scholarly journals Childhood abuse and neglect in relation to the presence and persistence of psychotic and depressive symptomatology

2014 ◽  
Vol 45 (7) ◽  
pp. 1363-1377 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. S. van Dam ◽  
M. van Nierop ◽  
W. Viechtbauer ◽  
E. Velthorst ◽  
R. van Winkel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Childhood Abuse ◽  
Childhood Trauma ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Depressive Symptomatology ◽  
Positive Symptoms ◽  
Dose Response Relationship ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Abuse And Neglect ◽  
Positive And Negative Symptoms

BackgroundThe association between childhood trauma and psychotic and depressive symptomatology is well established. However, less is known about the specificity and course of these symptoms in relation to childhood trauma.MethodIn a large sample (n = 2765) of patients with psychosis (n = 1119), their siblings (n = 1057) and controls (n = 589), multivariate (mixed-effects) regression analyses with multiple outcomes were performed to examine the association between childhood trauma and psychotic and depressive symptomatology over a 3-year period.ResultsA dose–response relationship was found between childhood trauma and psychosis. Abuse was more strongly associated with positive symptoms than with negative symptoms whereas the strength of the associations between neglect and positive and negative symptoms was comparable. In patients, similar associations between childhood trauma and psychotic or depressive symptoms were found, and in siblings and controls, stronger associations were found between trauma and depressive symptomatology. Childhood trauma was not related to a differential course of symptoms over a 3-year time period.ConclusionsIn congruence with earlier work, our findings suggest that childhood trauma, and abuse in particular, is associated with (subthreshold) psychosis. However, childhood trauma does not seem to be associated with a differential course of symptoms, nor does it uniquely heighten the chance of developing (subthreshold) psychotic symptomatology. Our results indicate that trauma may instead contribute to a shared vulnerability for psychotic and depressive symptoms.

Relationship Between Childhood Trauma and Psychotic Symptoms in Patients with Schizophrenia

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S269-S269
Author(s):  
E.E. Kılıçaslan ◽  
A. Esen ◽  
M. Izci Kasal ◽  
E. Ozelci ◽  
B. Murat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Childhood Trauma ◽  
Stepwise Regression ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Depressive Symptomatology ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Positive Symptoms ◽  
Childhood Trauma Questionnaire

IntroductionThe association between childhood trauma and psychotic symptoms is still not clearly understood. Findings for positive and negative symptoms are confounding. This symptomatic response may differ according to the type of childhood trauma, for example childhood abuse was associated with positive symptoms while childhood neglect was associated with negative symptoms.ObjectivesThis study examined the relationship between childhood trauma and psychotic symptoms in schizophrenic patients after controlling for the possible confounding factors, such as clinical features, depression, and sleep quality.MethodsThe childhood trauma questionnaire – short form, Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia, Pittsburgh sleep quality index, and the suicidality subscale of mini-international neuropsychiatric interview were administered to 199 patients with schizophrenia. We used sequential multiple stepwise regression analyses in which positive symptoms, negative symptoms, overall psychopathology and total symptoms of schizophrenia were dependent variables.ResultsDepressive symptomatology and childhood physical abuse (CPA) significantly contributed to positive, negative, general psychopathology and global schizophrenia symptomatology. Stepwise regression analysis results are presented in Table 1.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that CPA during childhood could have an impact on psychopathology in schizophrenia.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals It is a family affair: individual experiences and sibling exposure to emotional, physical and sexual abuse and the impact on adult depressive symptoms

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Marie-Louise Kullberg ◽  
Charlotte van Schie ◽  
Eleonore van Sprang ◽  
Dominique Maciejewski ◽  
Catharina A. Hartman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Childhood Abuse ◽  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
Depressive Symptomatology ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Family ◽  
Abuse And Neglect ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Childhood abuse and neglect often occurs within families and can have a large influence on mental well-being across the lifespan. However, the sibling concordance of emotional abuse and neglect (i.e. together referred to as emotional maltreatment; EM), physical abuse (PA) and sexual abuse (SA) and the long-term impact on the context of siblings' maltreatment experiences are unclear. To examine the influence of EM, PA and SA on adult depressive symptoms within the family framework we differentiate between (a) the family-wide (mean level of all siblings) effects and (b) the individual deviation from the mean family level of maltreatment. Methods The sample (N = 636) consists of 256 families, including at least one lifetime depressed or anxious individual and their siblings. Multilevel modeling was used to examine the family-wide and relative individual effects of childhood maltreatment (CM). Results (a) Siblings showed most similarity in their reports of EM followed by PA. SA was mostly reported by one person within a family. In line with these observations, the mean family levels of EM and PA, but not SA, were associated with more depressive symptoms. In addition, (b) depression levels were more elevated in individuals reporting more EM than the family mean. Conclusions Particularly in the case of more visible forms of CM, siblings' experiences of EM and PA are associated with the elevated levels of adult depressive symptoms. Findings implicate that in addition to individual maltreatment experiences, the context of siblings' experiences is another crucial risk factor for an individuals' adult depressive symptomatology.

scholarly journals The Role of Personal Identity on Positive and Negative Symptoms in Psychosis: A Study Using the Repertory Grid Technique

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 572-580 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena García-Mieres ◽  
Anna Villaplana ◽  
Raquel López-Carrilero ◽  
Eva Grasa ◽  
Ana Barajas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Personal Identity ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Repertory Grid ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Positive Symptoms ◽  
Repertory Grid Technique ◽  
Grid Technique ◽  
Dichotomous Thinking ◽  
Positive And Negative Symptoms

Abstract Background People with psychosis experience disruptions in personal identity that affect positive and negative symptoms, but the complexity of these phenomena needs to be addressed in an in-depth manner. Using the Personal Construct Theory, we examined whether distinct dimensions of personal identity, as measured with the Repertory Grid Technique along with other cognitive factors, might influence psychotic symptomatology. Method Eighty-five outpatients with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders completed a repertory grid, an observed-rated interview of psychotic symptoms, and measures of cognitive insight, depressive symptoms, neurocognition, and theory of mind. Results Structural equation models revealed that interpersonal dichotomous thinking directly affected positive symptoms. Self-discrepancies influenced positive symptoms by mediation of depressive symptoms. Interpersonal cognitive differentiation and interpersonal cognitive richness mediated the impact of self-reflectivity and neurocognitive deficits in negative symptomatology. Conclusions This study is the first of its kind to examine the structure of personal identity in relation to positive and negative symptoms of psychosis. Results suggest interventions targeted to improving interpersonal dichotomous thinking, self-discrepancies, interpersonal cognitive differentiation, and interpersonal cognitive richness may be useful in improving psychotic symptoms.

scholarly journals The mediating role of depression in pathways linking positive and negative symptoms in schizophrenia. A longitudinal analysis using latent variable structural equation modelling

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 566-574 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Carrà ◽  
Cristina Crocamo ◽  
Francesco Bartoli ◽  
Matthias Angermeyer ◽  
Traolach Brugha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Latent Variable ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Positive Symptoms ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Equation Modelling ◽  
Longitudinal Association ◽  
Positive And Negative Symptoms

AbstractBackgroundThe interaction between positive, negative and depressive symptoms experienced by people with schizophrenia is complex. We used longitudinal data to test the hypothesis that depressive symptoms mediate the links between positive and negative symptoms.MethodsWe analyzed data from the European Schizophrenia Cohort, randomly sampled from outpatient services in France, Germany and the UK (N = 1208). Initial measures were repeated after 6 and 12 months. Depressive symptoms were identified using the Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia (CDSS), while positive and negative symptoms were assessed with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Latent variable structural equation modelling was used to investigate the mediating role of depression assessed at 6 months in relation to the longitudinal association between positive symptoms at baseline and negative symptoms at 12 months.ResultsWe found longitudinal associations between positive symptoms at baseline and negative symptoms at 12 months, as well as between both of these and CDSS levels at 6 months. However depression did not mediate the longitudinal association between PANSS scores; all the effect was direct.ConclusionsOur findings are incompatible with a mediating function for depression on the pathway from positive to negative symptoms, at least on this timescale. The role of depression in schizophrenic disorders remains a challenge for categorical and hierarchical diagnostic systems alike. Future research should analyze specific domains of both depressive and negative symptoms (e.g. motivational and hedonic impairments). The clinical management of negative symptoms using antidepressant treatments may need to be reconsidered.

Performance of patients with different schizophrenia subtypes on the Synthetic House–Tree–Person Test

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (11) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
AiBao Zhou ◽  
Pei Xie ◽  
ChaoChao Pan ◽  
Zhe Tian ◽  
Junwei Xie
Keyword(s):  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Positive Symptoms ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Symptom Type ◽  
Positive And Negative Symptoms

We explored differences in performance on the Synthetic House–Tree–Person Test between people with mainly positive symptoms and those with mainly negative symptoms of schizophrenia and, further, aimed to provide a basis for the diagnosis of schizophrenia symptom type. Participants were 58 people receiving treatment for schizophrenia, and we asked them to complete the Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms, the Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms, and the Synthetic House–Tree–Person Test. There were significant differences in results on the Synthetic House–Tree–Person Test between the group with positive symptoms, the group with a mix of positive and negative symptoms, and the group with negative symptoms. There were 12 features of participants' drawings, such as big hands, which were correlated with hallucinations and delusions in positive symptoms, and 9 features, such as trees in a landscape, which were correlated with avolition and anhedonia in negative symptoms. Our study results suggest differences in performance on the Synthetic House–Tree–Person Test between these different symptom subtypes of schizophrenia; hence, the features that appear in drawings made during the test may contribute to the diagnosis of symptoms of people with schizophrenia.

Evaluation of positive and negative symptoms in schizophrenia

1986 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 108-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy C. Andreasen ◽  
William M. Grove
Keyword(s):  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
The United States ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Positive Symptoms ◽  
University Of Iowa ◽  
Normal Functions ◽  
Subsequent Investigation ◽  
The University ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Positive And Negative Symptoms

SummaryMost investigators concur that schizophrenia is probably a heterogeneous group of disorders that share the common features of psychotic symptoms, partial response to neuroleptics, and a relatively poor outcome. The subdivision of schizophrenia into two subtypes, positive versus negative, has achieved wide acceptance throughout the world during recent years. This distinction has heuristic and theoretical appeal because it unites phenomenology, pathophysiology, and etiology into a single comprehensive hypothesis.In spite of its wide appeal, the distinction has a number of problems. These include the failure to distinguish between symptom syndromes and diseases; failure to deal with the mixed patient; failure to take longitudinal course into account; and failure to address conceptually and methodologically the distinction between positive and negative symptoms.This paper focuses primarily on the conceptual basis for two instruments designed to measure positive and negative symptoms, the Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS) and the Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms (SAPS), originally described in 1982. Since their description, these scales have been used in a variety of other centers. These scales are based on the hypothesis that negative symptoms represent a deficit or diminution in normal psychological functions wliile positive symptoms represent an excess or distortion of normal functions. Reliability data are now available from Italy, Spain, and Japan which suggest that these scales can be used reliably in cultural settings outside the United States. The results of these studies are summarized in this paper. In addition, a replication study involving a new sample of 117 schizophrenics collected at the University of Iowa is described. In this second study of the SANS and SAPS, internal consistency is found to be quite high in the SANS. Thus negative symptoms appear to be more internally correlated with one another than are positive symptoms. The implications of this result are discussed. A principal components analysis is used to explore the relationship between positive and negative symptoms. While the study reported in 1982 suggested that positive and negative symptoms are negatively correlated, in the present study they appear to be uncorrelated. Overall, the results suggest that the SANS and SAPS are useful comprehensive instruments for the evaluation of positive and negative symptoms. The relationship between these symptoms and external validators such as cognitive functioning or CT scan abnormalities will be reported in a subsequent investigation.

Differential effects of childhood abuse and neglect: Mediation by posttraumatic distress in neurotic disorder and negative symptoms in schizophrenia?

2011 ◽  
Vol 189 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Vogel ◽  
Johanna Meier ◽  
Stephanie Grönke ◽  
Marco Waage ◽  
Wolfgang Schneider ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Childhood Abuse ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Neurotic Disorder ◽  
Differential Effects ◽  
Posttraumatic Distress ◽  
Abuse And Neglect

Anti-DNA antibodies in the blood of patients with schizophrenia possess DNA-hydrolyzing activity

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. s247-s248
Author(s):  
E. Ermakov ◽  
L. Smirnova ◽  
L. Sinyanskii ◽  
D. Dobrygina ◽  
A. Semke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Dnase Activity ◽  
Positive Symptoms ◽  
Linear Forms ◽  
Dna Antibodies ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
Positive And Negative Symptoms

IntroductionAutoantibodies (Abs) to different neuronal receptors and DNA were detected in the blood of patients with schizophrenia. Abs hydrolyzing DNA were detected in pool of polyclonal autoantibodies in autoimmune and infectious diseases, such catalytic Abs were named abzymes.ObjectivesTo investigate the level of anti-DNA antibodies and DNA-hydrolyzing activity of IgG from the serum of patients with schizophrenia depending on leading clinical symptoms.Aims– To measure the concentration of anti-DNA Abs in serum of patients with leading positive and negative symptoms;– to determine DNA-hydrolyzing activity of IgG.MethodsIn our study, 51 patients were included. The levels of antiDNA Abs were determined using ELISA. DNA-hydrolyzing activity was detected as the level(%) of supercoiled pBluescript DNA transition in circular and linear forms. Statistical analysis was performed in “Statistica 9.0”.ResultsAnti-DNA Abs of patients with schizophrenia not only bind DNA, but quite efficiently hydrolyze the substrate. IgG of patient with schizophrenia were shown to possess DNA hydrolyzing activity. It should be noted that DNAase activity of IgG in patients with schizophrenia with a negative symptoms was significantly higher, than in patients with positive symptoms (Table 1).ConclusionsThe data show a correlation with the level of DNase activity and leading symptoms of patients with schizophrenia.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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