Latent classes of childhood trauma exposure predict the development of behavioral health outcomes in adolescence and young adulthood

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (15) ◽  
pp. 3305-3316 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. D. Ballard ◽  
K. Van Eck ◽  
R. J. Musci ◽  
S. R. Hart ◽  
C. L. Storr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Behavioral Outcomes ◽  
Trauma Exposure ◽  
Traumatic Experiences ◽  
Latent Classes ◽  
Psychiatric Outcomes ◽  
Adolescence And Young Adulthood

BackgroundTo develop latent classes of exposure to traumatic experiences before the age of 13 years in an urban community sample and to use these latent classes to predict the development of negative behavioral outcomes in adolescence and young adulthood.MethodA total of 1815 participants in an epidemiologically based, randomized field trial as children completed comprehensive psychiatric assessments as young adults. Reported experiences of nine traumatic experiences before age 13 years were used in a latent class analysis to create latent profiles of traumatic experiences. Latent classes were used to predict psychiatric outcomes at age ⩾13 years, criminal convictions, physical health problems and traumatic experiences reported in young adulthood.ResultsThree latent classes of childhood traumatic experiences were supported by the data. One class (8% of sample), primarily female, was characterized by experiences of sexual assault and reported significantly higher rates of a range of psychiatric outcomes by young adulthood. Another class (8%), primarily male, was characterized by experiences of violence exposure and reported higher levels of antisocial personality disorder and post-traumatic stress. The final class (84%) reported low levels of childhood traumatic experiences. Parental psychopathology was related to membership in the sexual assault group.ConclusionsClasses of childhood traumatic experiences predict specific psychiatric and behavioral outcomes in adolescence and young adulthood. The long-term adverse effects of childhood traumas are primarily concentrated in victims of sexual and non-sexual violence. Gender emerged as a key covariate in the classes of trauma exposure and outcomes.

Bipolar disorder during adolescence and young adulthood in a community sample

2000 ◽  
Vol 2 (3p2) ◽  
pp. 281-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter M Lewinsohn ◽  
Daniel N Klein ◽  
John R Seeley
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Adolescence And Young Adulthood

scholarly journals How Childhood Maltreatment Profiles of Male Victims Predict Adult Perpetration and Psychosocial Functioning

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 915-937 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly Cue Davis ◽  
N. Tatiana Masters ◽  
Erin Casey ◽  
Kelly F. Kajumulo ◽  
Jeanette Norris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Childhood Maltreatment ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Psychosocial Functioning ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Physical Neglect ◽  
Physical Maltreatment

This study used latent class analysis to empirically identify subgroups of men based on their exposure to childhood maltreatment (i.e., emotional neglect and abuse, physical neglect and abuse, and sexual abuse). It then examined subgroups’ differential perpetration of adult intimate partner violence (IPV; both psychological and physical), violence against peers, and sexual assault. Finally, we compared sociodemographic variables and psychosocial functioning across profiles to characterize the adult experiences of men in different maltreatment groups. The community sample consisted of 626 heterosexually active 21- to 30-year-old men. We identified four subgroups: Low Maltreatment (80% of the sample), Emotional and Physical Maltreatment (12%), Emotional and Sexual Maltreatment (4%), and Poly-Victimized (4%). The Low Maltreatment group had significantly lower IPV perpetration rates than the Emotional and Physical Maltreatment group, but groups did not significantly differ on peer violence or sexual assault perpetration rates. Overall, Poly-Victimized men were significantly worse off than the Low Maltreatment group regarding income, education level, and incarceration history. Their rates of recent anxiety and depression symptoms were also higher than those of Low Maltreatment men. Findings support the use of person-oriented techniques for deriving patterns of childhood maltreatment and how these patterns relate to psychological, behavioral, and social factors in adulthood.

scholarly journals Convergence and nonconvergence in the quality of adolescent relationships and its association with adolescent adjustment and young-adult relationship quality

2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 497-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin Jager
Keyword(s):  
Young Adult ◽  
Relationship Quality ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Romantic Partners ◽  
Adolescent Adjustment ◽  
Relationship Patterns ◽  
Adolescent Relationships ◽  
Adolescence And Young Adulthood

With the aim of identifying and examining both convergence (matched relationship quality across one’s set of relationships) and nonconvergence (mixed relationship quality across one’s set of relationships), the present study used a pattern-centered approach to examine the different ways adolescent relationships pattern together among a large, national sample of U.S. adolescents (aged 13–19). The study also examined how adolescent adjustment and young-adult relationship quality varied across the different relationship patterns or constellations. The current study used latent class analysis and data from Add Health ( n = 4,233), a national U.S. longitudinal study that spans adolescence and young adulthood, to uncover heterogeneity in adolescent relations with parents, friends, romantic partners, peers, and teachers. As predicted, patterns of both convergence and nonconvergence were found, though patterns of nonconvergence were more common than expected. Some patterns of nonconvergence appear more stable (i.e., similar pattern found during both adolescence and young adulthood) than others. Also, no “high” converging pattern was found, indicating that few adolescents have “first-rate” relations in every relational domain.

scholarly journals Classes of Intimate Partner Violence From Late Adolescence to Young Adulthood

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (21-22) ◽  
pp. 4419-4443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Saint-Eloi Cadely ◽  
Joe F. Pittman ◽  
Gregory S. Pettit ◽  
Jennifer E. Lansford ◽  
John E. Bates ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Transitional Period ◽  
Relationship Status ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Person Centered Approach

Researchers do not agree on how intimate partner violence (IPV) emerges and changes from adolescence to young adulthood. This may be because change in these behaviors varies across individuals. The present study uses a longitudinal, person-centered approach to examine whether there are multiple classes or patterns of change in the perpetration of IPV during the transitional period from adolescence (age 18) to young adulthood (age 25) using data collected annually from a community sample of 484 participants. Latent class analysis was the analytic approach used. Results revealed three patterns for psychological IPV (Little-to-None, Minor/Increasing, and Extensive/Increasing) and two patterns for physical IPV (Little-to-None and Extensive). Patterns varied greatly in number of representatives, although they were more balanced in size for psychological than physical IPV. Variations in IPV behaviors were also revealed across classes, although as expected in a community sample, minor forms of IPV were more common than severe forms. In addition, classes differed in demographic and relationship status variables. These findings suggest that IPV may occur in multiple distinct patterns as opposed to one average pattern across a population. This suggests that interventions for IPV may need to be geared to differences in patterns to enhance their efficacy.

Qeirat Values and Victim Blaming in Iran: The Mediating Effect of Culture-Specific Gender Roles

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Falahatpishe Baboli ◽  
Farzan Karimi-Malekabadi
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Gender Roles ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Romantic Partners ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Moral Foundations ◽  
Victim Blaming ◽  
Dress Code ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Iranian Context

Sexual assaults are a social problem in Iran; however, psychological factors that predict perceptions of sexual assault remain largely unexamined. Here, we examine the relationship between moral concerns, culture-specific gender roles and victim blaming in sexual assault scenarios in Iranian culture. Relying on Moral Foundations Theory and recent theoretical developments in moral psychology in Iranian context, we examined the correlations between five moral foundations (Care, Fairness, Loyalty, Authority, Purity), a culture-specific set of values called Qeirat (which includes guarding and (over)protectiveness of female kin, romantic partners, broader family, and country), and victim blaming. In a community sample of Iranians (N = 411), we found Qeirat values to be highly correlated with victim blaming, and that this link was mediated by a number of culture-specific proscriptions about women’s roles and dress code (i.e., Haya). In a regression analysis with all moral foundations, Qeirat values, Haya, and religiosity as predictors of victim blaming, only Haya, religiosity, high Authority values, and low Care values were found to predict how strongly Iranian participants blamed victims of sexual assault scenarios.

The Structure and Subtypes of Gambling Frequency: An Approach to Studying Associations with Different Gambling Behaviors

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Spencer Huggett ◽  
Evan Winiger ◽  
Rohan Palmer ◽  
John K. Hewitt ◽  
Robin P. Corley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sensation Seeking ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Gambling Behaviors ◽  
Pathways Model ◽  
The Common ◽  
Gambling Activities ◽  
Gambling Frequency

The multitude of gambling activities corresponds to heterogeneous ways of analyzing behavioral outcomes and may partially underlie the lack of replication in gambling research. The current study incorporated complementary analyses to provide an approach to investigate associations with multi-dimensional gambling data that we demonstrated in a discovery/community sample of 2,116 twins (54.86% female; Mage=24.90) and a replication/clinical sample of 619 siblings (30.37% female; Mage=28.00). Our proposed approach was twofold. First, we used confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs) to derive a general gambling frequency measure across eight gambling activities and to test the common liability hypothesis. Second, we conducted latent class analyses (LCAs) to derive gambling frequency subtypes and investigated their theoretical correspondence with the Pathways Model. Our study identified robust support for the common liability hypothesis of gambling, suggesting a shared mechanism for multiple gambling behaviors – including activities controversially defined as “gambling.” Using LCAs, we identified four novel gambling frequency subtypes with analogous behavioral profiles and correlates across samples and some resemblance with the Pathways Model. The subtype with the highest rates of problem gambling had a frequent appetite for particular gambling activities and demonstrated externalizing psychopathology comparable to the “antisocial impulsivist” pathway. Using co-twin control models, we determined that risk-taking, sensation seeking and antisocial personality disorder predicted gambling frequency above and beyond shared genetic and environmental factors. In sum, we illustrated the utility of multi-dimensional statistical techniques for disentangling the structure and typology of different gambling behaviors and discussed our results in context of the psychometric, empirical and theoretical implications.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document