Biological control of plumeless thistle (Carduus acanthoidesL.) in Argentina

Weed Science ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 534-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susana R. Feldman
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Oviposition Period ◽  
Adult Survival ◽  
Slight Tendency ◽  
Rhinocyllus Conicus

Plumeless thistle is a European Asteraceae naturalized in Argentina, where it is a troublesome pasture and range weed. A European weevil (Rhinocyllus conicus) was imported for biocontrol of this thistle. Oviposition patterns, egg to adult survival, and the weevil's effect on the production of achenes by thistles were monitored over 2 yr. The oviposition period did not begin simultaneously in all thistle populations, but finished in late November. Egg to larvae survival was 63% and egg to adult survival was approximately 50%. No important egg predators were detected. The weevils destroyed 80% of the propagules per capitulum and showed a slight tendency to adapt to the plumeless thistle cycle.

Establishment of Rhinocyllus conicus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Georgia for Control of Musk Thistle

1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. D. Buntin ◽  
R. D. Hudson ◽  
T. R. Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Release Point ◽  
Carduus Nutans ◽  
Mature Adults ◽  
Initial Release ◽  
Rhinocyllus Conicus

Rhinocyllus conicus Froelich was introduced and successfully established at 21 sites in northern Georgia for biological control of musk thistle, Carduus nutans L. A total of 9,310 adults were released from 1990 through 1992. Releases of reproductively mature adults in the spring were much more successful than summer releases of teneral adults. Progeny were observed in all spring-release sites, and population increases occurred at most sites one and two years after release. Consumption of infested capitula by cattle reduced R. conicus numbers at some sites. After two years, weevils had dispersed up to 0.6 km from the initial release point. Transfer of R. conicus to new sites in Georgia will begin in 1993.

scholarly journals Emergence sexual maturation and oviposition of Aphidius ervi (Hymenoptera Aphidiidae)

2004 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
pp. 214-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
X.Z. He ◽  
Q. Wang ◽  
D.A.J. Teulon
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Sexual Maturation ◽  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Aphid Species ◽  
Pea Aphid ◽  
Aphidius Ervi ◽  
Oviposition Period ◽  
Courtship Display ◽  
Dark Conditions

Aphidius ervi Haliday is an important parasitoid of several aphid species and information is needed for the development of massrearing techniques and better understanding of biological control ecology The emergence sexual maturation and oviposition of A ervi on pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) was studied in the laboratory at 201deg;C and 6070 RH with 168 h lightdark About 95 of parasitoids emerged during the photophase Females needed a significantly longer time than males to complete their life cycle Newly emerged males were able to perform their courtship display but failed to mate until they were 4 h old; newly emerged females were able to respond to males courtship display and mate Females attacked aphids in both light and dark conditions The number of eggs laid and parasitism (number of aphids parasitised) per oviposition bout (2 h oviposition period) were significantly greater in the photophase than in the scotophase

Establishment in Missouri ofRhinocyllus conicusfor the Biological Control of Musk Thistle(Carduus nutans)

Weed Science ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 188-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Puttler ◽  
S. H. Long ◽  
E. J. Peters
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Release Site ◽  
Carduus Nutans ◽  
Rhinocyllus Conicus ◽  
Bracon Mellitor

A weevil,(Rhinocyllus conicusFroelich) was introduced into Missouri in 1975 to aid in reducing populations of musk thistle,(Carduus nutansL.). The weevil was recovered in 1976 from as far as 3.2 km from the release site and 4.8 km in 1977. Infestation levels of flower heads at the release site ranged from 46 to 90%. Native parasites(Bracon mellitorSay) and [Aliolus curculionis(Fitch)] were reared from weevil larvae.

Establishment ofRhinocyllus conicuson Milk Thistle in Southern California

Weed Science ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 288-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.D. Goeden ◽  
D.W. Ricker
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Field Data ◽  
Southern California ◽  
Milk Thistle ◽  
Silybum Marianum ◽  
Mortality Factors ◽  
Ladybird Beetles ◽  
Rhinocyllus Conicus ◽  
Pupal Parasitism

During 1971 and 1972, 4,400 adults ofRhinocyllus conicusFroelich were introduced into southern California from Italy for the biological control of milk thistle [Silybum marianum(L.) Gaertner]. These flowerhead-infesting weevils were colonized at nine, and successfully established at five, widely separated locations. Field data on the incidence and increase ofR. conicusat colonization sites are presented. Biotic mortality factors reported forR. conicusin southern California include predation of eggs by ladybird beetles (Hippodamiasp.) and of adults by snakeflies [Raphidia (Agulla) adnixaHagen] and spiders, destruction of weevils in flower-heads consumed by cattle and rodents, and larval and pupal parasitism by pyomotid mites.

scholarly journals The life cycle of Neotropical ground beetle, Abaris basistriata (Coleoptera: Carabidae) reared on different substrates

2017 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 457-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. L. Barbosa-Andrade ◽  
F. J. Cividanes ◽  
S. T. S. Matos ◽  
D. J. Andrade
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Ground Beetle ◽  
Carabid Beetle ◽  
Oviposition Period ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Agricultural Pests ◽  
Biological Cycle ◽  
The Third ◽  
Eggs And Larvae

Abstract Carabids are recognized worldwide as biological control agents of agricultural pests. The objective was to compare the life cycle of Abaris basistriata Chaudoir (Coleoptera: Carabidae) on three substrates: soil, fine vermiculite, or paper napkins. The biological cycle of A. basistriata presented different durations in soil and paper. The viability of eggs and larvae survival of the first and second instars were similar on all three substrates, while the third instar and pupa in the soil presented higher survival when compared with vermiculite and paper. The soil substrate was more favorable for the longevity of the carabid beetle. Abaris basistriata showed a shorter pre-oviposition period and a higher oviposition and post-oviposition period in the soil. Fecundity and fertility were higher when A. basistriata was reared on soil. The soil was most favorable substrate for rearing of A. basistriata in the laboratory. This information may make this species useful for the biological control.

Effects of plant nutrition on the expression of abdominal discoloration in Phytoseiulus persimilis (Acari: Phytoseiidae)

2003 ◽  
Vol 135 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Bjørnson ◽  
D.A. Raworth
Keyword(s):  
Plant Nutrition ◽  
Phytoseiulus Persimilis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Malpighian Tubules ◽  
Oviposition Period ◽  
Adult Survival ◽  
Sharp Decline ◽  
Excretory Function ◽  
Total Fecundity ◽  
Significant Difference

AbstractThe effect of plant nutrition on the expression of abdominal discoloration in Phytoseiulus persimilis Athias-Henriot was investigated. Phytoseiulus persimilis were fed spider mites, Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae), that were reared on bean, Phaseolus vulgaris L. (Fabaceae), plants treated with distilled water or one of three concentrations of 20–20–20 fertilizer (0.6, 2.4, and 3.8 g/L). Symptoms observed in P. persimilis included white stripes along the sides of the body in the region of the Malpighian tubules, white coloration of the rectum, or a combination of these symptoms. The proportion of observations of white symptoms in P. persimilis increased in an asymptotic curvilinear fashion as fertilizer concentration increased. There was no significant difference in life-history characteristics of P. persimilis from the four treatments, including total fecundity, mean daily oviposition, oviposition period, post-oviposition period, or adult survival. Peak oviposition for mites from all treatments (4.9 eggs per female per day) occurred 2–3 days following mating. Thereafter, mean fecundity was greater than 4 eggs per female per day until day 11, and greater than 3 eggs per female per day until day 15, followed by a sharp decline. Following death, individual mites were examined for microsporidia, but none were detected. Results suggest that the expression of white abdominal discoloration in P. persimilis is related, at least in part, to plant nutrition; symptoms are an expression of normal excretory function in P. persimilis; and white abdominal discoloration does not necessarily affect predator performance.

PARASITISM OF RHINOCYLLUS CONICUS FROELICH (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE) IN WYOMING

1991 ◽  
Vol 123 (5) ◽  
pp. 929-932 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.L. Littlefield
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Carduus Nutans ◽  
Parasitic Hymenoptera ◽  
Rhinocyllus Conicus

AbstractRhinocyllus conicus Froelich was introduced into Wyoming in 1975 for the biological control of musk thistle, Carduus nutans L. A survey of 15 release sites was conducted in 1986 to determine parasitism of R. conicus. Eight species of parasitic Hymenoptera were identified. Parasitism of R. conicus infecting the flower heads of musk thistle was low (0.6%), but greater for weevils within the peduncles (17%). Parasitism varied among release sites, ranging from 0.0 to 1.3%, but was not significantly correlated with the duration of weevil establishment.

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