Recommendations: Environmental Protection, Particularly Activities to Prevent Further Desertification

1988 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-34
Author(s):  
Leongard Goncharov ◽  
C.S. Whitaker
Keyword(s):  
International Organizations ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Direct And Indirect Effects ◽  
Critical Problem ◽  
Effective Response ◽  
Weather Patterns ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Available Technology

Another critical problem for Africa, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa is that of desertification. The crisis of desertification in the Sahel and other dryland regions of Africa increases exponentially, that is, its effects are incrementally debilitating. Each year of delay in dealing with this problem in an effective way, using available technology and resources, moves the problem further beyond our capacity to handle it. Furthermore, desertification has many direct and indirect effects on, among others, food production, land use, transport, housing, and weather patterns, further compounding the problem. The scale of the problem is enormous, and neither African governments nor international organizations organizations have mounted an effective response. The problem of desertification in Africa is, however, to a great extent, a tale of opportunities missed. The application of existing technology and resources has encountered obstacles and resistance, while potential resources have failed to materialize.

China’s Economic Impacts on Latin America

2018 ◽  
pp. 254-283
Author(s):  
Rhys Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Economic Impact ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Economic Impacts ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Direct And Indirect Effects ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Impact

The chapter considers three aspects of China’s economic impact on Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). It looks first at the direct and indirect effects of increased Chinese demand for commodities, which benefitted a number of LAC economies in the short and medium term. China’s role in financing and building infrastructure in the region has been less significant than in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). The impact on manufacturing has been of much greater concern, with all the main countries in the region facing increased competition in the domestic market, and those that had developed significant exports of manufactures also losing out in third markets. Three case studies of Brazil, Mexico, and Chile illustrate different patterns of economic relations between China and Latin America.

scholarly journals Getting Old Well in Sub Saharan Africa: Exploring the Social and Structural Drivers of Subjective Wellbeing among Elderly Men and Women in Uganda

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 2347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Rishworth ◽  
Susan J. Elliott ◽  
Joseph Kangmennaang
Keyword(s):  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Subjective Wellbeing ◽  
Community Support ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Direct And Indirect Effects ◽  
Structural Determinants ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Socio Economic Variables

While literature attempts to explain why self-reported subjective wellbeing (SWB) generally increases with age in most high-income countries based on a social determinants of a health framework, little work attempts to explain the low levels of self-report SWB among older persons in sub-Saharan Africa. Using the 2013 Uganda Study on Global Aging and Health with 470 individuals, this research examines (i) direct and indirect effects of age on SWB through social and structural determinants, and (ii) how direct and indirect effects vary by gender. Results show a significant direct and negative effect of age on SWB (β = 0.42, p = 0.01). Six indirect paths were statistically significant and their indirect effects on wellbeing varied by gender. Providing support, education, working status, asset level, financial status and financial improvement were significantly positively associated with men’s SWB, whereas younger age, providing community support, participating in group activities, number of close friends/relatives, government assistance and all socio-economic variables were significantly positively associated with women’s SWB. Strategies to address gendered economic, social and political inequalities among and between elderly populations are urgently needed.

China’s Economic Impacts on Sub-Saharan Africa

2018 ◽  
pp. 149-182
Author(s):  
Rhys Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Economic Impacts ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Direct And Indirect Effects ◽  
Domestic Industry ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
The Impact

The chapter considers three key aspects of China’s economic impact on Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). First, the direct and indirect effects of increased Chinese demand for commodities, which benefitted a number of SSA economies in the short and medium term, are looked at. China’s major contribution to development in the region has been through financing and building infrastructure. Finally, the impact on SSA manufacturing is analyzed. Despite concerns about the negative impact on domestic industry, it only appears to be a major problem in South Africa. However, optimistic views of the potential for Chinese firms to contribute to industrialization in the region appear over-optimistic. The chapter also includes case studies of the impact of China’s economic involvement in Angola, Ethiopia, and South Africa, which represent three different types of Sino-African relations.

Pastoralism in sub-Saharan Africa

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diane Gifford-Gonzalez
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Human Genetics ◽  
Lipid Analysis ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Dairy Production ◽  
Southwest Asia ◽  
Sheep And Goats ◽  
Pastoral Mobility ◽  
Sub Saharan

African pastoralism is distinctive from that of Southwest Asia, focusing on dairy production with cattle, sheep, and goats. The latter were domesticated in Southwest Asia and introduced, but debate continues on whether indigenous African aurochs contributed genes to African domestic cattle. Pastoralism emerged in what was then a grassy Sahara and shifted south with the mid-Holocene aridification. Zooarchaeology and genetics show the donkey is a mid-Holocene African domesticate, emerging as an aid to pastoral mobility during increasing aridity. Pastoralism is the earliest form of domesticate-based food production in sub-Saharan Africa, with farming emerging millennia later. Human genetics and lipid analysis of Saharan ceramics shows an early reliance on dairying. With the emergence of pastoralism, new economies and social relations emerged that were carried by pastoralists across the whole of Africa.

Recommendations: The Development of the Agrarian Sector, with Emphasis on Food Production and Distribution

1988 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-33
Author(s):  
Michael F. Lofchie ◽  
Gleb V. Smirnov
Keyword(s):  
Food Production ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Food Distribution ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Debt Burden ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Ecological Problems ◽  
Production And Distribution ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Investment Goods

A critical problem for Africa is that of food production and distribution, highlighted by declines in food production, widespread hunger, and famine. There are several interrelated sources of this problem, both domestic and external. Among them are ecological problems, engendered by climatic and natural conditions; land fertility depletion in many regions of sub-Saharan Africa; the extreme scarcity of financial resources, accentuated by the debt burden and falling terms of trade; a deficit of investment goods and research and development facilities needed for agricultural development; and weaknesses in rural infrastructure, both economic and social. Unbalanced interaction between the rural and urban economies as well as archaic socioeconomic structures play a major role in the problems of food distribution, with consequent effects on food production.

scholarly journals Ancient DNA reveals a multistep spread of the first herders into sub-Saharan Africa

Science ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 365 (6448) ◽  
pp. eaaw6275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary E. Prendergast ◽  
Mark Lipson ◽  
Elizabeth A. Sawchuk ◽  
Iñigo Olalde ◽  
Christine A. Ogola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Age ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Eastern Africa ◽  
Multiphase Model ◽  
Later Stone Age ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Genome Wide Data ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Pastoral Neolithic

How food production first entered eastern Africa ~5000 years ago and the extent to which people moved with livestock is unclear. We present genome-wide data from 41 individuals associated with Later Stone Age, Pastoral Neolithic (PN), and Iron Age contexts in what are now Kenya and Tanzania to examine the genetic impacts of the spreads of herding and farming. Our results support a multiphase model in which admixture between northeastern African–related peoples and eastern African foragers formed multiple pastoralist groups, including a genetically homogeneous PN cluster. Additional admixture with northeastern and western African–related groups occurred by the Iron Age. These findings support several movements of food producers while rejecting models of minimal admixture with foragers and of genetic differentiation between makers of distinct PN artifacts.

Accelerating food production in sub-Saharan Africa

1987 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 700-700
Author(s):  
A. M. Thomson
Keyword(s):  
Food Production ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Sub Saharan
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