Galactic nonthermal radiation. Distribution of SNRs and pulsars

1979 ◽  
Vol 84 ◽  
pp. 113-118
Author(s):  
R. Wielebinski
Keyword(s):  
Supernova Remnants ◽  
Angular Resolution ◽  
Galactic Plane ◽  
Hii Regions ◽  
Radio Continuum ◽  
Continuum Emission ◽  
Nonthermal Radiation ◽  
Radiation Distribution ◽  
Nonthermal Emission ◽  
The Galaxy

All sky surveys of the radio continuum emission give us the basic information on the distribution of the nonthermal emission in the Galaxy. At metre wavelengths, where nonthermal emission is dominant, good angular resolution is difficult to attain. For many years the best surveys near 2 m wavelength gave us a picture of the galaxy with ∼ 2° resolution. At centimetre wavelengths, where arc min resolution is available, the intense HII regions dominate the radio sky. Supernova remnants have a distribution somewhat similar to that of the discrete HII regions and must be delineated by various methods in high resolution galactic plane surveys in the decimetre wavelength range.

scholarly journals Radio Continuum Observations of the Barred Galaxy NGC 4314

1987 ◽  
Vol 115 ◽  
pp. 626-627 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.A. García-Barreto ◽  
P. Pişmiş
Keyword(s):  
Angular Resolution ◽  
Radio Continuum ◽  
Continuum Emission ◽  
No Emission ◽  
The Galaxy ◽  
Thermal Origin ◽  
Linearly Polarized ◽  
Barred Spiral Galaxy ◽  
Compact Sources ◽  
The Continuum

VLA observations have been made of the continuum emission at 20-cm from the barred spiral galaxy NGC 4314 with an angular resolution of 3.5 arcseconds that corresponds to a linear scale of approximately 156 pc at a distance to the galaxy. This resolution was sufficient to resolve the central region into several compact sources. The radiation is linearly polarized which may indicate a non-thermal origin. No emission was detected from the extended bar to a level of 130 Jy.

scholarly journals Radio continuum emission in the northern Galactic plane: Sources and spectral indices from the THOR survey

2018 ◽  
Vol 619 ◽  
pp. A124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Wang ◽  
S. Bihr ◽  
M. Rugel ◽  
H. Beuther ◽  
K. G. Johnston ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Supernova Remnants ◽  
Milky Way ◽  
Galactic Plane ◽  
High Redshift ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Large Percentage ◽  
Radio Continuum ◽  
Continuum Emission ◽  
High Angular Resolution ◽  
Spectral Indices

Context Radio continuum surveys of the Galactic plane can find and characterize H II regions, supernova remnants (SNRs), planetary nebulae (PNe), and extragalactic sources. A number of surveys at high angular resolution (≤25″) at different wavelengths exist to study the interstellar medium (ISM), but no comparable high-resolution and high-sensitivity survey exists at long radio wavelengths around 21 cm. Aims. Our goal is to investigate the 21 cm radio continuum emission in the northern Galactic plane at < 25″ resolution. Methods We observed a large percentage of the Galactic plane in the first quadrant of the Milky Way (l = 14.0−67.4° and |b| ≤ 1.25°) with the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (VLA) in the C-configuration covering six continuum spectral windows (SPW). These data provide a detailed view on the compact as well as extended radio emission of our Galaxy and thousands of extragalactic background sources. Results We used the BLOBCAT software and extracted 10 916 sources. After removing spurious source detections caused by the side lobes of the synthesized beam, we classified 10 387 sources as reliable detections. We smoothed the images to a common resolution of 25″ and extracted the peak flux density of each source in each SPW to determine the spectral indices α (assuming I(ν) ∝ να). By cross-matching with catalogs of H II regions, SNRs, PNe, and pulsars, we found radio counterparts for 840 H II regions, 52 SNRs, 164 PNe, and 38 pulsars. We found 79 continuum sources that are associated with X-ray sources. We identified 699 ultra-steep spectral sources (α < −1.3) that could be high-redshift galaxies. About 9000 of the sources we extracted are not classified specifically, but based on their spatial and spectral distribution, a large percentage of these are likely to be extragalactic background sources. More than 7750 sources do not have counterparts in the SIMBAD database and more than 3760 sources do not have counterparts in the NED database. Conclusions Studying the long wavelengths centimeter continuum emission and the associated spectral indices allows us to characaterize a large percentage of Galactic and extragalactic radio sources in the area of the northern inner Milky Way. This database will be extremely useful for future studies of a diverse set of astrophysical objects.

scholarly journals Dark supernova remnant

2020 ◽  
Vol 72 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshiaki Sofue
Keyword(s):  
Supernova Remnants ◽  
Supernova Remnant ◽  
Rapid Evolution ◽  
Line Emission ◽  
Radio Continuum ◽  
Star Formation History ◽  
Continuum Emission ◽  
Round Hole ◽  
Formation History ◽  
The Galaxy

Abstract An almost perfect round hole of CO-line emission with a diameter of 3.7 pc was found in a molecular cloud (MC) centered on G35.75−0.25 (l = 35${{^{\circ}_{.}}}$75, b = −0${{^{\circ}_{.}}}$25) at radial velocity of 28 km s−1. The hole is quiet in radio continuum emission, unlike the usual supernova remnants (SNR), and the molecular edge is only weakly visible in 8 and 24 μm dust emissions. The hole may be either a fully evolved molecular bubble around a young stellar object (YSO), or a relic of a radio-quiet SNR that has already stopped expansion after rapid evolution in the dense MC as a buried SNR. Because G35.75 exhibits quite different properties from YSO-driven bubbles of the same size, we prefer the latter interpretation. The existence of such a “dark” SNR would affect the estimation of the supernova rate, and therefore the star formation history, in the Galaxy.

scholarly journals The Large-Scale Distribution of Synchrotron Emissivity in the Galaxy

1981 ◽  
Vol 94 ◽  
pp. 223-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kearsey ◽  
J. L. Osborne ◽  
S. Phillipps ◽  
C.G.T. Haslam ◽  
C. J. Salter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Supernova Remnants ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Galactic Plane ◽  
Thermal Emission ◽  
Radio Continuum ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
The Galaxy ◽  
Dimensional Distribution ◽  
Alternative Approaches ◽  
Best Fit

The all-sky radio continuum map at 408 MHz presented at this symposium by Haslam et al. can be interpreted in terms of the large-scale 3-dimensional distribution of synchrotron emissivity in the Galaxy when due allowance is made for the thermal emission. Its derivation from a 2-dimensional map must involve a number of assumptions so it is instructive to compare the results of alternative approaches (described in detail in forthcoming papers by the present authors). In both cases the variation of emissivity in the galactic plane is obtained from the observed intensity profile at b=0o and then the z-variation is chosen to give the best fit to the complete map. The observed profile is shown in the figure with and without the contributions of catalogued supernova remnants and HII regions.

scholarly journals The Molonglo Galactic Plane Survey: MGPS2

2002 ◽  
Vol 199 ◽  
pp. 259-261
Author(s):  
A. J. Green
Keyword(s):  
Interstellar Medium ◽  
Supernova Remnant ◽  
Galactic Plane ◽  
Hii Regions ◽  
Radio Galaxies ◽  
Radio Continuum ◽  
The Galaxy ◽  
First Results ◽  
Made In

A survey of the southern Galactic Plane is being made in the radio continuum at 843 MHz with the Molonglo Observatory Synthesis Telescope. The area to be covered is 240° ≤ l ≤ 365°, |b| ≤ 10° with a resolution of 43″ × 43″cosec|δ| and a 3σ rms noise of ≤ 5 mJy/beam. This survey (MGPS2) will be used to search for possible new supernova remnant candidates, to image other discrete sources such as HII regions and radio galaxies located behind the Galaxy, and to study the structure of the interstellar medium. Comparison with a first epoch survey (MGPS1) will also be made. Some of the first results from MGPS2 are presented.

scholarly journals The Ratan Galactic Plane Survey

1998 ◽  
Vol 179 ◽  
pp. 103-105
Author(s):  
S.A. Trushkin
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Data ◽  
Supernova Remnants ◽  
Milky Way ◽  
Galactic Plane ◽  
Radio Continuum ◽  
Radio Sources ◽  
Optical Identification ◽  
Source Distance ◽  
The Galaxy

Now in radio continuum surveys more than 10,000 radio sources have discovered in the Milky Way plane but the Galactic origin only of a small part of them has been determined. The problem comes from the absence of estimates of source distance and the optical identification even for bright radio sources, and the most of sources have not spectral data at 2-3 frequencies. As followed some hundreds of sources have not classified as thermal or non-thermal. Now we don't know the full number of supernova remnants (SNRs) in the Galaxy. The simple estimates show that a sample of Galactic SNRs is not full as for weak and extended (> 15′) as for bright and compact (< 3′) SNRs (Trushkin 1993).

scholarly journals A search for new stellar wind sources using the Canadian Galactic Plane Survey (CGPS)

1999 ◽  
Vol 193 ◽  
pp. 384-385
Author(s):  
Serge Pineault
Keyword(s):  
Interstellar Medium ◽  
Stellar Wind ◽  
Atomic Hydrogen ◽  
Galactic Plane ◽  
Radio Continuum ◽  
Continuum Emission ◽  
The Galaxy

The CGPS is a project undertaken at the Dominion Radio Astrophysical Observatory (DRAO), in collaboration with a consortium of university astronomers, to image the atomic hydrogen and the radio continuum emission from the interstellar medium of the Galaxy. We describe the contributions this project can make to WR star research, in particular, and to the study of stellar wind sources, in general. Specific examples are presented.

scholarly journals Radio continuum emission from HII regions in the Magellanic Clouds

1964 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 283-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. S. Mathewson ◽  
J. R. Healey
Keyword(s):  
Hii Regions ◽  
Magellanic Clouds ◽  
Radio Continuum ◽  
Optical Observations ◽  
Optical Data ◽  
Continuum Emission ◽  
Considerable Proportion ◽  
Galactic Emission ◽  
The Galaxy ◽  
Thermal Origin

A considerable proportion of the radio emission at high frequencies from the Galaxy is of thermal origin. This thermal radiation appears to originate both in very extended regions and in discrete sources. It has always been difficult to compare the radio and optical data for these HII regions as galactic optical observations are hampered by heavy obscuration. However, the HII regions in the Magellanic Clouds are relatively free from obscuration, and spectrophotometry by Dickel, Aller, and Faulkner (this volume, paper 63) and Henize (1956) have provided very good measurements of Hβ and Hα flux densities and the relative intensities of the OII, OIII lines. Also the distance to the Clouds is fairly well known (about 55 kpc) so that the linear dimensions of the HII regions may be estimated with some degree of accuracy in contrast to the galactic emission nebulae.

IC4553: Masers Around an Active Galactic Nucleus

1984 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 514-516 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. P. Norris
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Structure ◽  
Active Galactic Nucleus ◽  
Velocity Structure ◽  
Galactic Plane ◽  
Far Infrared ◽  
Radio Continuum ◽  
Continuum Emission ◽  
Maser Emission ◽  
Dust Lane ◽  
The Galaxy

AbstractThe galaxy IC4553 (Arp 220) is a peculiar galaxy having a redshift of 0.02. It has been variously described as consisting of a symbiotic pair of galaxies, as having a highly peculiar pair of nuclei, or as consisting of a nucleus bisected by a dust lane. In addition, it exhibits OH maser emission which is both the most intrinsically luminous (by four orders of magnitude) and the most distant yet detected. MERLIN observations of the continuum emission at 18 cm show a core-dominated triple structure, probably indicating jets about 500 pc in extent. The integrated OH maser emission has an identical spatial structure, but when this structure is examined as a function of frequency across the line it is found that each spatial component has its greatest intensity at a different frequency. This is interpreted as amplification of the radio continuum image by the OH masers. The change in spatial structure across the emission line is caused by the velocity structure of the OH gas. Measurements of the velocities of these masers therefore reveal the kinematics of the central part of the galaxy. Optical and infrared observations indicate that at the centre of the galaxy is a Seyfertlike active galactic nucleus, which appears double on optical plates only because of the dense dust lane which bisects the nuclear region. This indicates that IC4553 is an edge-on Seyfertlike galaxy. The OH maser radiation is a result of stimulation of the OH along the line of sight within the galactic plane by the strong far-infrared radiation from the nucleus. No abnormal conditions are required for this process, so IC4553 may not be unique, and we should search for OH maser emission in other edge-on active galaxies.

scholarly journals A Sino-German λ6 cm polarisation survey of the Galactic plane

2019 ◽  
Vol 623 ◽  
pp. A105 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Y. Gao ◽  
P. Reich ◽  
L. G. Hou ◽  
W. Reich ◽  
J. L. Han
Keyword(s):  
Survey Data ◽  
Supernova Remnants ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Angular Resolution ◽  
Galactic Plane ◽  
Thermal Emission ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
Radio Continuum ◽  
High Angular Resolution ◽  
Radio Sources

Context. Large-scale radio continuum surveys provide data to get insights into the physical properties of radio sources. H II regions are prominent radio sources produced by thermal emission of ionised gas around young massive stars. Aims. We identify and analyse H II regions in the Sino-German λ6 cm polarisation survey of the Galactic plane. Methods. Objects with flat radio continuum spectra together with infrared and/or Hα emission were identified as H II regions. For H II regions with small apparent sizes, we cross-matched the λ6 cm small-diameter source catalogue with the radio H II region catalogue compiled by Paladini and the infrared H II region catalogue based on the WISE data. Effelsberg λ21 cm and λ11 cm continuum survey data were used to determine source spectra. High angular resolution data from the Canadian Galactic Plane Survey and the NRAO VLA Sky Survey were used to solve the confusion when low angular resolution observations were not sufficient. Extended H II regions were identified by eye by overlaying the Paladini and the WISE H II regions onto the λ6 cm survey images for coincidences. The TT-plot method was employed for spectral index verification. Results. A total of 401 H II regions were identified and their flux densities were determined with the Sino-German λ6 cm survey data. In the surveyed area, 76 pairs of sources are found to be duplicated in the Paladini H II region catalogue, mainly due to the non-distinction of previous observations with different angular resolutions and 78 objects in their catalogue are misclassified as H II regions, being actually planetary nebulae, supernova remnants, or extragalactic sources that have steep spectra. More than 30 H II regions and H II region candidates from our λ6 cm survey data, especially extended ones, do not have counterparts in the WISE H II region catalogue, of which 9 are identified for the first time. Our results imply that some more Galactic H II regions still await to be discovered and the combination of multi-domain observations is important for H II region identification. Based on the newly derived radio continuum spectra and the evidence of infrared emission, the previously identified SNRs G11.1−1.0, G20.4+0.1 and G16.4−0.5 are believed to be H II regions.

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