Is auditory imagery defective in patients with auditory hallucinations?

2000 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. L. EVANS ◽  
P. K. McGUIRE ◽  
A. S. DAVID
Keyword(s):  
Inner Ear ◽  
Phonological Loop ◽  
Inner Speech ◽  
Auditory Imagery ◽  
Auditory Verbal Hallucinations ◽  
Inner Voice ◽  
Psychological Models ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Verbal Transformation

Background. A variant of the ‘inner speech’ theory of auditory verbal hallucinations in schizophrenia suggests that there is an abnormality of the relationship between the ‘inner voice’ and ‘inner ear’, such that hallucinators are unable to distinguish inner ‘imagined’ speech from real external speech, and so misrecognize inner speech as alien.Methods. Five experiments were carried out comparing 12 schizophrenic patients who were highly prone to hallucinate, with seven patients who were not, on a series of auditory imagery tasks that are differentially dependent on inner voice/inner ear partnership for successful performance: parsing meaningful letter/number strings; the verbal transformation effect; phoneme judgements; pitch judgements, and homophony and rhyme judgements.Results. Contrary to our hypothesis, there was no evidence that the group with the propensity to hallucinate were impaired on tasks requiring normal inner ear/inner voice partnership.Conclusions. Together with previous work indicating no impairment of the phonological loop in patients who hallucinate, these results suggest that inner speech and auditory verbal hallucinations are not connected in a simplistic or direct way. Indeed, a reappraisal of psychological models of hallucinations in general may be warranted.

Some Anticipatory, Kinesthetic, and Dynamic Aspects of Auditory Imagery

2019 ◽  
pp. 147-172
Author(s):  
Timothy L. Hubbard
Keyword(s):  
Inner Ear ◽  
Inner Speech ◽  
Auditory Imagery ◽  
Auditory Verbal Hallucinations ◽  
Musical Imagery ◽  
Dynamic Representation ◽  
Inner Voice ◽  
Performance Suggestions ◽  
Cognitive Activities ◽  
And Performance

Timothy Hubbard offers a discussion of recent findings related to auditory imagery. These findings allow Hubbard to focus on how auditory imagery can occur automatically and involuntarily and can be evoked by different activities and/or triggered by memories from previous musical exposure. Hubbard discusses different forms of auditory imagery (e.g., anticipatory musical imagery, earworms, notational audiation, inner speech, in silent reading of text, auditory verbal hallucinations), and he explores differences between the inner ear and the inner voice, possible contributions of subvocalization to auditory imagery, and potential of auditory imagery as a component in musical practice and performance. Suggestions that auditory imagery reflects dynamic representation are considered, and Hubbard speculates that auditory imagery has a more profound role in a wider range of cognitive activities than is commonly assumed.

The Neural Correlates of Inner Speech and Auditory Verbal Imagery in Schizophrenia: Relationship to Auditory Verbal Hallucinations

1996 ◽  
Vol 169 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. K. McGuire ◽  
D. A. Silbersweig ◽  
I. Wright ◽  
R. M. Murray ◽  
R. S. J. Frackowiak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Inner Speech ◽  
Middle Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Auditory Verbal Hallucinations ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Right ◽  
Verbal Imagery

BackgroundAuditory verbal hallucinations are thought to arise from the disordered monitoring of inner speech (thinking in words). We tested the hypothesis that a predisposition to verbal auditory hallucinations would be associated with an abnormal pattern of brain activation during tasks which involved the generation and monitoring of inner speech.MethodThe neural correlates of tasks which engaged inner speech and auditory verbal imagery were examined using positron emission tomography in (a) schizophrenic patients with a strong predisposition to auditory verbal hallucinations (hallucinators), (b) schizophrenic patients with no history of hallucinations (nonhallucinators), and (c) normal controls.ResultsThere were few between-group differences in activation during the inner speech task. However, when imagining sentences spoken in another person's voice, which entails the monitoring of inner speech, hallucinators showed reduced activation in the left middle temporal gyrus and the rostral supplementary motor area, regions which were strongly activated by both normal subjects and nonhallucinators (P<0.001). Conversely, when nonhallucinators imagined speech, they differed from both hallucinators and controls in showing reduced activation in the right parietal operculum.ConclusionsA predisposition to verbal hallucinations in schizophrenia is associated with a failure to activate areas implicated in the normal monitoring of inner speech, whereas the absence of a history of hallucinations may be linked to reduced activation in an area concerned with verbal prosody.

Epidemiological Evidence that Maternal Influenza Contributes to the Aetiology of Schizophrenia

1993 ◽  
Vol 163 (4) ◽  
pp. 522-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Adams ◽  
R. E. Kendell ◽  
E. H. Hare ◽  
P. Munk-Jørgensen
Keyword(s):  
Data Sets ◽  
Time Lags ◽  
Epidemiological Evidence ◽  
Intrauterine Development ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Monthly Incidence ◽  
Maternal Influenza

The epidemiological evidence that the offspring of women exposed to influenza in pregnancy are at increased risk of schizophrenia is conflicting. In an attempt to clarify the issue we explored the relationship between the monthly incidence of influenza (and measles) in the general population and the distribution of birth dates of three large series of schizophrenic patients - 16 960 Scottish patients born in 1932–60; 22 021 English patients born in 1921–60; and 18 723 Danish patients born in 1911–65. Exposure to the 1957 epidemic of A2 influenza in midpregnancy was associated with an increased incidence of schizophrenia, at least in females, in all three data sets. We also confirmed the previous report of a statistically significant long-term relationship between patients' birth dates and outbreaks of influenza in the English series, with time lags of - 2 and - 3 months (the sixth and seventh months of pregnancy). Despite several other negative studies by ourselves and others we conclude that these relationships are probably both genuine and causal; and that maternal influenza during the middle third of intrauterine development, or something closely associated with it, is implicated in the aetiology of some cases of schizophrenia.

Immunology of the inner ear: Response of the inner ear to antigen challenge

1983 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey P. Harris
Keyword(s):  
Inner Ear ◽  
Blood Brain Barrier ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanin ◽  
Host Immunity ◽  
Brain Barrier ◽  
Antigen Challenge ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship of the inner ear to host immunity and the immunoresponsiveness of the inner ear to antigen challenge were investigated. A radioimmunoassay was used to quantitate antibody titers to keyhole-limpet hemocyanin generated in the serum, perilymph, and CSF of guinea pigs following systemic or inner ear immunizations. The results of these experiments demonstrate (1) the blood-labyrinth barrier is analogous to the blood-brain barrier with respect to immunoglobulin equilibrium, (2) the inner ear is capable of responding to antigen challenge, and (3) the inner ear is an effective route for systemic immunization.

Insight and aggressive Behavior in acute Schizophrenic Patients

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S441-S441
Author(s):  
S. Campi ◽  
C. Esposito ◽  
P. andreassi ◽  
P. Bandinelli ◽  
P. Girardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aggressive Behavior ◽  
Treatment Compliance ◽  
Aggressive Behaviors ◽  
Self Monitoring ◽  
Poor Treatment ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Acute Patients

Introductionaggressive behavior in wards is associated to poor treatment compliance and low clinical insight. Most studies focused on the clinical and cognitive dimensions of insight, while the relationship between metacognitive dimension and aggressive behaviors was not investigated. Our aim was to understand what relationship occurs between dimensions of insight (metacognitive, cognitive, clinical), and specific aggressive behaviors in acute patients.Methodswe recruited 75 acute schizophrenic patients using: aQ; MO aS; IS; P aNSS; BCIS.Resultsa positive correlation between the IS score and the hostility, angry and physical aggression sub-scores of the aQ was highlighted, while no correlation between the score of IS and MO aS total score was found. No correlation between the score of the P aNSS G12 item and the aQ scores and MO aS was found, and no correlation between BCIS scores, MO aS and aQ scores was found.Conclusionsin our patients, a higher level of metacognitive insight, but not clinical nor cognitive insight, was associated to higher levels of hostility. we suggest that a higher ability to monitor and appraise one's own altered processes of thought and related discomfort, feeling of destabilization and loss of control, could contribute to enhance resentment and suspiciousness. Findings help develop specific therapeutic strategies to enhance metacognitive and self-monitoring abilities, helping patient's understanding of the illness, improving compliance with treatment, and patient's quality of life. Our results support the multidimensional nature of insight in schizophrenia, confirming that clinical, cognitive and metacognitive dimensions are independent though related facets of the phenomenon of insight in schizophrenia.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

The Empirical Heterogeneity of First Rank Symptoms in Schizophrenia

1982 ◽  
Vol 140 (5) ◽  
pp. 498-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Lewine ◽  
Robin Renders ◽  
Mark Kirchhofer ◽  
Ann Monsour ◽  
Norman Watt
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Homogeneous Group ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
First Rank Symptoms ◽  
The Relationship

SummaryFirst rank symptoms have assumed an important role in the assessment of schizophrenia. Only recently, however, have there been empirical studies of their reliability and validity. In this study, we examined the relationship between first rank and other psychiatric symptoms in 100 schizophrenic patients. The results are consistent with other research reports suggesting that first rank symptoms do not represent a homogeneous group of symptoms within an individual patient.

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