Nicosulfuron Resistance and Metabolism in Terbufos- and Naphthalic Anhydride-Treated Corn

Weed Science ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Balazs Siminszky ◽  
Frederick T. Corbin ◽  
Yvonna Sheldon
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Synergistic Interaction ◽  
Differential Sensitivity ◽  
Severe Injury ◽  
Seed Treatments ◽  
Naphthalic Anhydride ◽  
Corn Seed ◽  
Greenhouse Experiments ◽  
Target Enzyme

Synergistic interaction between the insecticide terbufos and the herbicide nicosulfuron may result in severe injury to corn. Greenhouse and laboratory experiments were conducted to determine if using the imidazolinone-resistant corn ‘Pioneer-3343 IR’ (P-3343 IR) or coating corn seeds with naphthalic anhydride (NA) would reduce herbicidal injury imposed by the nicosulfuron-terbufos interaction. Greenhouse experiments showed nicosulfuron-terbufos interactions resulting in herbicidal injury in both P-3343 IR and ‘DeKalb 689’ (D-689) corn varieties, but the D-689 was more sensitive than the P-3343 IR corn. The greenhouse experiments also demonstrated protection against the nicosulfuron-terbufos interaction by NA seed treatments. Studies with radiolabeled nicosulfuron showed that terbufos inhibited the metabolism of nicosulfuron, but pretreatment of D-689 and P-3343 IR corn seed with NA decreased the inhibition in excised corn leaves. The differences in sensitivity to nicosulfuron in the two corn varieties resulted in part from the differential metabolism and primarily from the differential sensitivity of the target enzyme, acetolactate synthase, to the herbicide.

Biochemical Effects of Imazapic on Bermudagrass Growth Regulation, Broomsedge (Andropogon virginicus) Control, and MSMA Antagonism

Weed Science ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 596-603 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick E. McCullough ◽  
Jialin Yu ◽  
Donn G. Shilling ◽  
Mark A. Czarnota ◽  
Christopher R. Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Growth Regulation ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Target Site ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Differential Growth ◽  
Greenhouse Experiments ◽  
Biochemical Effects

Broomsedge populations have increased substantially over the last decade on roadsides in Georgia. The invasiveness of this species might have resulted from imazapic use for bermudagrass growth regulation and the limited use of MSMA on roadsides. The objectives of this research were to evaluate (1) differential growth inhibition of bermudagrass and broomsedge to imazapic, (2) susceptibility of isolated acetolactate synthase (ALS) enzymes of bermudagrass and broomsedge to imazapic, (3) broomsedge control with tank mixtures of imazapic with MSMA, and (4) the influence of imazapic on absorption and translocation of14C-MSMA. In greenhouse experiments, imazapic reduced bermudagrass shoot biomass ~ 2 times more from the nontreated than broomsedge. Isolated ALS enzymes of bermudagrass were ~ 100 times more susceptible to inhibition by imazapic than broomsedge. In field experiments, imazapic provided no control of broomsedge, but MSMA alone controlled broomsedge 81% at 12 mo after initial treatments (MAIT). Broomsedge control was reduced to 45% when MSMA was tank mixed with imazapic at 12 MAIT. In laboratory experiments, imazapic tank mixtures did not reduce broomsedge absorption or translocation of14C-MSMA. Overall, bermudagrass is more susceptible to imazapic due to greater target-site inhibition than broomsedge. Results emphasize the importance of MSMA use for broomsedge control, but agronomists should avoid tank mixtures with imazapic to reduce potential antagonism.

Effect of Soil Organic Matter on the Interaction Between Nicosulfuron and Terbufos in Corn (Zea mays)

Weed Science ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 306-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin E. Diehl ◽  
Sarah L. Taylor ◽  
David M. Simpson ◽  
Edward W. Stoller
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Synergistic Interaction ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Wax Deposition ◽  
Leaf Wax

Greenhouse and laboratory experiments were conducted to determine the effect of soil organic matter on the synergistic interaction between nicosulfuron, a sulfonylurea herbicide, and the insecticide terbufos in corn. Terbufos was applied infurrow at planting to soils containing 1, 3, and 5% organic matter and nicosulfuron was applied POST to corn at the three-leaf growth stage. The combination of terbufos and nicosulfuron reduced corn fresh weight 75, 45, and 41 % in soils containing 1, 3, and 5% organic matter, respectively. Terbufos increased [14C]nicosulfuron uptake into corn grown in both 1 and 5% organic matter soils. Terbufos decreased epicuticular leaf wax deposition on corn leaves by 35 and 18% in 1 and 5% organic matter soils, respectively. [14C]Nicosulfuron was completely metabolized after 24 h in the absence of terbufos. In the presence of terbufos, 19 and 11% of intact [14C]nicosulfuron remained 24 h after treatment while 11 and 6% remained after 48 h in the 1 and 5% organic matter soils, respectively. In vivo acetolactate synthase activity was reduced to 3 and 20% of control by nicosulfuron at 24 h and to 6 and 38% of control at 48 h, respectively, in the 1 and 5% organic matter soils that contained terbufos. These experiments indicated that soil organic matter is an important factor in determining the level of injury expected from the synergistic interaction between nicosulfuron and terbufos in corn.

Physiological Mechanisms in the Synergism between Thifensulfuron and Imazethapyr in Sulfonylurea-Tolerant Soybean (Glycine max)

Weed Science ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Simpson ◽  
E. W. Stoller
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Synergistic Interaction ◽  
Physiological Mechanisms ◽  
Enhanced Absorption

Greenhouse and laboratory experiments were conducted to determine if the synergistic interaction between imazethapyr and thifensulfuron in sulfonylurea-tolerant (STS) soybean involved enhanced absorption and translocation or reduced metabolism of one or both herbicides. Thifensulfuron at 4.4 g ha−1and imazethapyr at 70 g ha−1caused 0 and 28% injury to STS soybean 7 DAT, respectively, while the combination of both herbicides caused 50% injury 7 DAT. Imazethapyr had no effect on absorption of14C-thifensulfuron into the first trifoliolate. Imazethapyr did not affect absorption, translocation, or metabolism of14C-thifensulfuron. Metabolism of14C-thifensulfuron was rapid, with less than 10% remaining after 24 h, and was not affected by imazethapyr. Likewise, thifensulfuron did not affect the absorption, translocation, or metabolism of14C-imazethapyr. Therefore, the synergism between thifensulfuron and imazethapyr does not involve changes in the absorption, translocation, or metabolism of either herbicide.

Protoporphyrin Accumulation Induced by Peroxidizing Herbicides is Counteracted by Safeners

1994 ◽  
Vol 49 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 775-780 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Böger ◽  
Roswitha Miller
Keyword(s):  
Dicarboxylic Acid ◽  
Protoporphyrin Ix ◽  
Acid Anhydride ◽  
Mixed Function Oxidase ◽  
Maize Seedlings ◽  
Cyclic Imide ◽  
Protoporphyrinogen Oxidase ◽  
Naphthalic Anhydride ◽  
Target Enzyme

A number of safeners like naphthalene-1,8-dicarboxylic acid anhydride (naphthalic anhydride) or dichloroacetyl-hexahydro-3,3,8-α-trimethylpyrrolo-[1 ,2 α]-pyrimidine-6-(2H̲)-one (BAS 145138) drastically decreased the accumulation of protoporphyrin IX induced by a peroxidative cyclic imide (chlorophthalim, N-(4-chlorophenyl)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydrophthalimide), or p-nitrodiphenyl ether (acifluorfen methyl, 5-[2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-2-nitrobenzoicmethylester). This effect was observed with etiolated maize and cress seedlings during a 16-h illumination period with these herbicides and 0.1 to 1 mᴍ safener present. The safeners did not affect the inhibition of protoporphyrinogen oxidase, the target enzyme of peroxidative herbicides. Mixed function oxidase inhibitors did not influence this safening effect. A microsome preparation from safener-treated maize seedlings did neither degrade protoporphyrin IX nor protoporphyrinogen IX.

Pinto Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) Varietal Tolerance to Imazethapyr

Weed Science ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 417-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Troy A. Bauer ◽  
Karen A. Renner ◽  
Donald Penner ◽  
James D. Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Differential Sensitivity ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Physiological Maturity ◽  
Pinto Bean ◽  
Number Of Genes ◽  
Varietal Response ◽  
Varietal Tolerance ◽  
Seed Yields

Field and laboratory studies were conducted to determine if differences existed in pinto bean varietal tolerance to postemergence application of imazethapyr under field conditions; if differences in tolerance were due to differential acetolactate synthase enzyme sensitivity or differences in14C-imazethapyr absorption, translocation, and metabolism; and the heritability of imazethapyr tolerance in pinto bean. All rates of imazethapyr injured Olathe, Sierra, UI-114, P89405, Aztec, and P90570 pinto bean varieties 7 d after treatment in 1991 and 1992, except 53 g ai ha−1of imazethapyr applied to Sierra pinto bean in 1991. Olathe was injured more than other varieties in 1991, and physiological maturity of Olathe was delayed more than Sierra in 1991 and 1992. Seed yields of all varieties were not reduced in 1991, and only P90570 had reduced seed yields from 53 g ha−1of imazethapyr in 1992. Differential sensitivity of the acetolactate synthase enzyme to imazethapyr was not the mechanism of differential varietal response. Olathe pinto bean absorbed and translocated 1.4 and 1.3 times more14C-imazethapyr, respectively, than Sierra pinto bean 24 h after application. No differences in14C-imazethapyr metabolism were detected between Olathe and Sierra pinto bean. Broad heritability of imazethapyr tolerance in pinto bean was calculated to be 0.85. The number of genes controlling the inheritance of imazethapyr tolerance in pinto bean was greater than one.

Growth and Seed Production of Horseweed (Conyza canadensis) Populations Resistant to Glyphosate, ALS-Inhibiting, and Multiple (Glyphosate + ALS-Inhibiting) Herbicides

Weed Science ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 494-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vince M. Davis ◽  
Greg R. Kruger ◽  
Jeff M. Stachler ◽  
Mark M. Loux ◽  
William G. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Multiple Resistance ◽  
Conyza Canadensis ◽  
Greenhouse Experiments ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Als Inhibitors ◽  
Shoot Mass ◽  
Southeastern Region

Horseweed populations with mixtures of biotypes resistant to glyphosate and acetolactate synthase (ALS)–inhibiting herbicides as well as biotypes with multiple resistance to glyphosate + ALS-inhibiting herbicides have been documented in Indiana and Ohio. These biotypes are particularly problematic because ALS-inhibiting herbicides are commonly tank mixed with glyphosate to improve postemergence horseweed control in soybean. The objective of this research was to characterize the growth and seed production of horseweed populations with resistance to glyphosate or ALS-inhibiting herbicides, and multiple resistance to glyphosate + ALS-inhibiting herbicides. A four-herbicide by four-horseweed population factorial field experiment was conducted in the southeastern region of Indiana in 2007 and repeated in 2008. Four horseweed populations were collected from Indiana or Ohio and confirmed resistant to glyphosate, ALS inhibitors, both, or neither in greenhouse experiments. The four herbicide treatments were untreated, 0.84 kg ae ha−1glyphosate, 35 g ai ha−1cloransulam, and 0.84 kg ae ha−1glyphosate + 35 g ai ha−1cloransulam. Untreated plants from horseweed populations that were resistant to glyphosate, ALS-inhibiting, or multiple glyphosate + ALS-inhibiting herbicides produced similar amounts of biomass and seed compared to populations that were susceptible to those herbicides or combination of herbicides. Furthermore, aboveground shoot mass and seed production did not differ between treated and untreated plants.

scholarly journals ALS–Resistant Annual Sedge (Cyperus compressus) Confirmed in Turfgrass

Weed Science ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick E. McCullough ◽  
Jialin Yu ◽  
J. Scott McElroy ◽  
S. Chen ◽  
H. Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Resistance Level ◽  
Physiological Basis ◽  
History Of ◽  
Leaf Tissues ◽  
Als Inhibitors ◽  
Inhibitor Resistance ◽  
Als Inhibitor

Acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitors are widely used for POST control of sedges in turfgrass. A suspected resistant (R) biotype of annual sedge was collected from a bermudagrass turf in Georgia with a history of exclusive use of halosulfuron. Research was conducted to evaluate the resistance level of this biotype to halosulfuron, efficacy of ALS-inhibiting herbicides and other mechanisms of action for control, and the molecular and physiological basis for resistance. In greenhouse experiments, the halosulfuron rate required to reduce shoot biomass 50% in comparison with the nontreated at 8 wk after treatment (WAT) were 8 and > 1,120 g ai ha−1for the S (susceptible) and R biotypes, respectively. Imazapic, sulfosulfuron, and trifloxysulfuron reduced biomass of the S biotype greater than 60% at 8 WAT, but biomass was reduced less than 20% for the R biotype. Glufosinate, glyphosate, MSMA, and sulfentrazone reduced shoot biomass of the R biotype by 93, 86, 97, and 45%, respectively. In laboratory experiments, the halosulfuron concentration required to inhibit ALS activity by 50% in excised leaf tissues was 5.8 and > 1,000 μM for the S and R biotypes, respectively. Gene sequencing of the R biotype revealed a Pro-197-Ser substitution that confers resistance to ALS inhibitors. This is the first report of ALS-inhibitor resistance in annual sedge and herbicide resistance in a sedge species from a turfgrass system.

Absorption and translocation of glufosinate on four weed species

Weed Science ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 378-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory J. Steckel ◽  
Stephen E. Hart ◽  
Loyd M. Wax
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Differential Sensitivity ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Giant Foxtail ◽  
Treated Leaf ◽  
Phloem Mobility

Greenhouse and laboratory experiments were conducted to evaluate foliar absorption, translocation, and efficacy of glufosinate on four weed species. The rate of glufosinate required to reduce shoot dry weight by 50% (GR50) varied between weed species. GR50values for giant foxtail, barnyardgrass, velvetleaf, and common lambsquarters were 69, 186, 199, and 235 g ai ha−1, respectively. Absorption of14C-glufosinate increased with time and reached a plateau 24 hours after treatment (HAT). Absorption of14C-glufosinate was 67, 53, 42, and 16% for giant foxtail, barnyardgrass, velvetleaf, and common lambsquarters, respectively. Translocation of absorbed14C-glufosinate from the treated leaf was greatest for giant foxtail and barnyardgrass (15 and 14% 24 HAT of absorbed14C-glufosinate, respectively). This compared to 5 and < 1% for translocation of absorbed14C-glufosinate from the treated leaves of velvetleaf and common lambsquarters. The majority of14C-glufosinate translocated by giant foxtail and barnyardgrass was found below the treated leaf and in the roots, indicating phloem mobility of the herbicide. Differential absorption and translocation of14C-glufosinate may be contributing factors to the differential sensitivity observed between weed species.

Physiological basis for nicosulfuron and primisulfuron selectivity in five plant species

Weed Science ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Boyd Carey ◽  
Donald Penner ◽  
James J. Kells
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Differential Sensitivity ◽  
Lower Sensitivity ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Physiological Basis ◽  
Eastern Black Nightshade ◽  
Black Nightshade ◽  
Giant Foxtail ◽  
Whole Plant

Greenhouse and laboratory studies were conducted to determine the physiological basis for selectivity of nicosulfuron and primisulfuron in 5 plant species. Differential sensitivity of the species was quantified by determining GR50values (herbicide rate required to reduce plant growth 50%) for each species/herbicide combination. GR50data indicated the following levels of sensitivity: corn—tolerant to both herbicides; seedling johnsongrass—sensitive to both herbicides; barnyardgrass—sensitive to nicosulfuron and tolerant to primisulfuron; giant foxtail—sensitive to nicosulfuron and tolerant to primisulfuron; and eastern black nightshade—tolerant to nicosulfuron and sensitive to primisulfuron. Studies using14C-radiolabeled herbicides were conducted to determine whether differential herbicide absorption, translocation, or metabolism contributed to whole plant responses. Nicosulfuron and primisulfuron selectivity in corn, johnsongrass, barnyardgrass, and giant foxtail was primarily due to differential herbicide metabolism rate. Tolerant species metabolized the herbicide more rapidly and extensively than sensitive species. Differential herbicide absorption, translocation, or metabolism did not explain differential sensitivity of eastern black nightshade to the herbicides. Further studies indicated that the tolerance of eastern black nightshade to nicosulfuron and its sensitivity to primisulfuron was directly related to lower sensitivity of the acetolactate synthase (ALS) to nicosulfuron than to primisulfuron. Eastern black nightshade translocated very little (3%) of the nicosulfuron applied. The ALS sensitivity of johnsongrass and eastern black nightshade was similar in the presence of nicosulfuron. A combination of a higher ALS level and less herbicide translocation contributes to tolerance of eastern black nightshade and to sensitivity of johnsongrass to nicosulfuron.

Safeners as Corn Seedling Protectants against Acetolactate Synthase Inhibitors

1991 ◽  
Vol 46 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 945-949
Author(s):  
Henri Milhomme ◽  
Christophe Roux ◽  
Jean Bastide
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Large Degree ◽  
Naphthalic Anhydride ◽  
Metsulfuron Methyl ◽  
Corn Seedling

Zea mays L., cv. Potro, shoots had a higher level of resistance to imazaquin (IQ) and metsulfuron methyl (M SM ) than roots. Shoot lengths were increased by pretreating the seeds with commercial 1,8 -naphthalic anhydride (N A ) at 1% (w/w) or oxabetrinil at 0.2% (w/w). The growth of shoots of safened seeds was unaffected by 400 nM IQ and by 40 nM MSM. The in vivo activity of acetolactate synthase (ALS) extracted from corn shoots and roots was not affected by treatments with IQ or MSM, but pretreatment of seeds with NA or oxabetrinil, prior to germination, caused an increase in the level of extractable ALS from shoots. ALS activity from roots and shoots of NA-pretreated seedlings was increased to a large degree (> 40% ) when the seedlings were germinated on 40 nM MSM, whereas ALS activities from oxabetrinil-pretreated seedlings were enhanced to a lesser degree (≈20%). ALS from unsafened seedlings was inhibited 21% by 400 nM IQ and 70% by 40 nM MSM in vitro, but ALS from roots of seedlings germinated on 400 nM IQ was not inhibited by 400 nM IQ in vitro.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document