scholarly journals The structure of the symptoms of major depression: exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis in depressed Han Chinese women

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (7) ◽  
pp. 1391-1401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Li ◽  
S. Aggen ◽  
S. Shi ◽  
J. Gao ◽  
Y. Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
Chinese Women ◽  
Han Chinese ◽  
Psychiatric Interview ◽  
Symptom Dimensions ◽  
Psychiatric Syndrome ◽  
Dsm Iv

BackgroundThe symptoms of major depression (MD) are clinically diverse. Do they form coherent factors that might clarify the underlying nature of this important psychiatric syndrome?MethodSymptoms at lifetime worst depressive episode were assessed at structured psychiatric interview in 6008 women of Han Chinese descent, age ⩾30 years with recurrent DSM-IV MD. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatoryfactor analysis (CFA) were performed in Mplus in random split-half samples.ResultsThe preliminary EFA results were consistently supported by the findings from CFA. Analyses of the nine DSM-IV MD symptomatic A criteria revealed two factors loading on: (i) general depressive symptoms; and (ii) guilt/suicidal ideation. Examining 14 disaggregated DSM-IV criteria revealed three factors reflecting: (i) weight/appetite disturbance; (ii) general depressive symptoms; and (iii) sleep disturbance. Using all symptoms (n = 27), we identified five factors that reflected: (i) weight/appetite symptoms; (ii) general retarded depressive symptoms; (iii) atypical vegetative symptoms; (iv) suicidality/hopelessness; and (v) symptoms of agitation and anxiety.ConclusionsMD is a clinically complex syndrome with several underlying correlated symptom dimensions. In addition to a general depressive symptom factor, a complete picture must include factors reflecting typical/atypical vegetative symptoms, cognitive symptoms (hopelessness/suicidal ideation), and an agitated symptom factor characterized by anxiety, guilt, helplessness and irritability. Prior cross-cultural studies, factor analyses of MD in Western populations and empirical findings in this sample showing risk factor profiles similar to those seen in Western populations suggest that our results are likely to be broadly representative of the human depressive syndrome.

scholarly journals The centrality of DSM and non-DSM depressive symptoms in Han Chinese women with major depression

2018 ◽  
Vol 227 ◽  
pp. 739-744 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth S. Kendler ◽  
Steven H. Aggen ◽  
Jonathan Flint ◽  
Denny Borsboom ◽  
Eiko I. Fried
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
Chinese Women ◽  
Han Chinese

scholarly journals Subtypes of major depression: latent class analysis in depressed Han Chinese women

2014 ◽  
Vol 44 (15) ◽  
pp. 3275-3288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Li ◽  
S. Aggen ◽  
S. Shi ◽  
J. Gao ◽  
Y. Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depression ◽  
Latent Class Analysis ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Cultural Influences ◽  
Han Chinese ◽  
Class Analysis ◽  
Psychiatric Interview ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Low Levels

Background.Despite substantial research, uncertainty remains about the clinical and etiological heterogeneity of major depression (MD). Can meaningful and valid subtypes be identified and would they be stable cross-culturally?Method.Symptoms at their lifetime worst depressive episode were assessed at structured psychiatric interview in 6008 women of Han Chinese descent, age ⩾30 years, with recurrent DSM-IV MD. Latent class analysis (LCA) was performed in Mplus.Results.Using the nine DSM-IV MD symptomatic A criteria, the 14 disaggregated DSM-IV criteria and all independently assessed depressive symptoms (n = 27), the best LCA model identified respectively three, four and six classes. A severe and non-suicidal class was seen in all solutions, as was a mild/moderate subtype. An atypical class emerged once bidirectional neurovegetative symptoms were included. The non-suicidal class demonstrated low levels of worthlessness/guilt and hopelessness. Patterns of co-morbidity, family history, personality, environmental precipitants, recurrence and body mass index (BMI) differed meaningfully across subtypes, with the atypical class standing out as particularly distinct.Conclusions.MD is a clinically complex syndrome with several detectable subtypes with distinct clinical and demographic correlates. Three subtypes were most consistently identified in our analyses: severe, atypical and non-suicidal. Severe and atypical MD have been identified in multiple prior studies in samples of European ethnicity. Our non-suicidal subtype, with low levels of guilt and hopelessness, may represent a pathoplastic variant reflecting Chinese cultural influences.

scholarly journals Cognitive trio: relationship with major depression and clinical predictors in Han Chinese women

2013 ◽  
Vol 43 (11) ◽  
pp. 2265-2275 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Wang ◽  
L. Liu ◽  
S. Shi ◽  
J. Gao ◽  
Y. Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Chinese Women ◽  
Age At Onset ◽  
Cognitive Model ◽  
Han Chinese ◽  
Cognitive Symptoms ◽  
Clinical Predictors ◽  
Increased Risk

BackgroundPrevious studies support Beck's cognitive model of vulnerability to depression. However, the relationship between his cognitive triad and other clinical features and risk factors among those with major depression (MD) has rarely been systematically studied.MethodThe three key cognitive symptoms of worthlessness, hopelessness and helplessness were assessed during their lifetime worst episode in 1970 Han Chinese women with recurrent MD. Diagnostic and other risk factor information was assessed at personal interview. Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated by logistic regression.ResultsCompared to patients who did not endorse the cognitive trio, those who did had a greater number of DSM-IV A criteria, more individual depressive symptoms, an earlier age at onset, a greater number of episodes, and were more likely to meet diagnostic criteria for melancholia, postnatal depression, dysthymia and anxiety disorders. Hopelessness was highly related to all the suicidal symptomatology, with ORs ranging from 5.92 to 6.51. Neuroticism, stressful life events (SLEs) and a protective parental rearing style were associated with these cognitive symptoms.ConclusionsDuring the worst episode of MD in Han Chinese women, the endorsement of the cognitive trio was associated with a worse course of depression and an increased risk of suicide. Individuals with high levels of neuroticism, many SLEs and high parental protectiveness were at increased risk for these cognitive depressive symptoms. As in Western populations, symptoms of the cognitive trio appear to play a central role in the psychopathology of MD in Chinese women.

Predictors of Recovery From Major Depression Among Geriatric Psychiatry Inpatients: The Importance of Caregivers' Beliefs

1999 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin J. Casten ◽  
Barry W. Rovner ◽  
Yochi Shmuely-Dulitzki ◽  
Rona E. Pasternak ◽  
Rodney Pelchat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
Multivariate Analyses ◽  
Geriatric Psychiatry ◽  
Depression Treatment ◽  
Electroconvulsive Treatment ◽  
Caregiver Support ◽  
Important Relationship ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Course Of Depression

Caregiver support is an important factor in recovery from depression among older patients. We examined whether caregivers' perceptions regarding patients' ability to control depressive symptoms were related to depression recovery. Depression treatment, demographics, number of depressive symptoms, and health were controlled. The sample comprised 51 geriatric psychiatry inpatients who met DSM-IV criteria for major depression and who had a primary caregiver. Depression was assessed at both admission and discharge. Caregivers were asked to indicate whether they believed their patient-relatives could control their depressive symptoms. At discharge, 33 patients (64.7%) were “remitted” and 18 (35.3%) were “nonremitted.” Multivariate analyses indicated that receiving electroconvulsive treatment, having fewer depressive symptoms caregivers perceived to be within patient control, and being female predicted depression remission at discharge. This study highlights the important relationship between family dynamics and course of depression.

The prevalence, clinical correlates and structure of phobic fears in Han Chinese women with recurrent major depression

2014 ◽  
Vol 157 ◽  
pp. 92-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fuzhong Yang ◽  
Jianyin Qiu ◽  
Hongsu Zhao ◽  
Zhoubing Wang ◽  
Danhong Tao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depression ◽  
Chinese Women ◽  
Han Chinese ◽  
Clinical Correlates

Clinical features of and risk factors for major depression with history of postpartum episodes in Han Chinese women: A retrospective study

2015 ◽  
Vol 183 ◽  
pp. 339-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fuzhong Yang ◽  
Charles O. Gardner ◽  
Tim Bigdeli ◽  
Jingfang Gao ◽  
Zhen Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Chinese Women ◽  
Han Chinese ◽  
History Of

scholarly journals Suicidal Risk Factors of Recurrent Major Depression in Han Chinese Women

PLoS ONE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. e80030 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuzhang Zhu ◽  
Hongni Zhang ◽  
Shenxun Shi ◽  
Jingfang Gao ◽  
Youhui Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
Chinese Women ◽  
Han Chinese ◽  
Suicidal Risk

Response of Depressive Symptoms to Nortriptyline, Phenelzine and Placebo

1987 ◽  
Vol 151 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anastasios Georgotas ◽  
Robert E. Mccue ◽  
Eitan Friedman ◽  
Thomas B. Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
Diurnal Variation ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Diurnal Variation Of Mood ◽  
Better Than

The effects of nortriptyline, phenelzine, and placebo on 13 symptoms of depression were compared in 75 patients, aged 55 or over, who were suffering from major depression. Nortriptyline and phenelzine were more effective than placebo in treating depression mood, guilt feelings, suicidal ideation, agitation, anxiety, loss of energy, and a.m. diurnal variation of mood. Nortriptyline was better than phenelzine or placebo in improving middle/late insomnia. Most of the symptoms did not show significant improvement until the fourth week of treatment.

scholarly journals A comparison of the clinical characteristics of women with recurrent major depression with and without suicidal symptomatology

2012 ◽  
Vol 42 (12) ◽  
pp. 2591-2598 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Bi ◽  
X. Xiao ◽  
H. Zhang ◽  
J. Gao ◽  
M. Tao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depression ◽  
Suicide Attempt ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Chinese Women ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Severe Form ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
The Relationship

BackgroundThe relationship between recurrent major depression (MD) in women and suicidality is complex. We investigated the extent to which patients who suffered with various forms of suicidal symptomatology can be distinguished from those subjects without such symptoms.MethodWe examined the clinical features of the worst episode in 1970 Han Chinese women with recurrent DSM-IV MD between the ages of 30 and 60 years from across China. Student's t tests, and logistic and multiple logistic regression models were used to determine the association between suicidality and other clinical features of MD.ResultsSuicidal symptomatology is significantly associated with a more severe form of MD, as indexed by both the number of episodes and number of MD symptoms. Patients reporting suicidal thoughts, plans or attempts experienced a significantly greater number of stressful life events. The depressive symptom most strongly associated with lifetime suicide attempt was feelings of worthlessness (odds ratio 4.25, 95% confidence interval 2.9–6.3). Excessive guilt, diminished concentration and impaired decision-making were also significantly associated with a suicide attempt.ConclusionsThis study contributes to the existing literature on risk factors for suicidal symptomatology in depressed women. Identifying specific depressive symptoms and co-morbid psychiatric disorders may help improve the clinical assessment of suicide risk in depressed patients. These findings could be helpful in identifying those who need more intense treatment strategies in order to prevent suicide.

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