Effect of Soil pH on Degradation, Movement, and Plant Uptake of Chlorsulfuron

Weed Science ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 328-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R. Fredrickson ◽  
Patrick J. Shea
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Plant Uptake ◽  
Degradation Rate ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Silty Clay Loam ◽  
Leaching Potential ◽  
Incubation Study ◽  
Ph Range ◽  
Layer Chromatography

The influence of soil pH on the uptake, degradation, and movement of chlorsulfuron {2-chloro-N-[[(4-methoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)amino] carbonyl] benzenesulfonamide} in soil was examined. Phytotoxicity decreased as pH increased in a silty clay loam with an adjusted pH range of 5.9 to 7.5. Fresh weights of sorghum [Sorghum bicolor(L.) Moench. ‘Funks G-499 GBR’] shoots grown in soil at pH 7.5 and containing 0.8 or 1.6 ppbw chlorsulfuron were not different from the controls while large differences occurred at pH 5.9. Uptake of14C-chlorsulfuron by wheat (Triticum aestivumL. ‘Centurk’) in a silty clay loam with a pH of 5.9 was 67 to 100% greater than at pH 7.5. Soil pH strongly influenced the degradation rate of chlorsulfuron in a laboratory incubation study. Chlorsulfuron half-life in a silty clay loam was 1.9 weeks at pH 5.6 and 10 weeks at pH 7.5. Soil thin-layer chromatography indicated a high leaching potential for chlorsulfuron, and mobility increased as soil pH was increased.

scholarly journals Soil pH Affects Growth and Nutrient Content of Grapes

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 827B-827
Author(s):  
Maru K. Kering ◽  
Martin L. Kaps*
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Coarse Sand ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Silty Clay Loam ◽  
Foliar Symptoms ◽  
Vitis Aestivalis ◽  
Ph Range

The grape cultivars Vidal blanc, a French-American hybrid, and Norton, primarily Vitis aestivalis, were transplanted to 19-L pots with soil amended to pH 4.5, 5.9, 7.2, and 8.5. The soil was a mixture of coarse sand and a silty clay loam in the proportion 2 to 1. The experiment was a randomized complete block with two treatments (cultivar, soil pH) and six replications. The objectives of the experiment were to determine vegetative growth and nutrient content of the two cultivars at varying soil pH, and the soil pH within those tested that optimized growth. Vidal blanc was superior to Norton in all growth measurements after 94 days. At pH 7.2 and 8.5, significant reductions in shoot length; leaf area; and leaf, shoot and root dry weights occurred for Norton but not for Vidal blanc. Trends toward lower P, Mg, Fe, and MN and higher B occurred at pH 8.5. Foliar symptoms of Mg and Fe deficiency were noticed for Norton at this elevated pH but not for Vidal blanc. The pH range 5.9 to 7.2 for Norton and 7.2 to 8.5 for Vidal blanc appeared to optimize growth for these two cultivars.

EFFECT OF pH ON PLANT UPTAKE AND SOIL ADSORPTION OF 14C-FLURIDONE

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 435-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. MALIK ◽  
D. S. H. DRENNAN
Keyword(s):  
Soil Solution ◽  
Plant Uptake ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Organic Soil ◽  
Solution Concentration ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Silty Clay Loam ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Soil Adsorption

Experiments were conducted to obtain a better understanding of the role of pH on the availability of fluridone (1-methyl-3-phenyl-5-[3-(trifluoromethyl) phenyl]-4(1 H)-pyridinone) in soil solution when used as a selective herbicide and the partitioning into aqueous and sediment phases when employed for aquatic plant control. Phytotoxicity of fluridone to seedling sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) plants increased with increasing pH of the sand-nutrient solution medium. Since stability and plant uptake of fluridone by bioassay plants were not affected by solution pH, the increasing phytotoxicity at basic pH was attributed to less adsorption and hence higher availability of the herbicide in solution. Soil adsorption studies with 14C-fluridone confirmed this trend, as the soil solution concentration at equilibrium increased from 0.091 to 0.258 μg mL−1 and from 0.216 to 0.354 μg mL−1, respectively, as pH of a sandy loam and silty clay loam increased from 3 to 9. In contrast, adsorption on the sandy loam and silty clay loam for the same pH range decreased from 4.108 to 2.435 μg g−1 and from 2.850 to 1.484 μg g−1, respectively. Smaller but significant changes in adsorption were also observed for an organic soil over this range. Key words: Herbicide, fluridone, pH, uptake, soil adsorption

Soil pH Effect on Imazaquin Persistence in Soil

1996 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 337-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian H. Marsh ◽  
Randy W. Lloyd
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Ph Effect ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Critical Levels ◽  
Silty Clay Loam ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Corn Grain

Field studies were conducted to determine the effect of soil pH ranging from 5.1 to 7.1 on imazaquin persistence on a Grundy silty clay loam (2.8% OM). Imazaquin residues were equivalent at pH 5.5 or higher but persisted longer at pH 5.1. Corn shoot growth was not different at any soil pH. Corn grain yields in 1993 were lower in imazaquin-treated plots than in the check plots at the lowest pH (5.1), where initial imazaquin soil concentrations were between 10 and 13 μg/kg across all pH levels. Corn grain yields were not affected by herbicide carryover in 1994 where soil imazaquin residues were well below critical levels at planting. Yields were lower where soil pH was less than 5.5.

Atrazine Degradation in Two Soil Profiles

Weed Science ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. W. Roeth ◽  
T. L. Lavy ◽  
O. C. Burnside
Keyword(s):  
Degradation Rate ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Solution Culture ◽  
Side Chain ◽  
Soil Profiles ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Silt Loam ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Silty Clay Loam ◽  
Culture Studies

Degradation of 2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-isopropyl-s-triazine (atrazine) was studied in the 0 to 9, 14 to 24, and 36 to 48-inch depths of Sharpsburg silty clay loam and Keith silt loam soils. The effects of moisture, temperature, and microorganisms on degradation were observed. Atrazine was degraded two to three times faster in the topsoils than in the subsoils. Each 10 C temperature increase from 15 to 35 C caused the degradation rate to increase two to three times in these soils. Increasing the moisture content of the soils from 0.4 to 0.8 field capacity caused 14CO2 evolution from chain-labeled atrazine-14C treated soils to increase zero to six times. At 25 C and 0.8 field capacity, 100 to 194 atrazine molecules were detoxified for each molecule evolved as 14CO2 from chain-labeled atrazine. Solution culture studies showed cleavage of the side chain and ring of atrazine-14C except in the 14 to 24 and 36 to 48-inch depths of Keith silt loam.

Adsorption, Mobility, and Degradation of Cyanazine and Diuron in Soils

Weed Science ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 401-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.T. Majka ◽  
T.L. Lavy
Keyword(s):  
Adsorption Isotherm ◽  
Fine Sand ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Field Soil ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Soil Columns ◽  
Silty Clay Loam ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
Comparable Time

In the field, surface applied cyanazine 2-[[4-chloro-6-(ethylamino)-s-triazin-2-yl] amino]-2-methylpropionitrile and diuron [3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea] did not move below 5 cm in a Monona silty clay loam (Typic Hapludoll) which received 20 cm of water over a 54-day period. In hand-packed soil columns in the laboratory, surface-applied diuron and cyanazine penetrated to depths of 10 and 20 cm, respectively, when leached over a comparable time period and with amounts of water similar to that used in the field. Soil thin layer chromatography and adsorption isotherm studies showed that diuron was adsorbed more strongly than was cyanazine. In general, both compounds were degraded more rapidly at the higher temperatures when incubated at 5, 20, 35, and 50 C over a 20-week period. Degradation was slowest at 5 C in a Valentine loamy fine sand (Typic Ustipsamment). Diuron appeared to break down most readily at 35 C. Cyanazine was usually decomposed by the 10th week at 5 C and the 5th week at higher temperatures.

Effect The Treatments of Biofertilizer and Mineral Fertilizer on Content of N P K of Soil Cultivated With Crop Corn (Zea Mays L).

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-256
Author(s):  
Mohammed Aajmi Salman ◽  
Jawad A. Kamal Al-Shibani
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Potassium Fertilizer ◽  
Clay Loam Soil ◽  
Silty Clay Loam ◽  
Fall Season ◽  
Loam Soil

Beneficial microorganisms play a key role in the availability of ions minerals in the soil and use Randomized Complete Block Desing ( R.C.B.D ). The objective of this paper to the study effect of the of biofertilizer and miniral treatments on availability of NPK for crop corn zea mays L.Two types of biofertilizer are Bacterial Bacillus subtilis and Fungal Trichoderma harianum. Three levels of potassium fertilizer are (2.9533, 0.4000 and 2.9533). A field experiment in fall season of 2018 Has been conducted in silty clay loam soil. The experimental Results indicated that Bacillus and Trichoderma inoculation separately or together Have made a significant effect to increase in the availability of N P K in the soil compare to other treatments. The grain yield is where (2.9533, 0.4000 and 2.9533) of bacterial and fungal bio-fertilizer and potassium fertilizers respectively as compared to the control.

scholarly journals Soil quality of the tea and apple-growing sites in Mindat District, Chin state, Myanmar: A preliminary study

2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-40
Author(s):  
Yaung Kwee ◽  
Khin Soe
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Subtropical Climate ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Silty Clay Loam ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Very High ◽  
Physicochemical Properties Of Soils

In this study, two sites from tea and apple growing sites were collected from Pyay village and Nine Mile village, Mindat district, Chin state of West Myanmar under a humid subtropical climate. The results of physicochemical properties of observed soils were neutral pH, favorable moisture, silty clay loam texture, very high content of organic carbon, organic matter and total nitrogen. However, the tea growing soil was very poor in phosphorus and potassium content. Moreover, both soils lack of available potassium. The content of heavy metals in both soils was not varied from each other and followed the order: Fe (iron) > Cu (copper) >Zn (zinc) > Pb (lead) > Cr (chromium) and was below the maximum allowed concentrations (MAC). Therefore, the studied soils are generally favorable for cultivation under the condition of application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers. However, due to the regular application of fertilizers and pesticides, it is necessary to monitor these soils for PTE levels. Further research is recommended, which must include analyses of the physicochemical properties of soils to a two depths of 0-30 and 30-60 cm, especially for the area where fruit plants are grown. In addition, higher density of soil samples and sub-samples are necessary to produce a reliable dataset that will allow proper statistical analysis.

scholarly journals Role of Organic Acids on Phosphorus Fractions in Silty Clay Loam Soil

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 12-21
Author(s):  
Abdulmahdi S.ALansari ◽  
Muhammad M.Yassin ◽  
Mahdi W.Seheib
Keyword(s):  
Humic Acid ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Incubation Period ◽  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Phosphate Fertilizer ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Silty Clay Loam ◽  
Fertilized Soil

This study was conducted to evaluation the role of the organic acids in the phosphorus fractions in silty clay loam texture. The laboratoryexperiment was conducted by adding the organic acids (Humic acid ,Citric acid ,Oxalic acid , Malic acid ,Acetic acid and Lactic acid )to the fertilized soil with conc. super phosphate fertilizer with 100 kg h-1 level with concentrations (0,15,30,45 and60)mg L-1,except Humic acid (500,1000,1500 and 2000) mg L-1.The soil was incubated at 30 C for 14,28,42,56 and 70 days period and the keep of field capacity about of incubation period during the daily weight.Amount of available ,mineral ,organic and total phosphorus after each incubated period were measured. The results showed that theaddition of organic acids of Humic acid ,Citric acid ,Oxalic acid and Malic acid were caused to increaseamount of available ,mineral ,organic and constant of total phosphorus in fertilized soil with conc. super phosphate fertilizer and increased its amount with increasing of organic acid concentration and better of Humic acid 2000mg L-1 significanton all the treatments .The results of the study that theaddition of organic acids were caused to increase amount of available and mineral phosphorus with increasing of incubation period and constant amount of total phosphorus and decreasing of organic phosphorus amount and available for only soil and only fertilizer treatment during increasing of incubation period .The organic acids can be arranged according to its ability toincrease the availabilityof the phosphorus as follow :

Aggregate slaking during rapid wetting: Hydrophobicity and pore occlusion

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hafida Zaher ◽  
Jean Caron
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Water Entry ◽  
Paper Sludge ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Wetting Front ◽  
Clay Loam Soil ◽  
Silty Clay Loam ◽  
Loam Soil

The slaking process after rapid wetting is a key factor controlling soil structural stability in dry soil, and an understanding of the relative importance of the different mechanisms involved in slaking may help in the design of management strategies aimed at maintaining a stable surface soil structure. Slaking has been linked to, among other factors, rapid pressure build-up in aggregate, and previous work has emphasized the role of organic matter to hamper that pressure build-up, possibly due to hydrophobicity, reducing rapid water entry within aggregates and hence the build-up. This study emphasizes this latter aspect linked to slaking. The evolution of the intra-aggregate pressure, the matter lost by slaking and the expelled air after rapid wetting of two soils of different textures (clay loam soil and silty-clay loam soil) amended with different types of paper sludge were studied. Hydrophobicity effects were also studied using a tensio-active solution. The results of these experiments showed that when aggregates were submitted to sudden wetting, those treated with paper sludge had an improved resistance to the destructive action of rapid wetting. The lower pressures measured in the aggregates from the amended soils and having less slaking resulted most likely from slow water entry and reduced swelling. Detailed investigation on the link between hydrophobicity and water entry revealed that the true hydrophobic effect (modification of contact angle) was non-existent for the silty-clay loam and minor for the clay loam. This study, rather, suggests that changes in the water potential at the wetting front following organic matter addition and aggregate immersion most likely depend on pore occlusion and on changes in pore surface roughness. Key words: Aggregate stability, organic matter, slaking, pressure, swelling, wettability

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