scholarly journals Convergence and nonconvergence in the quality of adolescent relationships and its association with adolescent adjustment and young-adult relationship quality

2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 497-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin Jager
Keyword(s):  
Young Adult ◽  
Relationship Quality ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Romantic Partners ◽  
Adolescent Adjustment ◽  
Relationship Patterns ◽  
Adolescent Relationships ◽  
Adolescence And Young Adulthood

With the aim of identifying and examining both convergence (matched relationship quality across one’s set of relationships) and nonconvergence (mixed relationship quality across one’s set of relationships), the present study used a pattern-centered approach to examine the different ways adolescent relationships pattern together among a large, national sample of U.S. adolescents (aged 13–19). The study also examined how adolescent adjustment and young-adult relationship quality varied across the different relationship patterns or constellations. The current study used latent class analysis and data from Add Health ( n = 4,233), a national U.S. longitudinal study that spans adolescence and young adulthood, to uncover heterogeneity in adolescent relations with parents, friends, romantic partners, peers, and teachers. As predicted, patterns of both convergence and nonconvergence were found, though patterns of nonconvergence were more common than expected. Some patterns of nonconvergence appear more stable (i.e., similar pattern found during both adolescence and young adulthood) than others. Also, no “high” converging pattern was found, indicating that few adolescents have “first-rate” relations in every relational domain.

Latent classes of childhood trauma exposure predict the development of behavioral health outcomes in adolescence and young adulthood

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (15) ◽  
pp. 3305-3316 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. D. Ballard ◽  
K. Van Eck ◽  
R. J. Musci ◽  
S. R. Hart ◽  
C. L. Storr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Behavioral Outcomes ◽  
Trauma Exposure ◽  
Traumatic Experiences ◽  
Latent Classes ◽  
Psychiatric Outcomes ◽  
Adolescence And Young Adulthood

BackgroundTo develop latent classes of exposure to traumatic experiences before the age of 13 years in an urban community sample and to use these latent classes to predict the development of negative behavioral outcomes in adolescence and young adulthood.MethodA total of 1815 participants in an epidemiologically based, randomized field trial as children completed comprehensive psychiatric assessments as young adults. Reported experiences of nine traumatic experiences before age 13 years were used in a latent class analysis to create latent profiles of traumatic experiences. Latent classes were used to predict psychiatric outcomes at age ⩾13 years, criminal convictions, physical health problems and traumatic experiences reported in young adulthood.ResultsThree latent classes of childhood traumatic experiences were supported by the data. One class (8% of sample), primarily female, was characterized by experiences of sexual assault and reported significantly higher rates of a range of psychiatric outcomes by young adulthood. Another class (8%), primarily male, was characterized by experiences of violence exposure and reported higher levels of antisocial personality disorder and post-traumatic stress. The final class (84%) reported low levels of childhood traumatic experiences. Parental psychopathology was related to membership in the sexual assault group.ConclusionsClasses of childhood traumatic experiences predict specific psychiatric and behavioral outcomes in adolescence and young adulthood. The long-term adverse effects of childhood traumas are primarily concentrated in victims of sexual and non-sexual violence. Gender emerged as a key covariate in the classes of trauma exposure and outcomes.

scholarly journals Romantic Partner Alcohol Misuse Interacts With GABRA2 Genotype to Predict Frequency of Drunkenness in Young Adulthood

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamie M. Gajos ◽  
Michael A. Russell ◽  
H. Harrington Cleveland ◽  
David J. Vandenbergh ◽  
Mark E. Feinberg
Keyword(s):  
Young Adult ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Alcohol Misuse ◽  
Romantic Partners ◽  
Romantic Partner ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
High Incidence Rate ◽  
The Relationship

Previous research has identified the importance of romantic partners—including spouses, significant others, and dating partners—for influencing the engagement in health-risking behaviors, such as alcohol misuse during emerging adulthood. Although genetic factors are known to play a role in the development of young adult alcohol misuse, little research has examined whether genetic factors affect young adults’ susceptibility to their romantic partners’ alcohol misusing behaviors. The current study tests whether a single nucleotide polymorphism in the GABRA2 gene (rs279845) moderates the relationship between romantic partner alcohol misuse and frequency of drunkenness in young adulthood. Results revealed differential risk associated with romantic partner alcohol misuse and young adult drunk behavior according to GABRA2 genotype, such that individuals with the TT genotype displayed an elevated risk for frequency of drunkenness when romantic partner alcohol misuse was also high (incidence rate ratio = 1.06, p ⩽ .05). The findings demonstrate the potential for genetic factors to moderate the influence of romantic partners’ alcohol misuse on drunk behavior during the transition to young adulthood.

Body mass index, self-esteem and weight contentment from adolescence to young adulthood and women’s risk for sexually transmitted disease

Sexual Health ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 561 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Merten ◽  
Amanda L. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Adolescent And Young Adult ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Adolescence And Young Adulthood

Background Women’s risk for sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) were examined in terms of adolescent and young adult weight status, self-esteem trajectories and weight contentment using two waves of a nationally representative dataset. Methods: Using Waves 1 and 3 of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, body mass index (BMI), self-esteem and weight contentment were examined during adolescence and young adulthood to assess the likelihood of STDs among 4000 young adult single women. Results: Change in BMI, specifically weight loss between adolescence and young adulthood, significantly increased women’s risk for STDs. Continuously low self-esteem during adolescence and young adulthood significantly increased women’s risk for STDs. When women’s contentment with their weight decreased from adolescence to young adulthood, women’s risk for STDs was greater. Regardless of other variables, Black women were more likely to have an STD. Conclusions: Results suggest that women’s self-perception is important in reducing sexual risk; specifically, patterns of self-esteem, BMI and weight contentment across developmental periods should be a critical focus of research and practice related to adolescent and young adult sexual health. There are many known benefits to fostering self-esteem during adolescence and findings from this study add STD prevention among young women to this list. Results emphasise the needed prevention during adolescence to address self-perspective and self-esteem for the long-term sexual well-being of young women.

scholarly journals Physical Activity Levels for Girls and Young Adult Women versus Boys and Young Adult Men in Spain: A Gender Gap Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (15) ◽  
pp. 6265
Author(s):  
Xian Mayo ◽  
Antonio Luque-Casado ◽  
Alfonso Jimenez ◽  
Fernando del Villar
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
Adult Men ◽  
Adolescence And Young Adulthood ◽  
Age Range

Despite that the health benefits of physical activity (PA) are clear, during the last years, a noticeable plateau or slight increase in physical inactivity levels in Spanish adolescents and young adults has been reported. In addition, there seems to be a progressive reduction of the total PA performed with age in both adolescent and young women as well as adult men. We aimed to analyze these changes with age in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in a sample of Spanish adolescents and young adults within the age range of 15–24 years old (n = 7827), considering the gender and using the short form of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. For that, we implemented a two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) considering both the gender and the age group surveyed. Generally, our findings showed a reduction in the daily MVPA performed from adolescence to young adulthood in Spaniards. Within these reductions, girls reduce their PA levels at a different age and pace in adolescence and young adulthood in comparison to boys. Though girls were less active than boys in the 15–18 year age range, these differences were no longer significant at older ages. Our results point out the necessity of implementing different policy approaches based on gender (i.e., for girls and young women), since reductions in the MVPA performed occur at particular ages and paces in comparison to boys and young men. This difference indicates that the traditional approach during adolescence and young adulthood is inadequate for tackling physical inactivity without considering the population’s gender.

Smoking Trajectory Classes and Impact of Social Smoking Identity in Two Cohorts of U.S. Young Adults

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 258-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda L. Johnson ◽  
Andrea C. Villanti ◽  
Valerie Williams ◽  
Jessica M. Rath ◽  
Donna M. Vallone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Smoking Behavior ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Adolescent And Young Adult ◽  
Social Emotional ◽  
Growth Mixture ◽  
Effective Interventions ◽  
Smoking Patterns

This study describes cigarette smoking trajectories, the influence of social smoker self-identification (SSID), and correlates of these trajectories in two cohorts of U.S. young adults: a sample from the Chicago metropolitan area (Social Emotional Contexts of Adolescent and Young Adult Smoking Patterns [SECAP], n = 893) and a national sample (Truth Initiative Young Adult Cohort Study [YA Cohort], n = 1,491). Using latent class growth analyses and growth mixture models, five smoking trajectories were identified in each sample: in SECAP: nonsmoking ( n = 658, 73.7%), declining smoking ( n = 20, 2.2%), moderate/stable smoking ( n = 114, 12.8%), high/stable smoking ( n = 79, 8.9%), and escalating smoking ( n = 22, 2.5%); and in YA Cohort: nonsmoking ( n = 1,215, 81.5%), slowly declining smoking ( n = 52, 3.5%), rapidly declining smoking ( n = 50, 3.4%), stable smoking ( n = 139, 9%), and escalating smoking ( n = 35, 2.4%). SSID was most prevalent in moderate/stable smoking (35.5% SECAP), rapidly declining smoking (25.2% YA Cohort), and nonsmoking. Understanding nuances of how smoking identity is formed and used to limit or facilitate smoking behavior in young adults will allow for more effective interventions to reduce tobacco use.

scholarly journals Welchen Einfluss haben verschiedene Vatertypen auf den Verlauf der Symptombelastung ihrer Kinder? Eine Längsschnittuntersuchung an 14- bis 23-Jährigen

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-117
Author(s):  
Fabian Escher ◽  
Inge Seiffge-Krenke
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Youth Self Report ◽  
Internalizing Symptomatology ◽  
Adolescence And Young Adulthood

In a longitudinal study, the influence of three types of fathers on their children’s psychopathology in adolescence and young adulthood was analyzed. In a sample of 213 subjects, the symptomatology was evaluated at five points in adolescence (Youth Self-Report) and in young adulthood (Young Adult Self-Report). The results show elevated levels of internalizing symptomatology in females compared to males. Furthermore, the results point to significant problems in young adults who have described their father as increasingly negative or distant through adolescence. At all measurement points, these two groups show higher symptomatology than the group of young adults who have described their father as normative in adolescence. Zusammenfassung In einer Längsschnittstudie wurde der Einfluss dreier Vatertypen auf die Symptombelastung ihrer Kinder im Jugend- und im jungen Erwachsenenalter analysiert. An einer Stichprobe aus 213 Probanden wurde die Symptombelastung zu fünf Messzeitpunkten im Jugendalter (Youth Self- Report) und im jungen Erwachsenenalter (Young Adult Self-Report) untersucht. Die Ergebnisse der Studie zeigen erhöhte Werte in der internalisierenden Symptombelastung der weiblichen im Vergleich zu den männlichen Probanden. Des Weiteren weisen die Ergebnisse auf erhebliche Probleme bei jungen Erwachsenen, welche ihren Vater im Jugendalter als zunehmend negativ oder distanziert beschrieben haben, hin. In diesen beiden Gruppen zeigte sich zu allen Messzeitpunkten eine höhere Symptombelastung als in der Gruppe der jungen Erwachsenen, welche ihren Vater im Jugendalter als normativ beschrieben haben.

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