Effect of Stage of Growth on Metribuzin Tolerance

Weed Science ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 612-615 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.F. da Silva ◽  
G.F. Warren
Keyword(s):  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Solanum Melongena ◽  
Datura Stramonium ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
True Leaf ◽  
Resistant Species ◽  
Polygonum Lapathifolium ◽  
Common Purslane

Six species of Solanaceae including tomato (Lycopersicon esculentumMill ‘Campbell 28′) were sprayed in the greenhouse at weekly intervals for 4 weeks starting when tomato plants had one true leaf. All species gained tolerance to metribuzin [4-amino-6-tert-butyl-3-(methylthio)-as-triazine-5(4H)one] with age but tomato and black nightshade (Solarium nigrumL.) were the most tolerant and gained tolerance fastest with age. Jimsonweed (Datura stramoniumL.) and eggplant (Solanum melongenaL. ‘Black Beauty’) were the most susceptible species and the ones that gained least tolerance with age. Potato (Solanum tuberosumL.) from true seeds and pepper (Capsicum annuumL. ‘Yolo wonder’) were intermediate in tolerance. In the field, tomato and nine weed species planted in separate plots and kept free from competition were sprayed at weekly intervals starting when tomato plants had one true leaf. Tomato, large crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinales(L.) Scop.), ivyleaf morningglory (Ipomoea hederaceae(L.) Jacq.) and yellow foxtail (Setaria glauca(L.) Beauv.) were the most resistant species to metribuzin and the ones that gained tolerance fastest with age. The most susceptible weeds were velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrastiMedic), common purslane (Portulaca oleraceaL.), pale smartweed (Polygonum lapathifoliumL.), redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexusL.), common lambsquarters (Chenopodium albumL.), and jimsonweed. Low amounts of sunlight during the 3 days before spraying greatly reduced the resistance of tomato to metribuzin.

scholarly journals Mesotrione: A new herbicide for use in maize

Pesticidi ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 245-256
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Elezovic ◽  
Milan Stevic ◽  
Katarina Jovanovic-Radovanov
Keyword(s):  
Foliar Application ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Datura Stramonium ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Xanthium Strumarium ◽  
Experimental Sample ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Polygonum Lapathifolium ◽  
Lepidium Draba

In 2000 and 2001 field trials were carried out to evaluate the efficacy of herbicide mesotrione in maize. The experiments were established in Zemun Polje and Smederevska Palanka, according to EPPO/OEPP standard methods. Trade formulation Callisto (a.i. mesotrione 480 g/L) used as a experimental sample in two doses 0.15 L/ha and 0.25 L/ha for pre-em, and 0.15 L/ha adjuvant; 0.25 L/ha + adjuvant and 0.25 L/ha alone for foliar application. The most sensitive weed species were: Adonis aestivalis, Amaranthus retroflexus, Cirsium arvense, Chenopodium album, Chenopodium hibridum Lepidium draba, Brassica nigra, Datura stramonium, Kickia spuria, Polygonum lapathifolium, Sinapis arvensis, Solanum nigrum, Stachys annua i Xanthium strumarium.

Response of Weed Seeds to Ethylene and Related Hydrocarbons

Weed Science ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. B. Taylorson
Keyword(s):  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Active Form ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Hydrocarbon Gases ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Setaria Faberi ◽  
Redroot Pigweed ◽  
Giant Foxtail ◽  
Common Purslane

AbstractGermination of seeds of 10 grass and 33 broadleaved weed species was examined for response to ethylene. Germination was promoted in nine species, inhibited in two, and not affected in the remainder. Of the species promoted, common purslane (Portulaca oleraceaL.), common lambsquarters (Chenopodium albumL.), and several Amaranths, including redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexusL.), were affected most. Transformation of phytochrome to the active form (Pfr) gave interactions that ranged from none to syntergistic with the applied ethylene. In subsequent tests seeds of purslane, redroot pigweed, and giant foxtail (Setaria faberiHerrm.), a species not responsive to ethylene, were examined for germination response to 14 low molecular weight hydrocarbon gases other than ethylene. Some stimulation by the olefins propylene and propadiene was found for purslane and pigweed. Propionaldehyde and butyraldehyde were slightly stimulatory to purslane only.

Rhythmic Leaf Movements of Some Common Weeds

Weed Science ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 401-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert N. Andersen ◽  
Willard L. Koukkari
Keyword(s):  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Continuous Light ◽  
Datura Stramonium ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Rhythmic Pattern ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Rhythmic Movements ◽  
Wild Mustard ◽  
Dark Regime ◽  
Leaf Movements

In growth chamber studies, we measured the movement of cotyledons and leaves or leaflets in seedlings of nine weed species to determine: the magnitude of movement, whether movements followed a rhythmic pattern, and if rhythmic movements were endogenously controlled. Seedlings were always entrained under a 15-h light:9-h dark regime. Measurements were made at 3-h intervals for 3 to 4 days under four light regimes: alternating 15-h light:9-h dark; continuous light; one 15-h light:9-h dark span, followed by continuous light; and a 15-h light:9-h dark regime, in which the dark span was advanced 9 h (phase shift) when measurements were begun. No clearly defined pattern of leaf movement was found in wild mustard [Brassica kaber(DC.) L. C. Wheeler var.pinnatifida(Stokes) L. C. Wheeler]. Daily rhythmic leaf movements that did not appear to be endogenously controlled were found in redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexusL.) and black nightshade (Solanum nigrumL.). Circadian rhythmic leaf movements that appeared to be under endogenous control were found in jimson-weed (Datura stramoniumL.), common lambsquarters (Chenopodium albumL.), common cocklebur (Xanthium pensylvanicumWallr.), prickly sida (Sida spinosaL.), sicklepod (Cassia obtusifoliaL.), and coffee senna (Cassia occidentalisL.).

Comparison of the Photosynthetic Capacity between Intact Leaves of Triazine-Resistant and -Susceptible Biotypes of Six Weed Species

1984 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 440-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.L.P. van Oorschot ◽  
P.H. van Leeuwen
Keyword(s):  
Photosynthetic Capacity ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Solanum Nigrum ◽  
Poa Annua ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Stellaria Media ◽  
Rate Of Photosynthesis ◽  
Intact Leaves ◽  
Polygonum Lapathifolium

The rate of photosynthesis in intact leaves of a triazine-resistant biotype of Amaranthus retroflexus was about 15% lower than that of a triazine-susceptible biotype. Differences in photosynthesis between resistant and susceptible biotypes of Polygonum lapathifolium, Poa annua and Solanum nigrum were not significant, and absent in Chenopodium album and Stellaria media. The results are brought in relation to the appearance of resistant biotypes in the field.

scholarly journals STUDY OF WEED FLORA OF MAIZE CROPS IN THE NISAVA DISTRICT

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 340-345
Author(s):  
Jelica Živić ◽  
Milić Vojinović ◽  
Ivica Stančić ◽  
Saša Petrović
Keyword(s):  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Datura Stramonium ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Ambrosia Artemisiifolia ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Convolvulus Arvensis ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
Cultivated Plant ◽  
The Right

The damage from the present weeds in maize crop is shown by the reduction of yield in almost every year and their suppression is completely economically justified. The right selection of herbicides mostly depends on the presence of dominant weed species and the time of application. The paper presents the distribution and existence of economically harmful, invasive and quarantine weed species (Abutilon theophrasti, Agropyrum repens, Amaranthus retroflexus, Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Capsela bursa-pastoris, Chenopodium album, Chenopodium hybridum, Cirsium arvense, Convolvulus arvensis, Datura stramonium, Avena fatua, Calystegia sepium, …) on ten locations of maize crops in the Nisava district. Estimation of the species presence was done in two shootings (May and August) on scale 1-4 (1 - species appears individually and occupy up to 5% of the surface, 2 - appears and occupies 5-25% of the surface, 3 - appears often and occupies 25-50% of the surface, 4 - the species prevails over the cultivated plant and occupies over 50% of the surface).

scholarly journals Weed Flora of Cherry, Walnut, Apple, Almond and Pear Orchards in Northwestern Marmara Region of Turkey

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 2252
Author(s):  
Bahadır Şin ◽  
Lerzan Öztürk ◽  
Nur Sivri ◽  
Gürkan Güvenç Avcı ◽  
İzzet Kadıoğlu
Keyword(s):  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Datura Stramonium ◽  
Viscum Album ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Marmara Region ◽  
Raphanus Raphanistrum ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Lactuca Serriola ◽  
Cuscuta Campestris ◽  
Weed Flora

A study covering cherry, walnut, apple, almond and pear orchards in Edirne, Kırklareli and Tekirdağ provinces was carried out in 2015-2018 with the aim of determination of weed flora, weed frequencies and densities. Total of 64 species belonging to 30 families were identified in fruit tree orchards. Among all the families the most members were in Asteraceae 13 species, Poaceae, 11 species, Brassicaceae 5 species and Lamiaceae 3 species families. The dominant weed species were Amaranthus retroflexus L., Polygonum aviculare L., Capsella-bursa pastoris L. (Medik)., Concolvulus arvensis L., Lepidium draba L., Raphanus raphanistrum L., Chenopodium album L., Cichorium intybus L. in Tekirdağ while Datura stramonium L. distribution in Edirne Uzunköprü and Kırklareli was remarkably high. Semi parazitic weed Viscum album and full parasite Cuscuta campestris Yunck were also detected in some orchards. V. album was widespread among pear trees while Cuscuta campestris Yunck was detected only in suckers emerged in apple and cherry orchards. According to density A. retroflexus has received the first order with 76 plant/m2, following C. album with 54 plant/m2, Lactuca serriola with 27 plant/m2, D. stramonium L. with 24 plant/m2, Portulaca oleracea with 21 plant/m2

STUDY OF WEED FLORA OF MAIZE CROPS IN THE NISAVA DISTRICT

2018 ◽  
pp. 231-236
Author(s):  
Jelica Živić ◽  
Milić Vojinović ◽  
Ivica Stančić ◽  
Saša Petrović
Keyword(s):  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Datura Stramonium ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Ambrosia Artemisiifolia ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Convolvulus Arvensis ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
Cultivated Plant ◽  
The Right

The damage from the present weeds in maize crop is shown by the reduction of yield in almost every year and their suppression is completely economically justified. The right selection of herbicides mostly depends on the presence of dominant weed species and the time of application. The paper presents the distribution and existence of economically harmful, invasive and quarantine weed species (Abutilon theophrasti, Agropyrum repens, Amaranthus retroflexus, Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Capsela bursa-pastoris, Chenopodium album, Chenopodium hybridum, Cirsium arvense, Convolvulus arvensis, Datura stramonium, Avena fatua, Calystegia sepium …) on ten locations of maize crops in the Nisava district. Estimation of the species presence was done in two shootings (May and August) on scale 1-4 (1 - species appears individually and occupy up to 5% of the surface, 2 - appears and occupies 5-25% of the surface, 3 - appears often and occupies 25-50% of the surface, 4 - the species prevails over the cultivated plant and occupies over 50% of the surface).

scholarly journals Weed Interference Affects Dry Bean Yield and Growth

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 70-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossein GHAMARI ◽  
Goudarz AHMADVAND
Keyword(s):  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Weed Competition ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Dry Bean ◽  
Logistic Equations ◽  
Weed Interference ◽  
Minimum Number

Dry bean is one of the most important pulse crops in Iran. Field study was conducted in 2011 to evaluate effects of weed competition from a natural flora on growth and yield of dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). The treatments consisted of weed infestation and weed removal periods (10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 days) after crop emergence. Control plots kept weed-infested and weed-free throughout growing season. To assess the weed competition effect on crop characteristics, Richards, Gompertz and logistic equations were fitted to the data. The most abundant weed species were Chenopodium album and Amaranthus retroflexus. Increase in duration of weed interference decreased the stem height of dry bean. At the end of the growing season, dry bean was 20 cm taller in season-long weed-free treatment compared to the season-long weed-infested treatment. As the number of days of weed interference increased, a declining trend of LAI and number of pods was observed. The minimum number of pods was obtained in season-long weed-infested treatment (5.01 pods/plant). Weed interference during the whole growing season, caused a 60% reduction in yield. Considering 5% and 10% acceptable yield lost, the critical period of weed competition was determined from 20 to 68 and 23 to 55 days after planting (DAE), respectively.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Propargyl Bromide as a Soil Fumigant

HortScience ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 1212-1216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inga A. Zasada ◽  
Clyde L. Elmore ◽  
Lani E. Yakabe ◽  
James D. MacDonald
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Bromide ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Propargyl Bromide ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Convolvulus Arvensis ◽  
Common Purslane ◽  
Soil Fumigants ◽  
Citrus Nematode

The cut flower and bulb industry in California is an important part of the state's agricultural economy and it has relied heavily upon the use of methyl bromide as a treatment to control soil-borne pests. With the phase out of methyl bromide, it is important to develop alternatives that will maintain crop productivity. This report describes research testing the efficacy of propargyl bromide against selected nematode, fungal, and weed species. Three sites were selected in California to represent different soil types and environments. Propargyl bromide was applied to soil in large, buried containers at rates ranging from 28 to 168 kg·ha−1 and compared with standard soil fumigants. The citrus nematode (Tylenchulus semipenetrans Cobb) and an isolate of Fusarium oxysporum Schlechtend:Fr were both controlled at the lowest rate of propargyl bromide tested: 28 kg·ha−1. Weed species varied greatly in their sensitivity to propargyl bromide. A 100% reduction in common purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) and pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) germination occurred at 112 kg·ha−1 propargyl bromide, regardless of geographical location. Results for annual bluegrass (Poa annua L.) control were more variable across locations and years, but more than 90% control was consistently achieved with 168 kg·ha−1 propargyl bromide. Cheeseweed (Malva parviflora L.) and field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis L.) were never consistently controlled by propargyl bromide. When compared with the soil fumigants methyl bromide, iodomethane, and metam sodium, propargyl bromide provided comparable control of all soil-borne pests, but at much lower rates. Although higher rates of propargyl bromide, more than 112 kg·ha−1, were needed to control weeds, these rates still were almost half that required of the other standard fumigants.

scholarly journals Weed Management in Transplanted Bell Pepper (Capsicum annuum) with Pretransplant Tank Mixes of Sulfentrazone, S-metolachlor, and Dimethenamid-p

HortScience ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 1492-1494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darren E. Robinson ◽  
Kristen McNaughton ◽  
Nader Soltani
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Ambrosia Artemisiifolia ◽  
Bell Pepper ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Excellent Control

Pepper growers currently have limited access to many effective broadleaf herbicides. Field trials were conducted over a 3-year period in Ontario to study the effect of tank mixtures of sulfentrazone (100 or 200 g·ha−1 a.i.) with either s-metolachlor (1200 or 2400 g·ha−1 a.i.) or dimethenamid-p (750 or 1500 g·ha−1 a.i.) on transplanted bell pepper. Under weed-free conditions, there was no visual injury or reduction in plant height, fruit number, fruit size, or marketable yield of transplanted pepper with pretransplant applications of sulfentrazone applied in tank mixtures with s-metolachlor or dimethenamid-p. The tank mixture of sulfentrazone + s-metolachlor gave greater than 85% control of redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus) and eastern black nightshade (Solanum ptycanthum), but only 70% to 76% control of velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti), common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia), and common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album). The combination of sulfentrazone + dimethenamid-p provided good to excellent control of all weed species except velvetleaf. Based on this study, sulfentrazone and dimethenamid-p have potential for minor use registration in pepper.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document