Pinto Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) Varietal Tolerance to Imazethapyr

Field and laboratory studies were conducted to determine if differences existed in pinto bean varietal tolerance to postemergence application of imazethapyr under field conditions; if differences in tolerance were due to differential acetolactate synthase enzyme sensitivity or differences in14C-imazethapyr absorption, translocation, and metabolism; and the heritability of imazethapyr tolerance in pinto bean. All rates of imazethapyr injured Olathe, Sierra, UI-114, P89405, Aztec, and P90570 pinto bean varieties 7 d after treatment in 1991 and 1992, except 53 g ai ha−1of imazethapyr applied to Sierra pinto bean in 1991. Olathe was injured more than other varieties in 1991, and physiological maturity of Olathe was delayed more than Sierra in 1991 and 1992. Seed yields of all varieties were not reduced in 1991, and only P90570 had reduced seed yields from 53 g ha−1of imazethapyr in 1992. Differential sensitivity of the acetolactate synthase enzyme to imazethapyr was not the mechanism of differential varietal response. Olathe pinto bean absorbed and translocated 1.4 and 1.3 times more14C-imazethapyr, respectively, than Sierra pinto bean 24 h after application. No differences in14C-imazethapyr metabolism were detected between Olathe and Sierra pinto bean. Broad heritability of imazethapyr tolerance in pinto bean was calculated to be 0.85. The number of genes controlling the inheritance of imazethapyr tolerance in pinto bean was greater than one.

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‘Olathe’ Pinto Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) Response to Postemergence Imazethapyr and Bentazon

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s0043174500081170 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 43 (2) ◽

pp. 276-282 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Troy A. Bauer ◽

Karen A. Renner ◽

Donald Penner

Keyword(s):

Untreated Control ◽

Quantitative Measure ◽

Field Studies ◽

Dry Bean ◽

Physiological Maturity ◽

Pinto Bean ◽

Treated Leaf ◽

Dry Edible Bean ◽

Seed Yields ◽

Petroleum Oil

Dry bean producers have limited postemergence broadleaf weed control options. The purpose of this research was to determine whether bentazon increased dry edible bean tolerance to postemergence imazethapyr applications. Imazethapyr and bentazon were applied with a petroleum oil adjuvant to ‘Olathe’ pinto bean in the field and greenhouse. Imazethapyr injured pinto bean 7 DAT in the field and greenhouse. Chlorophyllacontent, a quantitative measure of bean chlorosis, decreased compared to the untreated control following imazethapyr application. When 840 g ha−1of bentazon was tank-mixed with 53 g ha−1of imazethapyr, bean injury decreased and chlorophyllaincreased compared to imazethapyr alone. Fifty three g ha−1of imazethapyr delayed physiological maturity by 8 and 15 d compared to the untreated control in 1991 and 1992, respectively. Pinto bean seed yields were not reduced compared to the untreated control. When 840 g ha−1of bentazon was tank-mixed with 53 g ha−1of imazethapyr, maturity was not delayed.14C-Imazethapyr absorption decreased by more than 40% and translocation of14C from the treated leaf decreased by more than 50% when14C-imazethapyr was tank-mixed with bentazon compared to14C-imazethapyr alone. The addition of 20 mM Na-acetate inhibited absorption of14C-imazethapyr, but did not inhibit translocation of14C. The decreased absorption and translocation of imazethapyr when tank-mixed with bentazon likely accounts for the safening effect observed in greenhouse and field studies.

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Common Cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium) Resistance to Selected ALS-Inhibiting Herbicides

Weed Technology ◽

10.1017/s0890037x00042901 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 241-247 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Christy L. Sprague ◽

Edward W. Stoller ◽

Loyd M. Wax

Keyword(s):

Acetolactate Synthase ◽

Cross Resistance ◽

Xanthium Strumarium ◽

Laboratory Studies ◽

Whole Plant ◽

Plant Level

Five biotypes of common cocklebur that were not controlled with acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibiting herbicides were tested in greenhouse and laboratory studies to determine the magnitude of resistance and cross-resistance to four ALS-inhibiting herbicides. In vivo inhibition of ALS was also evaluated. Based on phytotoxicity, all five ALS-resistant biotypes of common cocklebur were > 390 times more resistant than the susceptible biotype to imazethapyr. However, only four of these biotypes were also resistant to another imidazolinone, imazaquin. Two biotypes were cross-resistant to the sulfonylurea, chlorimuron, and the triazolopyrimidine sulfonanilide, NAF-75. One biotype demonstrated intermediate susceptibility to imazaquin, chlorimuron, and NAF-75. In all cases, the resistance exhibited at the whole plant level was associated with an insensitive ALS.

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Nicosulfuron Resistance and Metabolism in Terbufos- and Naphthalic Anhydride-Treated Corn

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s0043174500081005 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 43 (2) ◽

pp. 163-168 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Balazs Siminszky ◽

Frederick T. Corbin ◽

Yvonna Sheldon

Keyword(s):

Laboratory Experiments ◽

Acetolactate Synthase ◽

Synergistic Interaction ◽

Differential Sensitivity ◽

Severe Injury ◽

Seed Treatments ◽

Naphthalic Anhydride ◽

Corn Seed ◽

Greenhouse Experiments ◽

Target Enzyme

Synergistic interaction between the insecticide terbufos and the herbicide nicosulfuron may result in severe injury to corn. Greenhouse and laboratory experiments were conducted to determine if using the imidazolinone-resistant corn ‘Pioneer-3343 IR’ (P-3343 IR) or coating corn seeds with naphthalic anhydride (NA) would reduce herbicidal injury imposed by the nicosulfuron-terbufos interaction. Greenhouse experiments showed nicosulfuron-terbufos interactions resulting in herbicidal injury in both P-3343 IR and ‘DeKalb 689’ (D-689) corn varieties, but the D-689 was more sensitive than the P-3343 IR corn. The greenhouse experiments also demonstrated protection against the nicosulfuron-terbufos interaction by NA seed treatments. Studies with radiolabeled nicosulfuron showed that terbufos inhibited the metabolism of nicosulfuron, but pretreatment of D-689 and P-3343 IR corn seed with NA decreased the inhibition in excised corn leaves. The differences in sensitivity to nicosulfuron in the two corn varieties resulted in part from the differential metabolism and primarily from the differential sensitivity of the target enzyme, acetolactate synthase, to the herbicide.

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Effect of seed and foliar application of nano-zinc oxide, zinc chelate, and zinc sulphate rates on yield and growth of pinto bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) cultivars

Journal of Plant Nutrition ◽

10.1080/01904167.2018.1510517 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 41 (18) ◽

pp. 2401-2412 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Majid Mahdieh ◽

Mohammad Reza Sangi ◽

Farzad Bamdad ◽

Ali Ghanem

Keyword(s):

Zinc Oxide ◽

Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽

Zinc Sulphate ◽

Foliar Application ◽

Nano Zinc Oxide ◽

Pinto Bean ◽

Nano Zinc

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Response of a Chlorsulfuron-Resistant Biotype ofKochia scopariato ALS Inhibiting Herbicides and Piperonyl Butoxide

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s0043174500081649 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 43 (4) ◽

pp. 561-565 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Chae Soon Kwon ◽

Donald Penner

Keyword(s):

Plant Height ◽

Enzyme System ◽

Acetolactate Synthase ◽

Differential Response ◽

Oxidase Inhibitor ◽

Piperonyl Butoxide ◽

Mixed Function Oxidase ◽

Laboratory Studies

Greenhouse and laboratory studies were conducted to determine kochia resistance to a spectrum of acetolactate synthase (E.C.4.13.18) (ALS)-inhibiting herbicides. The chlorsulfuron-resistant biotype plants were resistant to six herbicides: triflusulfuron, thifensulfuron, halosulfuron, imazamethabenz, chlorsulfuron, and nicosulfuron. But, the resistant biotypes showed sensitivity similar to the susceptible biotypes to three herbicides: metsulfuron, imazethapyr, and imazaquin. The resistant biotypes were slightly less sensitive to primisulfuron, chlorimuron, and flumetsulam than the sensitive biotypes. The I50values for 50% inhibition of the ALS enzyme indicated that the resistant biotype was 22, 18, and 16 times more resistant to primisulfuron, chlorsulfuron, and thifensulfuron than the susceptible biotype. In contrast, the I50ratios (resistant/susceptible) were 3, 2, and 1 for flumetsulam, nicosulfuron, and imazethapyr, respectively. The altered ALS enzyme system of the resistant biotype showed a differential response for the ALS-inhibiting herbicides. Addition of a mixed function oxidase inhibitor, piperonyl butoxide (PBO) at 2 kg ha−1, to primisulfuron and thifensulfuron increased visual injury and reduced plant height of the chlorsulfuron-sensitive kochia biotype plants. The addition of PBO to primisulfuron enhanced visual injury of the resistant biotype at low rates of primisulfuron.

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Weed Control Efficacy and Pinto Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) Tolerance to Early Season Mechanical Weeding

Weed Technology ◽

10.1017/s0890037x00023800 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 531-534 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Mark J. Vangessel ◽

Lori J. Wiles ◽

Edward E. Schweizer ◽

Phil Westra

Keyword(s):

Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽

Weed Control ◽

Weed Management ◽

Seed Weight ◽

Growth Stage ◽

Integrated Approach ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Weed Species ◽

Control Efficacy ◽

Pinto Bean

An integrated approach to weed management in pinto bean is needed since available herbicides seldom adequately control all weed species present in a field. A two-year study was conducted to assess weed control efficacy and pinto bean tolerance to mechanical weeding from a rotary hoe or flex-tine harrow at crook, unifoliolate, and trifoliolate stages of bean development. Weed control was similar for both implements and all timings in 1993. In 1994, mechanical weeding at trifoliolate and both crook and trifoliolate stages controlled more weeds than at other growth stages, regardless of type of implement. Using the flex-tine harrow reduced pinto bean stand, but results based on growth stage were not consistent each year. Damage to pinto bean hypocotyls and stems was observed with the flex-tine harrow used at both crook and trifoliolate stages in 1994. Rotary hoeing did not reduce pinto bean stand or cause injury. Yield and seed weight did not differ among treatments in either year.

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