Immunology of the inner ear: Response of the inner ear to antigen challenge

1983 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey P. Harris
Keyword(s):  
Inner Ear ◽  
Blood Brain Barrier ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanin ◽  
Host Immunity ◽  
Brain Barrier ◽  
Antigen Challenge ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship of the inner ear to host immunity and the immunoresponsiveness of the inner ear to antigen challenge were investigated. A radioimmunoassay was used to quantitate antibody titers to keyhole-limpet hemocyanin generated in the serum, perilymph, and CSF of guinea pigs following systemic or inner ear immunizations. The results of these experiments demonstrate (1) the blood-labyrinth barrier is analogous to the blood-brain barrier with respect to immunoglobulin equilibrium, (2) the inner ear is capable of responding to antigen challenge, and (3) the inner ear is an effective route for systemic immunization.

scholarly journals Plasma and cerebrospinal fluid inflammation and the blood-brain barrier in older surgical patients: the Role of Inflammation after Surgery for Elders (RISE) study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarinnapha M. Vasunilashorn ◽  
◽  
Long H. Ngo ◽  
Simon T. Dillon ◽  
Tamara G. Fong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Blood Brain Barrier ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Brain Barrier ◽  
Markers Of Inflammation ◽  
Blood Brain ◽  
Csf Levels ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background Our understanding of the relationship between plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) remains limited, which poses an obstacle to the identification of blood-based markers of neuroinflammatory disorders. To better understand the relationship between peripheral and central nervous system (CNS) markers of inflammation before and after surgery, we aimed to examine whether surgery compromises the blood-brain barrier (BBB), evaluate postoperative changes in inflammatory markers, and assess the correlations between plasma and CSF levels of inflammation. Methods We examined the Role of Inflammation after Surgery for Elders (RISE) study of adults aged ≥ 65 who underwent elective hip or knee surgery under spinal anesthesia who had plasma and CSF samples collected at baseline and postoperative 1 month (PO1MO) (n = 29). Plasma and CSF levels of three inflammatory markers previously identified as increasing after surgery were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay: interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP), and chitinase 3-like protein (also known as YKL-40). The integrity of the BBB was computed as the ratio of CSF/plasma albumin levels (Qalb). Mean Qalb and levels of inflammation were compared between baseline and PO1MO. Spearman correlation coefficients were used to determine the correlation between biofluids. Results Mean Qalb did not change between baseline and PO1MO. Mean plasma and CSF levels of CRP and plasma levels of YKL-40 and IL-6 were higher on PO1MO relative to baseline, with a disproportionally higher increase in CRP CSF levels relative to plasma levels (CRP tripled in CSF vs. increased 10% in plasma). Significant plasma-CSF correlations for CRP (baseline r = 0.70 and PO1MO r = 0.89, p < .01 for both) and IL-6 (PO1MO r = 0.48, p < .01) were observed, with higher correlations on PO1MO compared with baseline. Conclusions In this elective surgical sample of older adults, BBB integrity was similar between baseline and PO1MO, plasma-CSF correlations were observed for CRP and IL-6, plasma levels of all three markers (CRP, IL-6, and YKL-40) increased from PREOP to PO1MO, and CSF levels of only CRP increased between the two time points. Our identification of potential promising plasma markers of inflammation in the CNS may facilitate the early identification of patients at greatest risk for neuroinflammation and its associated adverse cognitive outcomes.

scholarly journals A STUDY OF THE RELATIONSHIP OF THE SCROTAL SWELLING AND RICKETTSIA BODIES TO MEXICAN TYPHUS FEVER

1930 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ruiz Castaneda
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Human Case ◽  
Tunica Vaginalis ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
Scrotal Swelling ◽  
Typhus Fever ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The experiments recorded above have demonstrated the following points: 1. Scrotal swelling can appear in guinea pigs directly inoculated from a human case of Mexican typhus fever. 2. In certain strains of this disease, a number of generations of guinea pigs may show absolutely no scrotal swelling, which, however, may reappear in subsequent animals, suggesting—though not absolutely proving—that the scrotal swelling is an integral part of the disease and is not due to an incidental accompanying organism. If the latter were true, one would expect the organisms that caused the scrotal swelling to disappear during the negative generations. 3. A typhus fever sustained by a guinea pig without scrotal swelling protects against the swelling upon subsequent inoculation with a strain which produces this with considerable regularity. 4. Louse passage increases the capacity of a strain to produce the scrotal lesion, probably because of the considerable accumulation of rickettsia in the louse, but in the experiment noted, even after louse passage, two generations without swelling occurred, followed by reoccurrence of the swelling. We believe that these observations, taken together, can be interpreted in favour of the likelihood that the swelling is a part of the disease and that the rickettsia-like organisms described by Mooser in the tunica vaginalis have etiological significance.

Blood-brain barrier uptake of the 40 and 42 amino acid sequences of circulating Alzheimer's amyloid β in guinea pigs

1996 ◽  
Vol 206 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 157-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia L. Martel ◽  
Jasmina B. Mackic ◽  
J.Gordon McComb ◽  
Jorge Ghiso ◽  
Berislav V. Zlokovic
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Blood Brain Barrier ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Amyloid Β ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
Brain Barrier ◽  
Blood Brain
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document