Quackgrass (Agropyron repens) Interference on Corn (Zea mays)

Weed Science ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 226-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank L. Young ◽  
Donald L. Wyse ◽  
Robert J. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Agropyron Repens

Field studies were conducted to evaluate the effect of quackgrass [Agropyron repens(L.) Beauv. ♯ AGRRE] density and soil moisture on corn (Zea maysL.) growth and yield. Quackgrass densities ranging from 65 to 390 shoots/m2reduced corn yield 12 to 16%. A quackgrass density of 745 shoots/m2reduced corn yields an average of 37% and significantly reduced corn height, ear length, ear-fill length, kernels/row, rows/ear, and seed weight. In the soil moisture study, quackgrass was shorter than corn throughout the growing season, and analyses of corn leaf tissue indicated that quackgrass did not interfere with the nutrient status of the corn. In 1979, soil moisture was not limiting and corn yields were similar in all treatments regardless of irrigation or the presence of quackgrass. In 1980, soil moisture was limited and irrigation increased the yield of quackgrass-free corn. Irrigation also increased the yield of quackgrass-infested corn to a level similar to irrigated corn. When light and nutrients are not limiting factors, an adequate supply of soil moisture can eliminate the effects of quackgrass interference on the growth, development, and yield of corn.

scholarly journals The dependence of maize (Zea mays) hybrids yielding potential on the water amounts reaching the soil surface

Genetika ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 261-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Branka Kresovic ◽  
Vesna Dragicevic ◽  
Bosko Gajic ◽  
Angelina Tapanarova ◽  
Borivoj Pejic
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Water Capacity ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Water Amount

The aim of the present study was to observe the response of maize hybrids under rainfed and irrigation conditions of the soil in order to establish the dependence of yielding potential on the water amounts reaching the soil surface during the growing season. The four-replicate trail was set up according to the randomised complete-block design on chernozem. Pre-watering soil moisture was approximately 70% of field water capacity, and soil moisture was established thermogravimetrically. During the five-year studies, the following differences in yields could be as follows: 12.68 t ha-1 (ZP 341); 12.76 t ha-1 (ZP 434); 13.17 t ha-1 (ZP 578); 14.03 t ha-1 (ZP 684) and 13.75 t ha-1 (ZP 704) under conditions of 440 mm, 440 mm, 424 mm, 457 mm and 466 mm of water, respectively. The hybrid ZP 341, i.e. ZP 578 expressed the highest, i.e. the lowest tolerance in dry relative seasons, respectively. The reduction of the water amount for every 10 mm decreased the yield by 119.4 kg ha-1 (ZP 341), 156.7 kg ha-1 (ZP 434), 172.3 kg ha-1 (ZP 578), 148.9 kg ha-1 (ZP 684) and 151.1 kg ha-1 (ZP 704).

Application Timing for Weed Control in Corn (Zea mays) with Dicamba Tank Mixtures

1997 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 602-607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Spandl ◽  
Thomas L. Rabaey ◽  
James J. Kells ◽  
R. Gordon Harvey
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Giant Foxtail ◽  
Corn Grain ◽  
Corn Grain Yield

Optimal application timing for dicamba–acetamide tank mixes was examined in field studies conducted in Michigan and Wisconsin from 1993 to 1995. Dicamba was tank mixed with alachlor, metolachlor, or SAN 582H and applied at planting, 7 d after planting, and 14 d after planting. Additional dicamba plus alachlor tank mixes applied at all three timings were followed by nicosulfuron postemergence to determine the effects of noncontrolled grass weeds on corn yield. Delaying application of dicamba–acetamide tank mixes until 14 d after planting often resulted in lower and less consistent giant foxtail control compared with applications at planting or 7 d after planting. Corn grain yield was reduced at one site where giant foxtail control was lower when application was delayed until 14 d after planting. Common lambsquarters control was excellent with 7 or 14 d after planting applications. At one site, common lambsquarters control and corn yield was reduced by application at planting. Dicamba–alachlor tank mixes applied 7 d after planting provided similar weed control or corn yield, while at planting and 14 d after planting applications provided less consistent weed control or corn yield than a sequential alachlor plus dicamba treatment or an atrazine-based program.

Response of Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense) and Imidazolinone-Resistant Corn (Zea mays) to AC 263,222

1999 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 484-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W. Wilcut ◽  
John S. Richburg ◽  
F. Robert Walls
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Sorghum Halepense ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Redroot Pigweed ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Ac 263,222 ◽  
Large Crabgrass

Field studies were conducted in 1992 and 1993 to evaluate AC 263,222 applied postemergence (POST) alone and as a mixture with atrazine or bentazon for weed control in imidazolinone-resistant corn. Nicosulfuron alone and nicosulfuron plus atrazine were also evaluated. Herbicide treatments were applied following surface-banded applications of two insecticides, carbofuran or terbufos at planting. Crop sensitivity to POST herbicides, corn yield, and weed control was not affected by insecticide treatments. AC 263,222 at 36 and 72 g ai/ha controlled rhizomatous johnsongrass 88 and 99%, respectively, which was equivalent to nicosulfuron applied alone or with atrazine. AC 263,222 at 72 g/ha controlled large crabgrass 99% and redroot pigweed 100%, and this level of control exceeded that obtained with nicosulfuron alone. AC 263,222 at 72 g/ha controlled sicklepod and morningglory species 99 and 98%, respectively. Nicosulfuron alone or with atrazine controlled these two species less than AC 263,222 at 72 g/ha. Addition of bentazon or atrazine to AC 263,222 did not improve control of any species compared with the higher rate of AC 263,222 at 72 g/ha applied alone. Corn yield increased over the untreated control when POST herbicide(s) were applied, but there were no differences in yield among herbicide treatments.

Effect of pH, Nitrogen, and Tillage on Weed Control and Corn (Zea mays) Yield

Weed Science ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 719-722 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Kells ◽  
R. L. Blevins ◽  
C. E. Rieck ◽  
W. M. Muir
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Linear Effect ◽  
Surface Soil Ph

Field studies were conducted to determine the effect of soil surface (upper 5 cm) pH and tillage on weed control and corn (Zea maysL.) yield using simazine [2-chloro-4,6-bis-(ethylamino)-s-triazine] as the herbicide for weed control. Soil pH, weed control, and corn yield were examined under no-tillage and conventional tillage systems with and without added lime and different rates of nitrogen. Increased soil pH significantly increased weed control as compared with added lime vs. no added lime, where the surface soil pH influenced the effectiveness of the applied simazine. Soil pH had a greater effect on weed control under no-tillage than under conventional tillage. Conventional tillage significantly (P<.01) increased weed control, yield, and soil pH over no-tillage. Additions of lime as compared to unlimed treatments resulted in significantly increased weed control (83% vs. 63%), yield (5,930 vs. 5,290 kg/ha) and soil pH (5.91 vs. 5.22). The poorest weed control was observed with no-tillage on unlimed plots. A significant tillage by linear effect of nitrogen interaction for all variables resulted from a greater decrease (P<.01) in weed control and soil pH and a greater increase in yield with increased nitrogen under no-tillage than with conventional tillage.

Postemergence Broadleaf Weed Control in Corn (Zea mays) with CGA-152005

1996 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 689-698 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle R. Obermeier ◽  
George Kapusta
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Sulfonylurea Herbicide ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Redroot Pigweed ◽  
Growing Conditions

Field studies were conducted in 1993 and 1994 to evaluate broadleaf weed control in corn with the sulfonylurea herbicide CGA-152005, CGA-152005 was applied at 10 to 50 g ai/ha alone and in combination with 2,4-D, dicamba, or atrazine. No corn injury was observed either year. Metolachlor plus CGA-152005 controlled redroot pigweed, velvetleaf, and common cocklebur 95% or more in 1993 and 1994. Common lambsquarters and ivyleaf morningglory control was dependent on CGA-152005 rate, weed size at application, and growing conditions. In 1994, control of velvetleaf and ivyleaf morningglory with CGA-152005 at 10 or 20 g/ha was less when applied as a tank-mix with atrazine and dicamba compared with when it was applied alone, probably due to antagonism caused by the companion herbicide. Generally, corn yield was related to weed control.

A FIELD COMPARISON STUDY OF AMMONIUM PHOSPHATES AND SUPERPHOSPHATE–UREA OR AMMONIUM NITRATE ON CORN (ZEA MAYS L.) GROWTH IN FIVE QUEBEC SOILS

1978 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. OKALEBO ◽  
A. F. MacKENZIE
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Comparison Study ◽  
P Content ◽  
Leaf P

Effects of mono-, diammonium, and superphosphate with added urea or ammonium nitrate on corn (Zea mays L.) growth were studied in the field in 1971 and 1972. At the rate of 100 kg P2O5/ha, none of the carriers affected emergence of seedlings in five Quebec soils. Leaf P content at silking time was of little benefit in predicting P status of the plants, or in differentiating among the carriers. Phosphorous applications gave significant corn yield increases, with carriers performing alike when averaged over all sites. However, some yield differences among carriers occurred on some soil types and seasons. These carrier differences were not consistent and remain to be clarified. The ammonium phosphates compared with the check generally hastened maturity but reduced potassium levels in leaf tissue of corn.

scholarly journals High Soil Moisture and Low Soil Temperature Are Associated with Chlorosis Occurrence in Concord Grape

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 418-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan R. Davenport ◽  
Robert G. Stevens
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Bud Burst ◽  
Concord Grape

Leaf yellowing (chlorosis) is not unique to Concord grape, yet occurs with great intensity in the arid, irrigated central Washington state growing region. Past research on nutrients has not shown a clear cause and effect relationship between soil and/or plant nutrient status and chlorosis. We investigated both nutritional and climatic conditions for their association with chlorosis occurrence. Six vineyard sites were selected, 2 each with no history of chlorosis (achlorotic), occasional chlorosis, and annually reoccuring chlorosis (chronically chlorotic) and monitoring sites in chlorotic and achlorotic areas were established. Nutrient elements K, Ca, Mg, Mn, and Cu plus the nonnutrient elements Na and Al were monitored in soil (surface, 0 to 30 cm, and subsurface, 30 to 75 cm, depths) and leaf tissue (both petioles and blades) prebud burst (soil only), at bloom, and preveraison at 650 degree days at all vineyard sites for the 2001, 2002, 2003, and 2004 growing seasons. In addition, both soil temperature and moisture were monitored. To evaluate the intensity of chlorosis at each site, chlorotic vines were GPS marked and mapped post-bloom each year. Overall, chlorosis incidence was more widespread in 2001 and 2003 than in 2002 or 2004. There were few relationships with soil or tissue nutrient concentrations. However, soil moisture was consistently higher and soil temperature lower in the period between bud burst and bloom in the chlorotic sites. This suggests that a cold, wet soil environment prior to bloom impedes grape root growth and/or function and triggers plant chlorosis. Yearly differences strongly support this finding.

Wild Proso Millet (Panicum miliaceum) Control in Processing Peas (Pisum sativum) and Soybeans (Glycine max)

Weed Science ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 365-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory R. Mcnevin ◽  
R. Gordon Harvey
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Panicum Miliaceum ◽  
Proso Millet ◽  
High Plant Density ◽  
Dinitroaniline Herbicides

Field studies in 1978 and 1979 evaluated the effectiveness of single and combination herbicide treatments in processing peas (Pisum sativumL.) and soybeans [Glycine max(L.) Merr.] for the control of wild proso millet (Panicum miliaceumL.). Eight treatments that included dinitroaniline herbicides controlled wild proso millet adequately through the entire growing season of the early-planted peas (approximately 60 days). Wild proso millet emergence and growth in untreated peas was suppressed by the early emergence, rapid growth, and high plant density of the drill-planted crop. Trifluralin (α,α,α-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-p-toluidine) at 0.8 kg/ha stunted pea growth and was the only treatment that reduced yields significantly. No herbicide treatment evaluated in soybeans controlled wild proso millet adequately for the entire growing season without reducing soybean growth and yield. Treatments containing dinitroaniline herbicides, which controlled wild proso millet in peas and resulted in good yield, did not perform similarly in soybeans.

Postemergence Weed Control in Corn (Zea mays) with Nicosulfuron Combinations

1993 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 844-850 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony F. Dobbels ◽  
George Kapusta
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Redroot Pigweed ◽  
Giant Foxtail ◽  
Growing Conditions

Field studies were conducted at Carbondale and Belleville, IL to evaluate weed control in corn with a total POST herbicide program. Nicosulfuron was applied at 24 and 35 g/ha alone and in combination with 2,4-D, dicamba, bromoxynil, bentazon, atrazine, and bentazon, bromoxynil, and dicamba plus atrazine. Nicosulfuron controlled 98 to 100% of giant foxtail both years at both locations. Control of giant foxtail was reduced when nicosulfuron at 24 g/ha was applied as a tank-mix with atrazine, and with bentazon, bromoxynil, or dicamba plus atrazine at Belleville in 1991. Also, bentazon plus atrazine with nicosulfuron at 35 g/ha reduced control of giant foxtail. Control of common lambsquarters, jimsonweed, and velvetleaf was dependent on nicosulfuron rate, companion herbicide, and growing conditions. Nicosulfuron alone or as a tank-mix with the companion herbicides controlled redroot pigweed 100% at both sites both years but control of yellow nutsedge was less than 50%. Corn yield was related to level of weed control obtained in most instances.

Possible Causes of Dry Pea Synergy to Corn

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 438-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randy L. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Concentration ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Foxtail Millet ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Biological Factors ◽  
Weed Interference ◽  
Preceding Crop ◽  
Corn Grain

Dry pea improves corn yield and tolerance to weed interference compared with soybean, spring wheat, or canola as preceding crops. To understand this synergy between dry pea and corn, growth and nutrient concentration of corn were examined following dry pea or soybean in sequence. Each corn plot was split into weed-free and weed-infested subplots, with foxtail millet established at one density to provide uniform weed interference. Compared with soybean, dry pea improved corn grain yield 10% in weed-free conditions and corn tolerance to weed interference more than twofold. Dry pea synergy to corn in weed-free conditions was not related to differences in corn development, height, or nutrient status of corn seedlings. When foxtail millet was present, dry pea increased corn height and rate of development late in the growing season compared with soybean. Improved corn tolerance to weed interference was not related to seedling emergence or growth of foxtail millet, as these parameters did not vary with preceding crop. Other biological factors must be involved in dry pea synergy to corn.

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