scholarly journals The set-shifting profiles of anorexia nervosa and autism spectrum disorder using the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (9) ◽  
pp. 1809-1827 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Westwood ◽  
D. Stahl ◽  
W. Mandy ◽  
K. Tchanturia
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Wisconsin Card Sorting Test ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Set Shifting ◽  
Card Sorting ◽  
Wisconsin Card Sorting ◽  
Sorting Test

Difficulties in set-shifting are commonly reported in both autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and anorexia nervosa (AN) populations. Despite this, it is not known whether this cognitive profile persists across different ages, or whether the profiles seen in ASD and AN are comparable. This systematic review and meta-analyses aimed to compare the set-shifting profiles, as measured by the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) in adults and younger people with either ASD or AN, relative to healthy controls (HCs) and to statistically compare performance on the WCST between ASD and AN. In all, 24 studies on ASD and 22 studies on AN were identified. In ASD, there were significant differences between the clinical group and HCs, with the ASD group making significantly more perseverative errors, indicating greater difficulty in set-shifting [pooled effect size ofd= 0.67, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.53–0.81,p⩽ 0.001]. This effect was consistent across the age span. For AN studies, there was a significant difference between adults with AN and HCs (d= 0.52, 95% CI 0.36–0.68,p⩽ 0.001) but a non-significant effect in child studies (d= 0.25, 95% CI −0.05 to 0.55,z= 1.66,p= 0.096). Meta-regression indicated no effect of diagnosis (AN or ASD) on performance in adult studies but there was a non-significant trend (p= 0.053) towards children with ASD performing worse than children with AN. While difficulties with set-shifting appear to be stable in ASD, there may be differences between children and adults with AN, which warrant further investigation.

scholarly journals Automatic Intra-/Extra-Dimensional Attentional Set-Shifting Task in Adolescent Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariasole Ciampoli ◽  
Diego Scheggia ◽  
Francesco Papaleo
Keyword(s):  
Executive Functions ◽  
Neuropsychological Test ◽  
Wisconsin Card Sorting Test ◽  
Set Shifting ◽  
Card Sorting ◽  
Attentional Set ◽  
Attentional Set Shifting ◽  
Wisconsin Card Sorting ◽  
Sorting Test ◽  
Set Shifting Task

Adolescence is a developmental period crucial for the maturation of higher-order cognitive functions. Indeed, adolescence deficits in executive functions are strong predictors of increased vulnerability to several mental disabilities later in life. Here, we tested adolescent mice in a fully-automated attentional set-shifting task equivalent to the humans’ Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) and the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery Intra-/Extra-Dimensional set-shift task (ID/ED). Compared to an adult, adolescent mice required more time to complete the task (≈16 days), and a higher percentage failed to finish the entire task. Nevertheless, adolescent mice completing this demanding task showed an increased effort in solving the extradimensional shift stage (EDS) compared to previous stages. Moreover, we found that this paradigm can be used to detect early cognitive dysfunctions in adolescent genetically modified mice. Thus, this automatic paradigm provides a further tool to assess attentional control in adolescent mice, and the development of dysfunctional executive functions from adolescence to adulthood.

Attentional set shifting modulates the target P3b Response in the Wisconsin card sorting test

2000 ◽  
Vol 38 (10) ◽  
pp. 1342-1355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Barceló ◽  
Juan M Muñoz-Céspedes ◽  
Miguel A Pozo ◽  
Francisco J Rubia
Keyword(s):  
Wisconsin Card Sorting Test ◽  
Set Shifting ◽  
Card Sorting ◽  
Attentional Set ◽  
Attentional Set Shifting ◽  
Wisconsin Card Sorting ◽  
Sorting Test

The impacts of physical activity intervention on physical and cognitive outcomes in children with autism spectrum disorder

Autism ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 190-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chien-Yu Pan ◽  
Chia-Hua Chu ◽  
Chia-Liang Tsai ◽  
Ming-Chih Sung ◽  
Chu-Yang Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Physical Activity Intervention ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Wisconsin Card Sorting Test ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Card Sorting ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

This study examined the effects of a 12-week physical activity intervention on the motor skill proficiency and executive function of 22 boys (aged 9.08 ± 1.75 years) with autism spectrum disorder. In Phase I of the 12 weeks, 11 boys with autism spectrum disorder (Group A) received the intervention, whereas the other 11 boys with autism spectrum disorder (Group B) did not (true control, no intervention). The arrangement was reversed in Phase II, which lasted an additional 12 weeks. The Bruininks–Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency, Second Edition, and the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test were conducted three times for each participant (Group A, primary grouping: baseline (T1), post-assessment (T2), and follow-up assessment (T3); Group B, control grouping: T1−T2; intervention condition, T2−T3). The main findings were that both groups of children with autism spectrum disorder significantly exhibited improvements in motor skill proficiency (the total motor composite and two motor-area composites) and executive function (three indices of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test) after 12 weeks of physical activity intervention. In addition, the effectiveness appeared to have been sustained for at least 12 weeks in Group A. The findings provide supporting evidence that physical activity interventions involving table tennis training may be a viable therapeutic option for treating children with autism spectrum disorder.

A non-human primate test of abstraction and set shifting: An automated adaptation of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test

2005 ◽  
Vol 146 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tara L. Moore ◽  
Ronald J. Killiany ◽  
James G. Herndon ◽  
Douglas L. Rosene ◽  
Mark B. Moss
Keyword(s):  
Wisconsin Card Sorting Test ◽  
Set Shifting ◽  
Card Sorting ◽  
Wisconsin Card Sorting ◽  
Sorting Test ◽  
Human Primate

Anorexia Nervosa and Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 114271
Author(s):  
Margherita Boltri ◽  
Walter Sapuppo
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder

Perseveration in schizophrenic patients: a neuropsychological approach for research

2000 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.G. Lanser ◽  
B.A. Ellenbroek ◽  
A.R. Cools ◽  
F.G. Zitman
Keyword(s):  
Wisconsin Card Sorting Test ◽  
Set Shifting ◽  
Card Sorting ◽  
Frontal Lobe Lesions ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Wisconsin Card Sorting ◽  
Animal Part ◽  
Sorting Test ◽  
Maintenance Problem

SUMMARYPerseveration is a core symptom of schizophrenia, the cause, however, is unknown. It has been shown that for people with frontal lobe lesions, perseveration can be explained with a set-maintenance problem. Perseveration in Parkinson's disease can be explained with problems shifting from one set to another without cues (set-shifting). These disorders can be distinguished using a two-choice task and the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, that is analysed in phases. Analogs of these tests can be used in animal research. By adding an animal part to the human research, more insight can be gained into the role of specific brain areas in set-maintenance and set-shifting.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document