The Impact of State Aid on Sectarian Higher Education: The Case of New York State

1986 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 264-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maureen Manion
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Private Colleges ◽  
Religious Affiliation ◽  
New York State ◽  
The United States ◽  
State Standards ◽  
State Aid ◽  
York State ◽  
Institutions Of Higher Learning ◽  
The Impact

New York State provides institutional aid to nonpublic institutions of higher learning within the context of its constitutional prohibitions against aid to denominational institutions. To qualify for state aid, New York's private colleges and universities must prove they are constitutionally eligible, a process which has prompted extensive self-evaiuation and frequently some changes by many of those institutions with traditional religious affiliation. State aid administrators have chosen to restrict their constitutional approach to state standards and ignore the United States Supreme Court's tripartite standards articulated inLemonv.Kurtzman, as modified by theTilton-Hunt-Roemerdecisions. The state law has been cautiously and diplomatically administered, but the possibility of future state “entanglement” with church-related institutions remains.

scholarly journals Medical Capacity Shortages Facilitated the Rapid Dissemination of COVID-19 in Wuhan, New York State, and Italy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuehao Xu ◽  
Cheng Zhang ◽  
Lixian Qian
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York State ◽  
The United States ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
York State ◽  
Travel Restrictions ◽  
Rapid Dissemination ◽  
City State ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

AbstractDuring the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak, every public health system faced the potential challenge of medical capacity shortages. Infections without timely diagnosis or treatment may facilitate the stealth transmission and spread of the virus. Using infection and medical capacity information reported in Wuhan in China, New York State in the United States, and Italy, we developed a dynamic susceptible–exposed–infected–recovered (SEIR) model to estimate the impact of medical capacity shortages during the COVID-19 outbreak at the city, state, and country levels. After accounting for the effects of travel restrictions and control measures, we find that the number of infections in Wuhan could have been 39% lower than the actual number if the medical capacity were doubled in this city. Similarly, we find the less shortages in medical capacity in both New York state and Italy, the faster decline in the daily infection numbers and the fewer deaths. This study provides a method for estimating potential shortages and explains how they may dynamically facilitate disease spreading during future pandemics such as COVID-19.

scholarly journals Medical Capacity Shortages Facilitated the Rapid Dissemination of COVID-19 in Wuhan, New York State, and Italy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuehao Xu ◽  
Cheng Zhang ◽  
Lixian Qian
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York State ◽  
The United States ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
York State ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Rapid Dissemination ◽  
City State ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background: During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak, every public health system faced the potential challenge of medical capacity shortages. Infections without timely diagnosis or treatment may facilitate the stealth transmission and spread of the virus. Important as the influence of capacity shortages on the epidemic, it is still unclear how they could intensify the spread of the epidemic qualitatively under different circumstances. Our study aims to throw light on this influence.Methods: Using infection and medical capacity information reported in Wuhan in China, New York State in the United States, and Italy, we developed a dynamic susceptible–exposed–infected–recovered (SEIR) model to estimate the impact of medical capacity shortages during the COVID-19 outbreak at the city, state, and country levels.Results: The proposed model can fit data well (R-square > 0.9). Through sensitivity analysis, we found that doubled capacity would lead to a 39% lower peak infected number in Wuhan. Italy and New York State have similar results.Conclusions: The less shortages in medical capacity, the faster decline in the daily infection numbers and the fewer deaths, and more shortage would lead to steepen infection curve. This study provides a method for estimating potential shortages and explains how they may dynamically facilitate disease spreading during future pandemics such as COVID-19. Based on this, policy makers may figure out some way to explore more medical capacity and control the epidemic better.

scholarly journals New York State and the Nation: Trends in Firearm Purchases and Firearm Violence During the COVID-19 Pandemic

2020 ◽  
pp. 000313482095482
Author(s):  
Megan R. Donnelly ◽  
Philip S. Barie ◽  
Areg Grigorian ◽  
Catherine M. Kuza ◽  
Sebastian Schubl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
New York State ◽  
The United States ◽  
Social Stressors ◽  
York State ◽  
Firearm Violence ◽  
The Us ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Impact

Background The impacts of social stressors on violence during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic are unknown. We hypothesized that firearm purchases and violence would increase surrounding the pandemic. This study determined the impact of COVID-19 and shelter-in-place (SIP) orders on firearm purchases and incidents in the United States (US) and New York State (NYS). Methods Scatterplots reflected trends in firearm purchases, incidents, and deaths over a 16-month period (January 2019 to April 2020). Bivariate comparisons of SIP and non-SIP jurisdictions before and after SIP (February 2020 vs. April 2020) and April 2020 vs. April 2019 were performed with the Mann-Whitney U test. Results The incidence of COVID-19 in the US increased between February and April 2020 from 24 to 1 067 660 and in NYS from 0 to 304 372. When comparing February to March to April in the US, firearm purchases increased 33.6% then decreased 22.0%, whereas firearm incidents increased 12.2% then again increased by 3.6% and firearm deaths increased 23.8% then decreased in April by 3.8%. In NYS, comparing February to March to April 2020, firearm purchases increased 87.6% then decreased 54.8%, firearm incidents increased 110.1% then decreased 30.8%, and firearm deaths increased 57.1% then again increased by 6.1%. In both SIP and non-SIP jurisdictions, April 2020 firearm purchases, incidents, deaths, and injuries were similar to April 2019 and February 2020 (all P = NS). Discussion Coronavirus disease 2019–related stressors may have triggered an increase in firearm purchases nationally and within NYS in March 2020. Firearm incidents also increased in NYS. SIP orders had no effect on firearm purchases and firearm violence.

Evaluating the impact of three incentive programs on the economics of cofiring willow biomass with coal in New York State

Energy Policy ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 337-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pradeep J Tharakan ◽  
Timothy A Volk ◽  
Christopher A Lindsey ◽  
Lawrence P Abrahamson ◽  
Edwin H White
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York State ◽  
York State ◽  
Incentive Programs ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals A statewide analysis of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in New York

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erica Lasek-Nesselquist ◽  
Navjot Singh ◽  
Alexis Russell ◽  
Daryl Lamson ◽  
John Kelly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
York City ◽  
New York State ◽  
The United States ◽  
York State ◽  
Multiple Introductions ◽  
The Public ◽  
Travel Restrictions ◽  
Westchester County

AbstractNew York State, in particular the New York City metropolitan area, was the early epicenter of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in the United States. Similar to initial pandemic dynamics in many metropolitan areas, multiple introductions from various locations appear to have contributed to the swell of positive cases. However, representation and analysis of samples from New York regions outside the greater New York City area were lacking, as were SARS-CoV-2 genomes from the earliest cases associated with the Westchester County outbreak, which represents the first outbreak recorded in New York State. The Wadsworth Center, the public health laboratory of New York State, sought to characterize the transmission dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 across the entire state of New York from March to September with the addition of over 600 genomes from under-sampled and previously unsampled New York counties and to more fully understand the breadth of the initial outbreak in Westchester County. Additional sequencing confirmed the dominance of B.1 and descendant lineages (collectively referred to as B.1.X) in New York State. Community structure, phylogenetic, and phylogeographic analyses suggested that the Westchester outbreak was associated with continued transmission of the virus throughout the state, even after travel restrictions and the on-pause measures of March, contributing to a substantial proportion of the B.1 transmission clusters as of September 30th, 2020.

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