scholarly journals The Early Bronze Age figurine from Hasanoğlan, central Turkey: new archaeometrical insights

2016 ◽  
Vol 66 ◽  
pp. 17-22
Author(s):  
Thomas Zimmermann ◽  
Latif Özen
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Bronze Age ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Early Bronze Age ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Critical Comparison ◽  
Central Turkey

AbstractThe following article discusses the archaeometrical dimension of a well-known Early Bronze Age metal figurine from Hasanoğlan, Turkey, on permanent display in the Anatolian Civilisations Museum in Ankara. The transfer of the object to a new display case allowed for an examination with a portable x-ray fluorescence (P-XRF) device in order to reveal the chemical composition of the statuette and its attached ornaments. The figurine was confirmed to be made of silver. However, it is alloyed with a small but still substantial amount of copper. The applications are basically made of gold, but with a suspected substantial (up to 23%) amount of silver involved. The final section of the article is dedicated to a critical comparison with recently published figurines from Alaca Höyük, together with an archaeological and chronological reappraisal of this unique piece of art.

scholarly journals Materiał kostny z czterech grobów kultury strzyżowskiej wyeksplorowanych w latach 2015-2016 na stanowisku 15 w Rogalinie w świetle badań interdyscyplinarnych

2021 ◽  
Vol 69 ◽  
pp. 85-109
Author(s):  
Dorota Lorkiewicz-Muszyńska ◽  
Monica Abreu-Głowacka ◽  
Wojciech Kociemba ◽  
Mariusz Glapiński ◽  
Eliza Michalak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Skeletal Remains ◽  
Early Bronze Age ◽  
Burial Site ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Western Ukraine ◽  
The Town

In 2008 a burial site was discovered in Rogalin (eastern Poland). Interdisciplinary investigations were carried out and it was concluded that the site was a unique example of Strzyżów culture, an agricultural culture found in eastern Poland and western Ukraine, dated to the Early Bronze Age (2000/1950–1600 BC ). Strzyżów culture spread over the area from the eastern part of Lublin Upland (area between the upper Wieprz river and Bug river) to the area of south-western Volhynia crossing Horyn river in present-day Ukraine. The highest density of its sites is in the territory of Horodło Plateau and near the town of Hrubieszów. Sixteen graves were discovered between 2009 and 2016. The aim of the study was to conduct analysis of skeletal remains from four burial graves – no. 13, 14, 15, and 16 excavated in 2015 and 2016. Research was based on macroscopic, stereomicroscopic analysis, X-ray and CT examinations.

An arena for cultural contact: Paphlagonia (north-central Turkey) through prehistory

2007 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
pp. 25-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger Matthews
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Early Bronze Age ◽  
Upper Palaeolithic ◽  
Apparent Absence ◽  
North Central ◽  
Cultural Contact ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Central Turkey

AbstractThe results from five seasons of extensive and intensive survey in north-central Turkey, Project Paphlagonia, are here considered in relation to the prehistory of the region and the broader geographical scene. While the evidence remains limited and patchy it is possible to discern some clear patterns through these long time-periods, which in some respects match those of other regions of Turkey and beyond. They include: a strong Middle Palaeolithic presence; no detectable Upper Palaeolithic or Epi-Palaeolithic sites; an apparent absence of Neolithic settlement; a Chalcolithic settlement pattern that appears to be related to exploitation of raw materials of the region, and; a massive increase in settlement through the centuries of the Early Bronze Age, with evidence for fortification, cemeteries and strong connections to regions well beyond north-central Turkey.

Early Bronze Age Development in the Keban Reservoir, East-Central Turkey

1969 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 128-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Whallon, ◽  
Sonmez Kantman
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Early Bronze Age ◽  
East Central ◽  
Central Turkey

scholarly journals An easy non-invasive X-ray diffraction method to determine the composition of Na-pyroxenes from high-density `greenstone' implements

2007 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Giustetto ◽  
Giacomo Chiari ◽  
Roberto Compagnoni
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Bronze Age ◽  
Diffraction Method ◽  
Western Alps ◽  
Polished Surface ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Metamorphic Belt ◽  
Trade Routes ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Non Invasive

A large number of polished stone implements from Palaeolithic to Bronze Age sites of Northern Italy and Southern France are made of high-pressure (HP) metamorphic rocks (eclogite and related rocks), mainly consisting of Na-pyroxene (jadeite to omphacite) from the metamorphic belt of the Western Alps. The standard archaeometric study of prehistoric stone implements follows a procedure that is invasive, expensive and time-consuming. Since Na-pyroxenes may show a large compositional range, a thorough study of the variations affecting thedhklvalues, obtained by X-ray diffraction, of three selected reflections as a function of different chemical composition was carried out, in order to determine the chemistry of Na-pyroxene isomorphic mixtures and roughly evaluate their relative amounts. These reflections (\bar221, 310, 002) are sharp, intense and sensitive to the variation of pyroxene chemical composition. Using suchdhklvalues measured on pyroxenes of known chemistry, a Ca-pyroxene(Di)–jadeite(Jd)–aegirine(Ae) compositional diagram was constructed, from which the composition of an unknown pyroxene can be estimated within an error of about 5%. When the size of the object is relatively small and a flat polished surface is present, the proposed analytical procedure becomes totally non-invasive. The data obtained shed light on the provenance sources of such implements and the prehistoric trade routes.

The Biconvex Seals of Alişar Höyük

1993 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 163-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald L. Gorny
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Early Bronze Age ◽  
University Of Chicago ◽  
Oriental Institute ◽  
The One ◽  
The University ◽  
Central Turkey ◽  
Archaeological Excavations

Archaeological excavations were conducted at Alişar Höyük in central Turkey from 1927 to 1932 by the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago. The six years of investigation uncovered evidence that indicated the mound had been occupied intermittently from at least the Early Bronze Age through the modern Turkish period. The premature cessation of excavations at the site, however, left many issues unresolved, a situation that has bedeviled Anatolian specialists up to the present day.Foremost among the problems left unsettled by the Oriental Institute excavations was the question of whether a Late Bronze II settlement (1400–1200 B.C.) had existed at the site, an issue that was raised by the discovery at Alişar of cuneiform tablets written in the Old Assyrian script that referred to a town called Amkuwa, known also from Hittite texts as Ankuwa. On the basis of these references, scholars were quick to associate Amkuwa/Ankuwa with Alişar. The problem with this equation is that, on the one hand, a Hittite text dating to the reign of Hittite king Ḫattušili III makes it clear that Ankuwa was occupied in the LB II.

scholarly journals New insights into early bronze age damascene technique north of the alps

2013 ◽  
Vol 93 ◽  
pp. 25-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Berger ◽  
Katja Hunger ◽  
Sabine Bolliger-Schreyer ◽  
Daniel Grolimund ◽  
Stefan Hartmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Microscopic Examination ◽  
Early Bronze Age ◽  
Radiographic Imaging ◽  
Metal Base ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Interdisciplinary Project ◽  
The Alps

Damascening, defined in this context as the inlay of one metal into a different metal base, is a rare decorative technique in the Early Bronze Age, known only from seven bronze artefacts found north of the Alps. This paper reports on the first thorough scientific examination of one such find, the axe from Thun-Renzenbühl grave no. 1. This interdisciplinary project involving several institutions in Germany and Switzerland investigated the axe by means of neutron radiographic imaging and X-ray microprobe methods, supported by microscopic examination. The result is an attempt to reconstruct the fabrication and decoration process and to reconsider the enigmatic question of the origins of the damascene technique north of the Alps.

scholarly journals Mineralogical Characterization of Early Bronze Age Pottery from the Svilengrad-Brantiite Site, Southeastern Bulgaria

Minerals ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Masanori Kurosawa ◽  
Masao Semmoto ◽  
Toru Shibata
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Granitic Rocks ◽  
Early Bronze Age ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Material Source ◽  
Mineralogical Characterization ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Fine Clay

Several pottery sherds from the Svilengrad-Brantiite site, Bulgaria, were mineralogically and petrographically analyzed. The aim was to add information to the very scarce material data available for Early Bronze Age pottery in the southeastern Thrace plain, Bulgaria, in order to examine a possible raw-material source of the pottery. The characterization techniques applied were optical microscopy (OM), petrographic microscopy (PM), scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The pottery samples consisted of two typological groups: a local-made type and a cord-impressed decoration type influenced by foreign cultures. All of the samples were produced from fine clay pastes that had a quite similar composition, with abundant mineral grains of similar mineral composition and fragments of metamorphic and granitic rocks. The chemical compositions of each mineral in the grains and fragments were almost identical, and consistent with those from metamorphic and granitic rocks from the Sakar-Strandja Mountains near the study site. The clay paste compositions corresponded to those of illite/smectite mixed-layer clay minerals or mixtures of illite and smectite, and the clay-mineral species were consistent with those in Miocene–Pleistocene or Holocene sediments surrounding the site.

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