ◽  
Control Group ◽  
White Matter Volume ◽  
Brain Volumes ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Matter Volume ◽  
Patient Groups

Classical inflammation in response to bacterial, parasitic, or viral infections such as HIV includes local recruitment of neutrophils and macrophages and the production of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Proposed biomarkers of organ integrity in Alcohol Use Disorders (AUD) include elevations in peripheral plasma levels of proinflammatory proteins. In testing this proposal, previous work included a group of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals as positive controls and identified elevations in the soluble proteins TNFα and IP10; these cytokines were only elevated in AUD individuals seropositive for hepatitis C infection (HCV). The current observational, cross-sectional study evaluated whether higher levels of these proinflammatory cytokines would be associated with compromised brain integrity. Soluble protein levels were quantified in 86 healthy controls, 132 individuals with AUD, 54 individuals seropositive for HIV, and 49 individuals with AUD and HIV. Among the patient groups, HCV was present in 24 of the individuals with AUD, 13 individuals with HIV, and 20 of the individuals in the comorbid AUD and HIV group. Soluble protein levels were correlated to regional brain volumes as quantified with structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In addition to higher levels of TNFα and IP10 in the 2 HIV groups and the HCV-seropositive AUD group, this study identified lower levels of IL1β in the 3 patient groups relative to the control group. Only TNFα, however, showed a relationship with brain integrity: in HCV or HIV infection, higher peripheral levels of TNFα correlated with smaller subcortical white matter volume. These preliminary results highlight the privileged status of TNFα on brain integrity in the context of infection.

scholarly journals Mapping of long-term cognitive and motor deficits in pediatric cerebellar brain tumor survivors into a cerebellar white matter atlas

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederik Grosse ◽  
Stefan Mark Rueckriegel ◽  
Ulrich-Wilhelm Thomale ◽  
Pablo Hernáiz Driever
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tumor ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Cerebellar Nuclei ◽  
Motor Deficits ◽  
Deep Cerebellar Nuclei ◽  
Cerebellar White Matter ◽  
Lesion Symptom Mapping

Abstract Purpose Diaschisis of cerebrocerebellar loops contributes to cognitive and motor deficits in pediatric cerebellar brain tumor survivors. We used a cerebellar white matter atlas and hypothesized that lesion symptom mapping may reveal the critical lesions of cerebellar tracts. Methods We examined 31 long-term survivors of pediatric posterior fossa tumors (13 pilocytic astrocytoma, 18 medulloblastoma). Patients underwent neuronal imaging, examination for ataxia, fine motor and cognitive function, planning abilities, and executive function. Individual consolidated cerebellar lesions were drawn manually onto patients’ individual MRI and normalized into Montreal Neurologic Institute (MNI) space for further analysis with voxel-based lesion symptom mapping. Results Lesion symptom mapping linked deficits of motor function to the superior cerebellar peduncle (SCP), deep cerebellar nuclei (interposed nucleus (IN), fastigial nucleus (FN), ventromedial dentate nucleus (DN)), and inferior vermis (VIIIa, VIIIb, IX, X). Statistical maps of deficits of intelligence and executive function mapped with minor variations to the same cerebellar structures. Conclusion We identified lesions to the SCP next to deep cerebellar nuclei as critical for limiting both motor and cognitive function in pediatric cerebellar tumor survivors. Future strategies safeguarding motor and cognitive function will have to identify patients preoperatively at risk for damage to these critical structures and adapt multimodal therapeutic options accordingly.

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