Intra- and Inter-Site Variability within the Levantine Upper Palaeolithic: Evidence from Jebel Humeima (J412), South-west Jordan

2000 ◽  
Vol 66 ◽  
pp. 29-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristopher W. Kerry
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Clustering ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Upper Palaeolithic ◽  
Southern Levant ◽  
Lithic Assemblage ◽  
South West ◽  
Core Reduction ◽  
Tool Types ◽  
Site Variability

Expanded excavations at the rockshelter of Jebel Humeima (J412) in south-west Jordan provide the basis for re-evaluation of its Upper Palaeolithic lithic assemblage. Initially identified as Levantine Aurignacian, the sample is more closely aligned with the Early Ahmarian. The framework currently used for the Levantine Upper Palaeolithic, combined with spatial clustering of specific blank and tool types, is directly responsible for initial misidentification. This spatial clustering is thought to represent two distinct activity loci: early-stage core reduction and later-stage blade and tool production. This kind of technological and typological variability may also help account for some of the ambiguity within the current Upper Palaeolithic framework of the southern Levant.

Upper Palaeolithic, Mesolithic and Later Finds from Oxlease Farm, Romsey, Hampshire: Summary Report

2018 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Chris Ellis ◽  
Jacky Sommerville
Keyword(s):  
Upper Palaeolithic ◽  
Summary Report ◽  
Archaeological Excavation ◽  
Field Boundary ◽  
Lithic Assemblage ◽  
Late Roman

In March 2016, archaeological excavation was undertaken at four areas of land at Oxlease Farm, Cupernham Lane, Romsey, Hampshire. The fieldwork recovered a lithic assemblage from all four excavation areas, although the majority was recorded from a single flint-bearing deposit in Area 1. The assemblage included several elements that may belong to the Terminal Upper Palaeolithic Long Blade industry, as well as three flints of Mesolithic date. A small number of undated features were also uncovered, including pits and possible postholes, which may have been of a prehistoric date. A small and residual assemblage of Late Roman (3rd – 4th century AD) pottery was also recovered from probable medieval/post-medieval field boundary ditches or plough furrows.

Performance Gaps, Peer Effects, and Comparative Behaviour: Empirical Evidence from Swedish Local Government

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Jäkel
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Conditional Probability ◽  
Peer Effects ◽  
Spatial Clustering ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Performance Evaluations ◽  
Event History ◽  
Public Managers ◽  
Temporal And Spatial

Abstract Centralized inspections face scepticism among local public managers, and voluntary evaluations have become a popular complement. This study uses the Swedish local government benchmarking programme (Kommunens Kvalitet i Korthet) to investigate what correlates with partaking in a benchmarking exercise empirically. This study finds evidence for temporal and spatial clustering: participants cluster geographically at an early stage of the exercise, new entrants tended to attach to existing clusters of participants rather than forming new clusters themselves. From event history analyses this study also finds that the proportion of participants among direct neighbours increases the conditional probability of entering the exercise. This suggests that public managers and local councils mimic the behaviour from nearby councils when it comes to the use of performance evaluations.

The Measurement and Interpretation of Cortex in Lithic Assemblages

2005 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 545-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harold L. Dibble ◽  
Utsav A. Schurmans ◽  
Radu P. Iovita ◽  
Michael V. McLaughlin
Keyword(s):  
Lithic Assemblage ◽  
Lithic Assemblages ◽  
Solid Geometry ◽  
Alternative Method ◽  
Core Reduction

Cortex is often used as an indicator of core reduction and transport, but current measures to evaluate the observed amount of cortex in a lithic assemblage with what might be expected under particular conditions are still ambiguous. The purpose of the present study is to develop and evaluate an alternative method based on solid geometry. This method is evaluated with an experimentally produced assemblage, and implications of its application to archaeological assemblages are presented and discussed.

A Preliminary Lithic Analysis of the Mousterian Site of ’Ain Difla (WHS Site 634) in the Wadi Ali, West-Central Jordan

1987 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 279-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Lindly ◽  
Geoffrey Clark
Keyword(s):  
Phase 1 ◽  
Lithic Analysis ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Middle Palaeolithic ◽  
Upper Palaeolithic ◽  
Lithic Assemblage ◽  
West Central ◽  
Central Jordan ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Analytical Frameworks

Test excavations in 1984 at the middle palaeolithic rockshelter of 'Ain Difla (Wadi Hasa Survey Site 634) in west-central Jordan produced a lithic assemblage dominated by elongated levallois points with very few retouched tools. Length/width ratios of the levallois points and width/thickness ratios of a sample of complete flakes suggest an affinity with Tabun D/Phase 1 mousterian sites. This kind of assemblage is generally thought to occur during the early Levantine mousterian. However, there is evidence of persistence of Tabun D assemblages in the southern Levant until the middle/upper palaeolithic transition. Comparing the ’Ain Difla lithic assemblage with those of other Levantine mousterian sites underscores problems with the analytical frameworks used to ‘date’ sites through technological and metrical analyses. A rather coarse-grained regional paleoenvironmental sequence exacerbates these problems.

scholarly journals Blade Production in the Stone Industry of the Upper Palaeolithic Site Tri Skaly (Western Transbaikalian)

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 95-108
Author(s):  
Tashak V. ◽  
◽  
Antonova Yu. ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Upper Paleolithic ◽  
Upper Palaeolithic ◽  
Stone Artifacts ◽  
Western Transbaikalia ◽  
Early Upper Paleolithic ◽  
First Results ◽  
Stone Industry ◽  
Blade Production

In 2015 the investigations on a new multi-layered archaeological site named Tri Skaly started. The analysis of the stone artifacts showed that lithological layers 3–5 contains the homogenous materials‑ typical to the early stage of the Upper Palaeolithic in the Western Transbaikalia. Materials under consideration include such important component of the primary knapping as blades and cores used for blade production. The first results of the investigations showed that the industry of the Tri Skaly site is among the industries combined into Tolbaga Palaeolithic culture which is characterized by the prevailing of the making tools from stone blades. This article is devoted to the consideration of the blade component in the stone industry of the 3–5 lithological layers of the Tri Skaly site which is situated in the central part of the Selenga Highlands. Based on the studies carried out, it has been established that the typology and morphology of the main groups of stone artifacts of the Tri Skaly in most parameters are similar to the materials of such sites of the early Upper Paleolithic of Western Transbaikalia as Tolbaga and the Eastern Podzvonkoy complex. A significantly smaller number of blades of the Tri Skaly is noted in comparison with the ones from Tolbaga and the Eastern Podzvonka complex, converted into tools or used as tools without preliminary retouching. Presumably, this may be due to the specifics of the excavated area, where primary knapping was mainly carried out.

scholarly journals Genomic and evolutionary features of two AHPND positive Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains isolated from shrimp (Penaeus monodon) of south-west Bangladesh

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shawon Ahmmed ◽  
Md. Abdullah-Al-Kamran Khan ◽  
Md. Mostavi Enan Eshik ◽  
Nusrat Jahan Punom ◽  
Abul B.M.M.K. Islam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Parahaemolyticus ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Penaeus Monodon ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Secretion System ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Emergence Pattern ◽  
Toxin Genes ◽  
South West ◽  
Evolutionary Features

Abstract Background Due to its rapid lethal effect in the early stage of shrimp, acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) causing great economic losses, since its first outbreak in southeast China in 2009. Vibrio parahaemolyticus , carrying the pir A and pir B toxin genes is known to cause AHPND in shrimp. The overall objective of this study was to sequence the whole genome of AHPND positive V. parahaemolyticus strains isolated from shrimp ( Peneaus monodon ) of south-west region of Bangladesh in 2016 and 2017 and characterize the genomic features and emergence pattern of this marine pathogen. Results Two targeted AHPND positive V. parahaemolyticus strains were confirmed using PCR with 16S rRNA, ldh , AP3 and AP4 primers. The assembled genomes of strain MSR16 and MSR17 were comprised of a total of 5,393,740 bp and 5,241,592 bp, respectively. From annotation, several virulence genes involved in chemotaxis and motility, EPS type II secretion system, Type III secretion system-1 (T3SS-1) and its secreted effectors, thermolabile hemolysin were found in both strains. Importantly, the ~69 kb plasmid was identified in both MSR16 and MSR17 strains containing the two toxin genes pir A and pir B. Antibiotic resistance genes were predicted against β-lactam, fluoroquinolone, tetracycline and macrolide groups in both MSR16 and MSR17 strains. Conclusions The findings of this research may facilitate the tracking of pathogenic and/or antibiotic-resistant V. parahaemolyticus isolates between production sites, and the identification of candidate strains for the production of vaccines as an aid to control of this devastating disease. Also, the emergence pattern of this pathogen can be highlighted to determine the characteristic differences of other strains found all over the world.

scholarly journals Genomic and evolutionary features of two AHPND positive Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains isolated from shrimp (Penaeus monodon) of south-west Bangladesh

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shawon Ahmmed ◽  
Md. Abdullah-Al-Kamran Khan ◽  
Md. Mostavi Enan Eshik ◽  
Nusrat Jahan Punom ◽  
Abul B.M.M.K. Islam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Vibrio Parahaemolyticus ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Secretion System ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Emergence Pattern ◽  
Toxin Genes ◽  
South West ◽  
Evolutionary Features

Abstract Background Due to its rapid lethal effect in the early stage of shrimp, acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) causing great economic losses, since it first outbreak in southeast China in 2009. Vibrio parahaemolyticus , carrying the pir A and pir B toxin genes is known to cause AHPND in shrimp. The overall objective of this study was to sequence whole genome of AHPND positive V. parahaemolyticus strains isolated from shrimp ( Peneaus monodon ) of south-west region of Bangladesh in 2016 and 2017 and characterize the genomic features and emergence pattern of this marine pathogen. Results Two targeted AHPND positive V. parahaemolyticus strains were confirmed using PCR with 16S rRNA, ldh , AP3 and AP4 primers. The assembled genomes of strain MSR16 and MSR17 were comprised of total 5,393,740 bp and 5,241,592 bp, respectively. From annotation, several virulence genes involved in chemotaxis and motility, EPS type II secretion system, Type three secretion system-1 (TTSS-1) and its secreted effectors, thermolabile hemolysin were found in both strains. Importantly, the ~69 kb plasmid was identified in both MSR16 and MSR17 strains containing the two toxin genes pir A and pir B. Antibiotic resistance genes were predicted against β-lactam, fluoroquinolone, tetracycline, macrolide and cephalosporin groups in both MSR16 and MSR17 strains. Conclusions The findings of this research may facilitate the tracking of pathogenic and/or antibiotic resistance V. parahaemolyticus isolates between production sites, and the identification of candidate strains for production of vaccines as an aid to control of this devastating disease. Also, the emergence pattern of this pathogen can be highlighted to determine the characteristic differences of other strains found all over the world.

Intra-Site Spatial Analysis

Harney Flats ◽  
2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Randolph Daniel ◽  
Michael Wisenbaker
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Spatial Patterning ◽  
Major Goal ◽  
Tool Manufacture ◽  
Site Structure ◽  
Internal Site ◽  
Core Reduction ◽  
Tool Types ◽  
Living Area

This chapter describes attempts to elucidate the internal site structure of the Suwannee-Bolen component at Harney Flats which was a major goal of the project. SYMAPS of the flake distributions and piece-plotted artifact distributions for each excavation area are illustrated and examined with respect to ethnoarchaeological models of hunter-gatherer site structure. Spatial patterning within each area is less clear than patterning between areas. That is, while the three areas are generally similar in the range of tool types they contain, they do differ in the relative frequencies of those tool types. The assemblages of Areas 2 and 3 are interpreted to represent activities primarily associated with tool manufacture and core reduction. The Area 1 assemblage differs from the other two areas and is interpreted as a living area. Moreover, Area 1 is situated on the highest and flattest portion of the site, with Areas 2 and 3 situated farther downslope.

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