Growth and Competitiveness of Common Lambsquarters (Chenopodium album) after Foliar Application ofAscochyta caulinaas a Mycoherbicide

Weed Science ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 609-614 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corné Kempenaar ◽  
Petra J. F. M. Horsten ◽  
Piet C. Scheepens
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Leaf Necrosis ◽  
Dry Matter Weight ◽  
Development Application

Control of common lambsquarters by the use ofAscochyta caldinaas a postemergence mycoherbicide was studied in corn and sugar beet, in 1992 or 1993. The weed was planted at determined positions in the crops. Plots were treated with suspensions ofA. caulinaspores, and wetness duration's were varied to create different levels of disease development. Application ofA. caulinaresulted in necrosis development on, and mortality of common lambsquarters. Average severities of leaf necrosis 1 wk after treatment ranged from 0.01 to 0.75. Average proportions of dead plants 3 wk after treatment ranged from 0.00 to 0.65. Necrosis development and mortality were affected by wetness duration in two experiments. Sublethally diseased plants showed reduced growth. Maximum dry matter was affected by crop and by necrosis development. Numbers of fruits per plant showed a positive, almost linear relationship with plant dry matter weight. Seed weight was less affected by necrosis than number of fruits per plant. Competitiveness of common lambsquarters was reduced after infection byA. caulina.Crop dry matter weight showed a positive relationship with the level of common lambsquarters control. In corn, yield reduction by competition was prevented by application of A.caulina, but not in sugar beet.

Interference and Seed Production by Common Lambsquarters (Chenopodium album) in Soybeans (Glycine max)

Weed Science ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kent Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Threshold Level ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Significant Treatment ◽  
Weed Biomass ◽  
Common Lambsquarters

Multiple regression and response surface plots were used to analyze the effects of common lambsquarters population density and interference duration on weed growth and soybean seed yield. Under favorable growing conditions in 1986, weed biomass production at all population densities and interference durations was four to five times that produced in 1987, under less favorable conditions. However, there was no significant treatment by year interaction for soybean seed yield reduction by common lambsquarters, and production of each kg/ha weed biomass resulted in an average soybean yield reduction of 0.26 kg/ha. Utilizing 5% yield loss as an arbitrary threshold level, the regression equation predicted a common lambsquarters density threshold of 2 plants/m of row for 5 weeks of interference after crop emergence and 1 plant/m of row for 7 weeks. Seed production by individual common lambsquarters plants was highly correlated (r=0.92) with weed dry weight, and seed production ranged from 30 000 to 176 000 seeds/plant.

scholarly journals Effect of foliar application of gibberellic acid on different growth contributing characters of mungbean

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-238
Author(s):  
MM Rahman ◽  
ABMMM Khan ◽  
MM Hasan ◽  
LA Banu ◽  
MHK Howlader
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Optimum Level ◽  
Yield Parameters ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Pod Length ◽  
Dry Matter Weight ◽  
Thousand Seed Weight ◽  
Physiological Characters

The comparative growth and yield performances between two Mungbean (BARI Mung 6 and BARI Mung 5) varieties with foliar application of GA3 (0, 50, 100 and 150 ppm) were studied to find out the suitable variety and optimum level of GA3 application. The design of experiment followed was RCBD. Data on morpho-physiological characteristics were recorded at 15, 25, 35, 45and 55 days after sowing (DAS) and yield contributing parameters were recorded only at harvest stage. The results showed that application of GA3 @ 100 ppm produced better performance on morpho-physiological characters namely, plant height (56.59cm), number of leaves per plant (10.75), branches per plant (4.75), length of root (24.73cm), total dry matter weight (12.67g)which were recorded from the variety BARI mung 6 with the foliar application of GA3 @ 100 ppm. Yield contributing characters were also showed the highest performance in terms of number of pods per plant (23.40), pod length (6.67cm), number of seeds per pod (12.82), thousand seed weight (33.95 g), seed yield (7.53 g/plant and 1.92 t ha–1), and harvest index (35.36%) which were the highest with the application of 100 ppm GA3 in case of BARI Mung 6. Single and combined effects of treatments were found statistically significant. Between two varieties BARI Mung 6, among the treatments GA3 @ 100 ppm as foliar application and interaction effect of GA3 @ 100 ppm and BARI mung 6 showed the highest performance in respect of all growth and yield parameters. Progressive Agriculture 29 (3): 233-238, 2018

scholarly journals Toleransi Galur Harapan Padi Sawah (Oryza sativa L.) pada Persaingan dengan Gulma Echinochloa crus-galli

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 111
Author(s):  
Usman , ◽  
Bambang Sapta Purwoko ◽  
Muhamad Syukur ◽  
Dan Dwi Guntoro
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Barnyard Grass ◽  
Main Plot ◽  
Productive Tiller ◽  
Dry Matter Weight

<em>ABSTRACT<br /><br />Barnyard grass (Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv.) is a major weed competitor to rice production in Indonesia. In order to develop integrated weed management program, a research to select competitive rice lines to E. crus-galli was conducted in a green house of Indonesian Centre of Agricultural Biotechnology and Genetic Resource Research and Development Bogor. The research design was split plot with four replications, E. crus-galli was designed as the main plot (rice without E. crus-galli compared  rice with four E. crus-galli per pot), and the sub-plots were 25 genotypes (23 lines, 1 tolerant variety and 1 sensitive variety). Level of tolerance was determined by the reduction percentage of grains weight, the number of productive tillers and dry matter weight. The results showed that rice competition with E. crus-galli reduced plant height, productive tiller numbers, filled spikelet numbers per panicle, dry matter weight and dry grain weight. Three lines, i.e., IR10L-155, IR10L-133 and BIO-R84-1 were classified as tolerant, 19 lines were moderate and 3 lines were sensitive to E. crus-galli competition.<br /><br />Keywords: Barnyard grass, competition, sensitive line, yield reduction </em>

Broadleaf Weed Interference in Sugarbeets (Beta vulgaris)

Weed Science ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 128-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. E. Schweizer
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Beta Vulgaris ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Root Yield ◽  
Kochia Scoparia ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Weed Interference ◽  
Intensity Of Competition

Interference within a mixture of equal densities of common lambsquarters (Chenopodium albumL.), kochia [Kochia scoparia(L.) Schrad.], and redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexusL.) in sugarbeets (Beta vulgarisL. ‘Mono Hy D2’) was determined in a 3-yr field study. Yield of sugarbeet roots and sucrose per hectare decreased as intensity of competition from equal populations of these three weeds increased. At densities of 6, 12, 18, and 24 broadleaf weeds per 30 m of row, root yields were reduced 13, 24, 33, and 39%, respectively. Sucrose yields were reduced similarly. Fewer than three weeds per 30 m of row did not significantly reduce root yield. Reduction in root yield (Y) of sugarbeets caused by specific densities (X) of the three broadleaf weeds was predicted by using the linear equation Y = 1.64 + 1.88 X. The actual reductions in yield were always less than the predicted reductions when this equation was tested against 36 weed control systems because the competitive ability of broadleaf weeds that were treated with herbicides, but not killed, was suppressed during the growing season. By harvest, broadleaf weeds present in weed-control-system plots weighed an average of 75 to 85% less than broadleaf weeds present in nontreated plots.

Long-Term Control of Perennial Broadleaf Weeds and Triazine-Resistant Common Lambsquarters (Chenopodium album) in No-Till Corn (Zea mays)

1997 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 436-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Glenn ◽  
William H. Phillips ◽  
Pablo Kalnay
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
No Till

Control and regrowth of hemp dogbane, wild blackberry, and triazine-resistant common lambsquarters (TR-CHEAL) were studied in no-till corn from 1992 to 1994. Hemp dogbane, wild blackberry, and TR-CHEAL population increased 10, 123, and 177%, respectively, between 1992 and 1994 in plots treated with PRE applications of paraquat, atrazine, and metolachlor (weedy checks). POST applications of tank mixtures of 35 g ai/ha nicosulfuron or 20 g/ha primisulfuron with 280 g/ha 2,4-D or 140 g/ha dicamba, and 560 g/ha dicamba applied alone controlled hemp dogbane, wild blackberry, and TR-CHEAL 67 to 98%. These treatments reduced the population or prevented expansion of these weeds the year following treatment. In 1992, corn yield response to weed control was inconsistent. In 1993 and 1994, all plots treated with POST herbicides yielded higher than the weedy check. Corn yield of plots treated with combinations of nicosulfuron or primisulfuron with 2,4-D or dicamba and 560 g/ha dicamba applied alone were 102 to 149% and 124 to 153% higher than the weedy check in 1993 and 1994, respectively.

scholarly journals Common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album) interference with corn across the northcentral United States

Weed Science ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 1034-1038 ◽  
Author(s):  
David W. Fischer ◽  
R. Gordon Harvey ◽  
Thomas T. Bauman ◽  
Sam Phillips ◽  
Stephen E. Hart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Management Decision ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Weed Density

Variation in crop–weed interference relationships has been shown for a number of crop–weed mixtures and may have an important influence on weed management decision-making. Field experiments were conducted at seven locations over 2 yr to evaluate variation in common lambsquarters interference in field corn and whether a single set of model parameters could be used to estimate corn grain yield loss throughout the northcentral United States. Two coefficients (IandA) of a rectangular hyperbola were estimated for each data set using nonlinear regression analysis. TheIcoefficient represents corn yield loss as weed density approaches zero, andArepresents maximum percent yield loss. Estimates of both coefficients varied between years at Wisconsin, andIvaried between years at Michigan. When locations with similar sample variances were combined, estimates of bothIandAvaried. Common lambsquarters interference caused the greatest corn yield reduction in Michigan (100%) and had the least effect in Minnesota, Nebraska, and Indiana (0% yield loss). Variation inIandAparameters resulted in variation in estimates of a single-year economic threshold (0.32 to 4.17 plants m−1of row). Results of this study fail to support the use of a common yield loss–weed density function for all locations.

Influence of Temperature on Absorption, Translocation, and Metabolism of Pyrazon in Sugar Beets

Weed Science ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ephraim Koren ◽  
Floyd M. Ashton
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Sugar Beets ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Root Absorption ◽  
Parallel Increase ◽  
Minor Metabolite ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Increased Susceptibility

Autoradiographic studies showed that regardless of whether 5-amino-4-chloro-2-phenyl-3(2H)-pyridazinone (pyrazon) was applied to the leaves or to the roots of sugar beet (Beta vulgarisL.) plants, it moved in the apoplastic system. The pattern of pyrazon distribution from root absorption in sugar beet seedlings was identical at either 35 or 18.3 C. However, root absorption at 35 C was twice as great as at 18.3 C; and translocation of pyrazon into the shoot was more rapid at the high temperature. A major metabolite of pyrazon, a pyrazon-glucose conjugate, was produced in leaves and cotyledons but not in roots of sugar beets. A minor metabolite, less than 5%, was found in sugar beet leaves. Pyrazon was not metabolized by the susceptible species common lambsquarters (Chenopodium albumL.). The rate of pyrazon-glucose conjugate formation in pyrazon-infiltrated sugar beet leaf discs was practically identical at 35 and 18.3 C. Therefore, it was concluded that the increased susceptibility of sugar beets to pyrazon at higher temperatures was due to an increase in absorption and translocation of the herbicide at higher temperatures which was not accompanied by a parallel increase in the conversion of pyrazon to its glucose conjugate.

Absorption and Translocation of Pyrazon by Plants

Weed Science ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 365-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Frank ◽  
C. M. Switzer
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Beta Vulgaris ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Sugar Beet Plant ◽  
Sugar Beets ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Leaf Tissues

Pyrazon (5-amino-4-chloro-2-phenyl-3(2H)-pyridazinone) was absorbed by the roots of both common lambsquarters (Chenopodium albumL.) and sugar beets (Beta vulgarisL.) and translocated in an acropetal direction to all parts of the plant. Common lambsquarters plants accumulated greater amounts of3H-pyrazon per gram of tissue than did sugar beet plants and this was especially true of leaf tissues. Translocation into the leaves of both species occurred equally into mature and developing leaves. Neither basipetal nor acropetal translocation of pyrazon occurred following leaf applications of3H-pyrazon. Pyrazon accumulated in the leaves of common lambsquarters, but it was metabolized when absorbed into sugar beets. Roots, petioles, and leaf blades of beets rapidly metabolized pyrazon while only roots metabolized pyrazon in common lambsquarters. Selectivity of pyrazon appeared to be associated with the rate of metabolic breakdown occurring in the leaf. Accumulations occurred in the susceptible common lambsquarters plant while metabolism kept pace with uptake in the leaves of the tolerant sugar beet plant.

Common Lambsquarters (Chenopodium album) Competition and Time of Removal in Soybeans (Glycine max)

Weed Science ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 38 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 358-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa M. Crook ◽  
Karen A. Renner
Keyword(s):  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Drought Conditions ◽  
Degree Of Control ◽  
Postemergence Herbicides

Field studies were conducted in 1987 and 1988 to evaluate the control and competitiveness of common lambsquarters in soybeans when present at four densities and when removed at four time intervals. Common lambsquarters were removed by hand or treated with a postemergence herbicide application of bentazon plus acifluorfen. Common lambsquarters could remain 10 weeks following soybean emergence before a 20% soybean yield reduction occurred when weeds were removed by hand. When treatment was attempted with postemergence herbicides, a 20% yield reduction occurred in 1987 if application was not made prior to 5 weeks after emergence. In 1988, all postemergence herbicide applications failed to control lambsquarters due to drought conditions. The postemergence herbicide's degree of control was reflected in the number of remaining lambsquarters plants. Common lambsquarters seed production and germination was not influenced by postemergence herbicide application. There was a strong correlation between dry weight of uncontrolled common lambsquarters plants and seed produced per plant.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document