scholarly journals Contrasting Supply-side, Demand-side and Combined Approaches to Labour Market Integration

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 311-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
KJETIL FRØYLAND ◽  
TONE ALM ANDREASSEN ◽  
SIMON INNVÆR
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Market Integration ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Work Capacity ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
Demand Side ◽  
Labour Market Integration ◽  
Active Labour ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Do So

AbstractIn social policy discussions about activation or ALMP (Active Labour Market Policies), most attention is paid to supply-side approaches, directed towards jobless individuals. In these discussions, little attention is given to demand-side approaches aimed at activating employers, or combined workplace-oriented approaches that combine supply and demand-side elements. The aim of this article is to introduce demand-side and combined approaches developed within the fields of disability policy and vocational rehabilitation to scholarly discussions about activation and ALMP.By comparing these three approaches, we show that demand-side and combined approaches challenge key assumptions underlying the dominant supply-side approaches. They do so by representing different views of a) work – as a right instead of a duty; b) the problem of reduced work capacity – not as individual failure, but rather as a prejudice in attitudes among employers or as a gap between capacities and demands; c) the employers and the labour market – as transformable instead of fixed.Supply-side, demand-side and combined workplace-oriented approaches share the aim of labour market integration; however, their developments seem to have taken place largely in isolation from each other. We argue that when brought together they could form a more comprehensive base for further development of labour market integration.

A Case for Public Sector Job Creation Schemes

1992 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Burgess
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Job Creation ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
Effective Work ◽  
Active Labour ◽  
The Government

It is recognised that for efficiency and equity reasons that governments need to implement active labour market programs (LMP). Such programs can help to improve the matching of labour supply and demand, reduce wage inflation pressures generated where labour markets are subject to supply shortages and bottlenecks, assist disadvantaged labour market participants obtain employment, help reduce poverty and income inequalities generated by the persistence of long-term unemployment, and they can raise overall productivity levels and living standards. What is at issue is not the need for LMP, but the type and mix of LMP required in Australia. The government has embarked upon a substantially supply side orientated LMP aimed at improving the employment prospects of the unemployed. On the demand side this has been augmented by a private sector wage subsidy program (JOBSTART). Such a mix of LMP is inappropriate for addressing the labour market problems associated with a recession. The government should, as a matter of urgency, consider the immediate introduction of a public sector job creation scheme (PSJCS). The advantages of such a program include its potential to directly address the problem of long-term unemployment (LTU), assist disadvantaged communities and provide an effective work experience support for the plethora of supply side LMP. Such a program could be effectively delivered by utilising the existing administrative structures of the CES and local government.

The role of social enterprises in facilitating labour market integration for people with disabilities: A convenient deflection from policy mainstreaming?

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
CHERYL HIU-KWAN CHUI ◽  
CHEE HON CHAN ◽  
YANTO CHANDRA
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Market Integration ◽  
People With Disabilities ◽  
Social Enterprises ◽  
Labour Market Integration ◽  
Job Opportunities ◽  
Primary Means ◽  
Work Integration ◽  
Disability Employment

Abstract Policymakers have increasingly embraced social enterprises as a vehicle to create job opportunities for the disadvantaged. However, there is limited research on social enterprises in the context of disability in relation to labour market integration. Drawing on the perspectives of representatives of work integration social enterprises and people with disabilities employed in these enterprises (n=21), this study examines whether and how work integration social enterprises promote inclusion for people with disabilities, and also explores the role of WISEs in enabling people with disabilities to transition into open employment. Thematic analysis revealed three key emergent themes: Cocooned inclusion but not transition; Reinforced normative demarcation; and WISEs as a deflection from institutionalizing proactive disability policy measures. This article argues that, although WISEs were able to provide job opportunities for people with disabilities, their purported function in enabling disabled people to transition into open employment remains constrained by factors beyond their control including prevailing norms and the absence of proactive disability employment measures. This article cautions against the over-romanticisation of WISEs as the primary means to ensure the rights of people with disabilities to participate in the labour market. Implications on disability employment policies in relation to social enterprises are discussed.

scholarly journals Pre-migration preparation and the labour market integration of skilled immigrants

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather Robbins
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Federal Government ◽  
Market Integration ◽  
Home Country ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Skilled Immigrants ◽  
Labour Market Integration ◽  
Regulatory Bodies ◽  
Labour Market Outcomes ◽  
Recent Attention

Canada has been attracting higher numbers of skilled immigrants in order to address labour shortages and fuel economic growth, yet the labour market outcomes of this group remain disappointingly poor. While a variety of initiatives have been introduced by the federal government to address the situation once skilled immigrants have arrived in Canada, recent attention has focused on preparing them for the labour market while they are still in their home country. These pre-migration preparation initiatives consist of the provision of information, referral and path-finding via online resources and in-person services. This paper will examine each initiative in order to evaluate its content and delivery system and to determine how effectively pre-migration initiatives allow skilled immigrants to prepare for the Canadian labour market and to what extent they contribute to the improvement of labour market integration. The paper also considers the key role played by the regulatory bodies and employers.

scholarly journals Arbeidsgehandicapten en de Participatiewet

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rudi Wielers ◽  
Jacques van Hoof
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Supported Employment ◽  
Main Argument ◽  
Market Position ◽  
Active Labour Market Policies ◽  
Active Labour ◽  
Labour Participation ◽  
Labour Market Position ◽  
Further Development

Incapacitated workers and the Labour Participation Law Incapacitated workers and the Labour Participation Law In this new rubric, the editorial board of Journal of Labour Issues has asked informed researchers whether the new Dutch Labour Participation Law that is operative since the beginning of 2015 improves the labour market position of incapacitated workers. The main goal of this new law is to place a larger number of incapacitated workers in regular instead of state-subsidized work places. The researchers hesitate to answer the question in the affirmative. Their main argument is that the willingness of regular employers to hire incapacitated workers in the Netherlands is low, and that active labour market policies are necessary to improve the labour market position of incapacitated workers. The new law might renew the interest of regular employers in this category of workers, but may also curb the further development of new and promising instruments to create sheltered work places, such as group secondment and supported employment.

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