Influence of Soybean Oil Carrier and Method of Application on Weed Control in Soybeans (Glycine max)

Weed Science ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 504-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Van E. Banks ◽  
Lawrence R. Oliver ◽  
Marilyn McClelland
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Xanthium Strumarium ◽  
Amaranthus Hybridus ◽  
Nitrobenzoic Acid ◽  
Oil Concentration ◽  
Carrier Volume ◽  
Smooth Pigweed

Acifluorfen {5-[2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-2-nitrobenzoic acid} and bentazon [3-(1-methylethyl-(1H)-2,1,3-benzothiadiazin-4(3H)-one 2,2-dioxide] plus acifluorfen were applied through hydraulic flat-fan nozzles or controlled-droplet applicators (CDA) in water plus surfactant, soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr.] oil and water emulsions, and soybean oil alone. Except for inadequate weed control with CDA applications at 7 L/ha, method of application did not affect weed control of common cocklebur (Xanthium strumariumL. #3XANST) or smooth pigweed (Amaranthus hybridusL. # AMACH) at high rates of bentazon plus acifluorfen (560 plus 280 g ai/ha or above). With low rates (280 plus 140 g/ha or less), hydraulic flat-fan nozzles were more effective than CDA applications. Early CDA applications of acifluorfen in an oil carrier at a volume of 9 L/ha were as effective as hydraulic nozzle applications at a carrier volume of 47 L/ha. Later applications resulted in inadequate weed control. Increasing soybean oil concentration from 2.5 to 40% (v/v) in acifluorfen spray mixtures did not significantly increase the phytotoxicity of acifluorfen.

Efficacy of Bentazon and MSMA as Affected by a Humic Acid-Type Polymeric Polyhydroxy Acid Adjuvant

Weed Science ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chester G. McWhorter ◽  
Gene D. Wills ◽  
Robert D. Wauchope
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Humic Acid ◽  
Sorghum Halepense ◽  
Xanthium Strumarium ◽  
Amaranthus Hybridus ◽  
Acid Type ◽  
Monosodium Salt ◽  
Treated Leaf ◽  
Methylarsonic Acid ◽  
Smooth Pigweed

Foliar applications of14C-bentazon [3-(1-methylethyl)-(1H)-2,1,3-benzothiadiazin-4(3H)-one 2,2-dioxide] with PPA (polymeric polyhydroxy acid) at 1 or 2% (v/v) or nonoxynol (9.5 POE) [α-(p-nonylpheny1)-ω-hydroxypoly(oxyethylene)] at 1% (v/v) or mixtures of PPA and nonoxynol did not increase absorption or translocation of14C-bentazon in soybeans [Glycine max(L.) Merr. ‘Lee 74′] or common cocklebur (Xanthium strumariumL. # XANST). PPA alone at 1 to 2% (v/v) did not significantly affect absorption or translocation of14C-bentazon in smooth pigweed (Amaranthus hybridusL. # AMACH), but PPA with nonoxynol significantly increased translocation out of the treated leaf. Both PPA and nonoxynol decreased absorption and movement of14C-MSMA [monosodium salt of methylarsonic acid] out of the treated leaf of johnsongrass [Sorghum halepense(L.) Pers. # SORHA]. In greenhouse research, PPA at 0.25 and 0.5% (v/v) did not increase the level of control of common cocklebur obtained following postemergence applications of bentazon at 0.24 and 0.48 kg ai/ha. Similarly, PPA at 0.25 and 0.50% (v/v) did not increase the toxicity of MSMA at 0.3 and 0.6 kg ai/ha to either johnsongrass or common cocklebur.

Influence of Adjuvants and Application Variables on Postemergence Weed Control with Bentazon and Sethoxydim

Weed Science ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 462-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kent Harrison ◽  
Loyd M. Wax ◽  
Loren E. Bode
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Glycine Max ◽  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Abutilon Theophrasti ◽  
Setaria Faberi ◽  
Giant Foxtail ◽  
Carrier Volume ◽  
Control Equivalent

Experiments were conducted at Urbana, IL, in 1983 and 1984 to determine the effect of adjuvants, adjuvant rate, and carrier volume on postemergence weed control with bentazon [3-(1-methylethyl)-(1H)-2,1,3-benzothiadiazin-4(3H)-one 2,2-dioxide] and sethoxydim {2-[1-(ethoxyimino)butyl]-5-[2-(ethylthio)propyl]-3-hydroxy-2-cyclohexen-1-one} in soybeans [Glycine max(L.) Merr. ‘Williams’]. Little difference was observed between a petroleum oil:emulsifier blend (83:17, v/v) (POC) and a soybean oil: emulsifier blend (85:15, v/v) (SBOC) in enhancing control of velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrastiMedik. # ABUTH) with 0.6 or 1.1 kg ai/ha bentazon. Application of bentazon in a carrier volume of 94 L/ha provided velvetleaf control equivalent to that applied in 187 L/ha. Increasing the adjuvant rate from 2.3 to 11.7 L/ha increased visible soybean injury but had no effect on velvetleaf control with bentazon. Control of giant foxtail (Setaria faberiHerrm. # SETFA) with 0.1 kg ai/ha sethoxydim was enhanced more by POC than by SBOC. Phytotoxicity of sethoxydim was not altered by changes in carrier volume or adjuvant rate under conditions of adequate soil moisture in 1983. Under limiting soil moisture in 1984, giant foxtail control with sethoxydim increased slightly when the adjuvant rate was increased from 4.6 to 11.7 L/ha, and carrier volume was increased from 47 to 187 L/ha.

Influence of Herbicides and Tillage on the Control of Triazine-Resistant Smooth Pigweed (Amaranthus hybridus) in Corn (Zea mays) and Soybeans (Glycine max)

Weed Science ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 400-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald L. Ritter ◽  
Thomas C. Harris ◽  
William J. Varano
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Glycine Max ◽  
Secale Cereale ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Amaranthus Hybridus ◽  
Nitrobenzoic Acid ◽  
No Till ◽  
Anisic Acid ◽  
Smooth Pigweed

In field studies, a preemergence application of metolachlor [2-chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N-(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl)acetamide] followed by an early postemergence application of dicamba (3,6-dichloro-o-anisic acid) gave good season-long control of smooth pigweed (Amaranthus hybridusL. ♯ AMACH) in conventional and no-till corn (Zea maysL. ‘Pioneer 3184’ and ‘Pioneer 3382’). In soybeans [Glycine max(L.) Merr. ‘Williams' and ‘Essex’], best control of smooth pigweed was achieved with an early postemergence application of sethoxydim {2-[1-(ethyoxy-imino)butyl]-5-[2-(ethylthio) propyl]-3-hydroxy-2-cyclohexen-1-one} plus acifluorfen {5-[2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-2-nitrobenzoic acid}. Tillage played a role in the degree of smooth pigweed control. Best control of smooth pigweed in corn was obtained when the ground was moldboard plowed and disced, and least control was obtained when corn was no-till planted in the previous year's corn stalks or in a rye (Secale cerealeL.) cover crop.

Preemergence Weed Control in Gladiolus Cormels

Weed Science ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 957-960 ◽  
Author(s):  
James P. Gilreath
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Minimal Effect ◽  
Amaranthus Hybridus ◽  
Eleusine Indica ◽  
Preemergence Herbicides ◽  
Smooth Pigweed ◽  
Gladiolus Plant

Multiple applications of several preemergence herbicides were evaluated for weed control and for phytotoxicity to gladiolus (Gladiolus X hortulanus L.) grown from cormels in 1984 and 1985. Oryzalin [4-(dipropylamino)-3,5-dinitrobenzenesulfonamide] consistently provided acceptable control of southern crabgrass [Digitaria ciliaris (Retz.) Koel. # DIGSP], goosegrass [Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn. # ELEIN], and smooth pigweed (Amaranthus hybridus L. # AMACH) and had minimal effect on gladiolus plant growth even after four applications. Pronamide [3,5-dichloro (N-1,1-dimethyl-2-propynyl)benzamide], alachlor [2-chloro-N-(2,6-diethylphenyl)-N-(methoxymethyl)acetamide], and metolachlor [2-chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N-(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl)acetamide] provided erratic weed control and reduced yields of gladiolus corms.

Mefluidide as an Enhancing Agent for Postemergence Broadleaf Herbicides in Soybeans (Glycine max)

1987 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael R. Blumhorst ◽  
George Kapusta
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Nitrobenzoic Acid ◽  
Petroleum Oil

In field studies, mefluidide {N-[2,4-dimethyl-5-[[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl] amino] phenyl] acetamide} was most effective as an enhancing agent for bentazon [3-(1-methylethyl)-(1H)-2,1,3-benzothiadiazin-4(3H)-one 2,2-dioxide] and/or acifluorfen {5-[2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-2-nitrobenzoic acid} when applied as a tank mixture compared to sequential applications. The influence of mefluidide rate on weed control was not consistent. Additives improved the control of several weed species evaluated, but mefluidide generally was only equal to petroleum oil concentrate (phytobland petroleum oil plus emulsifiers in an 83:17 ratio) as an enhancing agent for bentazon and/or acifluorfen.

Imazethapyr for Weed Control in Soybean (Glycine max)

1989 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 596-601 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R. Cantwell ◽  
Rex A. Liebl ◽  
Fred W. Slife
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Application Method ◽  
Giant Foxtail ◽  
Smooth Pigweed

Imazethapyr at 0.05 to 0.14 kg ai/ha applied preplant incorporated, preemergence, and postemergence was evaluated alone and with complementary herbicides in the field for weed control in soybean. Imazethapyr controlled 90% or more smooth pigweed regardless of application method or herbicide rate. Imazethapyr at 0.05 kg/ha controlled jimsonweed 30% better postemergence compared to soil applications. Imazethapyr at 0.10 kg/ha controlled 90% or more velvetleaf regardless of application method. The addition of alachlor to soil-applied imazethapyr enhanced giant foxtail, jimsonweed, and velvetleaf control. Adding acifluorfen or bentazon to postemergence imazethapyr antagonized weed control. Adding sethoxydim to postemergence imazethapyr was not beneficial.

Influence of Incorporation Depth on Chloramben Activity

Weed Science ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 394-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duane N. Sommerville ◽  
L. M. Wax
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Datura Stramonium ◽  
Ambrosia Artemisiifolia ◽  
Abutilon Theophrasti ◽  
Amaranthus Hybridus ◽  
Giant Foxtail ◽  
Setaria Faberii ◽  
Field Plots ◽  
Smooth Pigweed ◽  
Better Than

Rates of 0, 1.7, and 3.4 kg/ha of 3-amino-2,5-dichlorobenzoic acid (chloramben) were incorporated to 0, 3.8, and 7.6-cm depths in 0.7 by 0.7-m microplots under low, moderate, and high rainfall conditions. Soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr., var. Amsoy] injury increased with increasing depth of incorporation of 3.4 kg/ha chloramben. Chloramben incorporation under low rainfall conditions significantly improved control of giant foxtail (Setaria faberiiHerrm.), smooth pigweed (Amaranthus hybridusL.), and velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrastiMedic.) compared to surface treatments. Jimsonweed (Datura stramoniumL.) was not controlled well by chloramben regardless of rate or incorporation depth. In larger field plots over a 3-year period, 3.4 kg/ha chloramben incorporated with a disc produced slight but insignificant soybean injury. Giant foxtail, smooth pigweed, common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifoliaL.), and velvetleaf control with incorporated chloramben was equal to or better than the control obtained with surface-applied chloramben. Regardless of method of application, control of common cocklebur (Xanthium pensylvanicumWallr.), jimsonweed, and annual morningglory (Ipomoeaspp.) was poor.

Effect of Weeds on Soybean Yield and Harvesting Efficiency

Weed Science ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 533-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. R. Nave ◽  
L. M. Wax
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Amaranthus Hybridus ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
Giant Foxtail ◽  
Setaria Faberii ◽  
Harvesting Efficiency ◽  
Smooth Pigweed

A reduction in soybean (Glycine max(L.) Merr.) yield of 25% (1968) to 30% (1969) resulted from one smooth pigweed (Amaranthus hybridusL.) per ft in 30-inch rows. A giant foxtail (Setaria faberiiHerrm.) infestation of one plant per ft in 30-inch rows reduced yield 13% in 1969. Harvesting before weeds were desiccated resulted in significant threshing and separating losses as speed was increased from 1 to 2 and 3 mph. Stubble, lodging, and stalk losses were more than double in the pigweed and foxtail plots when compared to the weed-free plots after weeds were desiccated by frost.

scholarly journals Effects of Phosphorus Fertility Regimes and Smooth Pigweed (Amaranthus hybridus) and Common Purslane (Portulaca oleracea) Removal Times on Lettuce Yields

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 431B-431
Author(s):  
Bielinski M. Santos ◽  
Joan A. Dusky ◽  
William M. Stall ◽  
Donn G. Shilling ◽  
Thomas A. Bewick
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Organic Soils ◽  
Amaranthus Hybridus ◽  
Weed Interference ◽  
Removal Time ◽  
Significant Yield ◽  
Lettuce Yield ◽  
Common Purslane ◽  
Smooth Pigweed

The effects of different smooth pigweed and common purslane removal times and two phosphorus (P) fertility regimes were studied under field conditions. Head lettuce (cv. South Bay) in organic soils low in P fertility. Smooth pigweed and common purslane were grown at a density of 16 plants per 6 m of row (5.4 m2) and five removal times (0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks) after lettuce emergence. Phosphorus (P) was applied broadcast (1200 kg P/ha) and banded 2 inches below each lettuce row (600 kg P/ha). Lettuce fresh weights were collected 8 weeks after emergence. When smooth pigweed was removed after 4 weeks, significant reductions (–17%) were observed for P banding. However, these reductions occurred after 2 weeks if P was broadcast. No significant differences were observed if removal was imposed later for P broadcast, whereas lettuce yields gradually decreased as removal time was delayed. These findings indicate that P banding can counteract the negative impact of smooth pigweed on lettuce and may allow farmers to delay weed control (if necessary) for another 2 weeks without significant yield reductions. Common purslane interference did not cause significant lettuce yield reductions as compared to the weed-free control for 6 weeks when P was banded, whereas this was true for P broadcast up to 4 weeks. Phosphorus fertility regime significantly influenced the period of weed interference of common purslane with lettuce, reducing its impact when P was banded.

Control of common cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium L.) with pre- and postemergence herbicides in soybean

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (6) ◽  
pp. 1127-1131
Author(s):  
P. H. Sikkema ◽  
C. Kramer ◽  
J. D. Vyn ◽  
N. Soltani
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Xanthium Strumarium ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Excellent Control ◽  
Reduced Density ◽  
Postemergence Herbicides

Field trials were conducted in 2006 and 2007 on three Ontario farms with heavy infestations of cocklebur to determine the effectiveness of various preemergence (PRE) and postemergence (POST) herbicides for control of cocklebur in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. There was minimal injury (2% or less) to soybean from the PRE and POST herbicides evaluated. Cloransulam applied PRE provided up to 98% visual control, reduced density 93%, and reduced dry weight of cocklebur 96%. Linuron, metribuzin, imazethapyr, and clomazone applied PRE provided 0 to 77% control and reduced density and dry weight of cocklebur minimally (54% or less) compared with the weedy check. Cloransulam applied POST provided as much as 98% control, reduced density up to 96%, and reduced dry weight of cocklebur as much as 98%. Chlorimuron, imazethapyr, imazethapyr plus bentazon, and glyphosate applied POST provided 49 to 90% control, reduced density 62 to 89%, and reduced dry weight of cocklebur 69 to 92%. Acifluorfen, fomesafen, bentazon, and thifensulfuron applied POST provided 1 to 51% control, reduced density 0 to 80%, and reduced dry weight 0 to 74% compared with the weedy check. Soybean yield increased as much as 79% compared with the weedy check as a result of cloransulam applied PRE or POST. Based on these results, cloransulam applied PRE or POST provides excellent control of cocklebur in soybean. Key words: Cocklebur, weed control, soybean, preemergence herbicide, postemergence herbicide

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