Intra-Site Spatial Analysis

Harney Flats ◽  
2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Randolph Daniel ◽  
Michael Wisenbaker
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Spatial Patterning ◽  
Major Goal ◽  
Tool Manufacture ◽  
Site Structure ◽  
Internal Site ◽  
Core Reduction ◽  
Tool Types ◽  
Living Area

This chapter describes attempts to elucidate the internal site structure of the Suwannee-Bolen component at Harney Flats which was a major goal of the project. SYMAPS of the flake distributions and piece-plotted artifact distributions for each excavation area are illustrated and examined with respect to ethnoarchaeological models of hunter-gatherer site structure. Spatial patterning within each area is less clear than patterning between areas. That is, while the three areas are generally similar in the range of tool types they contain, they do differ in the relative frequencies of those tool types. The assemblages of Areas 2 and 3 are interpreted to represent activities primarily associated with tool manufacture and core reduction. The Area 1 assemblage differs from the other two areas and is interpreted as a living area. Moreover, Area 1 is situated on the highest and flattest portion of the site, with Areas 2 and 3 situated farther downslope.

Cultural and Natural Formation Processes of a Historic Inuit Snow Dwelling Site, Somerset Island, Arctic Canada

1984 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 508-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
James M. Savelle
Keyword(s):  
Specific Activity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Snow Melt ◽  
Formation Processes ◽  
Site Structure ◽  
Internal Site ◽  
Faunal Element ◽  
Natural Formation ◽  
Somerset Island

Analysis of the remains of a historic Inuit winter site, in conjunction with information supplied by one of the original inhabitants, demonstrates that despite post-occupational disturbance in the form of snow melt and associated downslope movement, the original internal site structure was maintained. Specific activity loci are identified for two snow houses, one occupied during early winter and the other during late winter. Changes in artifact and faunal element characteristics associated with the two dwellings are shown to reflect adjustments in various hunting and domestic activities from early to late winter.

The Pre-Palaeolithic of East Anglia

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne O'Connor
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Stone Age ◽  
East Anglia ◽  
The Social ◽  
Age Sequence ◽  
The One ◽  
Tool Types

The attacks of Warren and Haward had dominated the realms of flint-fracture research, and the defensive forays of Moir and Lankester had not strengthened the cause of the pre-palaeoliths as much as they might have hoped. But Lankester was grooming Moir in another approach: how to promote the pre-palaeoliths as respectable archaeological specimens. He advised, ‘You can always state what are the accepted views & pros & cons put forward by geologists as to relative ages of deposits. But you yourself are & must be more & more, an expert & critic of the worked flints themselves.’ Moir and Lankester would identify distinct groups and types in their motley assortment of pre-palaeoliths. They would reconstruct lengthy industrial sequences, degenerating back to the Kent eoliths on the one hand and progressing to the river-drift palaeoliths on the other. Similar approaches had characterized earlier attempts to order the tools of the river drifts and caves (see Chapters 3 and 4), but Moir and Lankester were not simply aiming to understand how their industry fitted into a broader Stone-Age sequence. The existence of diVerent tool types and evolutionary stages within the Pre- Palaeolithic provided them with another opportunity to convince their critics that these flints were as reputable as any of their Palaeolithic descendants, and could be classified according to similar principles. This chapter addresses these archaeological reconstructions and then turns to the style and tone of this work. Presentation could merit as much attention as content; but though Lankester took care to select arenas that would enhance the respectability of his stones, he was often irritated by the reaction of the audience, and Moir could become enraged. For these two believers in the pre-palaeoliths, the scientific ideals of disinterested objectivity sat uneasily alongside the belligerent outbursts that punctuated their practice. For the historian, their unusual forthrightness offers a vivid glimpse of the social tactics behind Stone-Age research.

scholarly journals Hip fractures and characteristics of living area: a fine-scale spatial analysis in France

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (7) ◽  
pp. 1353-1360
Author(s):  
R. Héquette-Ruz ◽  
J.-B. Beuscart ◽  
G. Ficheur ◽  
E. Chazard ◽  
E. Guillaume ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Hip Fractures ◽  
Fine Scale ◽  
Living Area

Explaining the 2000 Lithuanian Parliamentary Elections: An Application of Contextual and New Institutional Approaches

Slavic Review ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 548-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terry D. Clark ◽  
Nerijus Prekevičius
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Rational Choice ◽  
Party System ◽  
The Other ◽  
Parliamentary Elections ◽  
Labor Party ◽  
Run Up

Lithuania’s 2000 parliamentary elections were the first in the post-Soviet era to fail to produce a majority government. Further, neither the Homeland Union nor the Democratic Labor Party entered into the ruling coalition. In this article, Terry D. Clark and Nerijus Prekevičius explore two different ways of explaining why this occurred. To answer the broader question, the first approach focuses on the particular events that occurred in the run-up to the elections. To consider why particular parties fared better or worse than expected, the second approach evaluates a set of rational choice approaches, including spatial analysis. Neither approach is preferable to the other; instead, they are complementary, each helping to resolve certain questions that are appropriate to the particular approach. To conclude, they consider the implications of their findings for the consolidation of Lithuania’s party system.

Chalton, Trench B: description of the artifact types anc tneir distributions

1983 ◽  
Vol 49 (S2) ◽  
pp. mf28-mf40
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
The Other ◽  
Tool Types

These formea 16% of tne total artifact assemblage, a very much smaller proportion than in the other valleys (48% Kiln Comte; 55% Itford Bottom). This in itself suggests either less activity hereabouts in the lithic periods or that less evidence has survived. Certainly what was found amounted to a rather unprepossessing collection including only 58 tools, tne majority of these not recognisable tool types and classified as ‘other retouched pieces’. The main recognisable tool types were simple scrapers which would not be out of place in Neolithic to Bronze Age contexts. The generally crude nature of the flint-work and the paucity of tool types, other than scrapers, might imply that much of this material belongs to the latter part of this range.

Using Refuse Disposal Patterns to Infer Olmec Site Structure in the San Lorenzo Region, Veracruz, Mexico

2005 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 449-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl J. Wendt
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Structure ◽  
Formative Period ◽  
Domestic Space ◽  
Spatial Patterning ◽  
Site Structure ◽  
San Lorenzo ◽  
Regional Center ◽  
Compound Type ◽  
Refuse Disposal ◽  
Group D

AbstractIn this paper, I use data gathered from recent excavations conducted in the San Lorenzo region to explore the nature of Olmec site structure. Most studies dealing with this topic have focused on ceremonial precincts at large regional centers. Recent archaeological investigations conducted at the low lying Early Formative period (1500–900 B.C., radiocarbon years) site of El Remolino provide a unique opportunity to study how the Olmec organized domestic space outside primary centers. Although no easily identifiable structural remains were found at El Remolino, refuse disposal patterns are used to infer architectural arrangement and also provide clues on site layout. In order to investigate variations in household spatial structure in the San Lorenzo region, the Remolino data are compared with results from household archaeological studies conducted in an elite precinct (the Group D area) at the regional center of San Lorenzo. Findings indicate that household spatial layout at El Remolino ascribed to a residentially dispersed house-lot type of spatial patterning, whereas spatial structure in the Group D area of San Lorenzo adheres closer to the more nucleated house compound type of spatial patterning.

Harney Flats

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Randolph Daniel Jr. ◽  
Michael Wisenbaker
Keyword(s):  
Stone Tool ◽  
System Perspective ◽  
Site Structure ◽  
Early Archaic ◽  
Lithic Assemblage ◽  
Florida Department ◽  
Federal Highway ◽  
Internal Site ◽  
Historical Resources ◽  
Large Living

This book presents the results of archaeological excavations conducted at Harney Flats, one of the archaeological sites found as part of the I-75 Highway Salvage Program, administered by the Florida Division of Historical Resources and funded by the Florida Department of Transportation and the Federal Highway Administration. The interstate right-of-way traversed a portion of Harney Flats, a large inland basin near Tampa Bay. Excavations there spanned several months during1981 and 1982 uncovering a Paleoindian/Early Archaic component characterized by Suwannee and Bolen points. Fieldwork focused on opening large contiguous areas while mapping diagnostic artifacts in situ. Two significant outcomes resulted suggesting Paleoindian adaptations in Florida were different than elsewhere in the East. First, excavations recovered the largest Paleoindian/Early Archaic stone tool assemblage in Florida, and one of the largest in the Southeast. A technological organization approach was utilized in the lithic analysis allowing archaeologists to understand the role of the lithic assemblage from a settlement system perspective. Second, the large block excavations provided a unique opportunity to study internal site structure. Intrasite patterning in the form of several relatively discrete artifact clusters, as identified in northern Paleoindian sites and interpreted as the remains of one or more family living areas, were absent at Harney Flats. Instead, broad-scale patterning was identified, including a large living area separated from special activity areas. Another contrast with northern Paleoindian sites is the absent of “exotic” cherts suggesting group mobility was less extensive than northern groups. Harney Flats will remain a benchmark in Southeastern Paleoindian studies.

Spatial Analysis of Occupation Floors II: The Application of Nearest Neighbor Analysis

1974 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Whallon
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Dimensional Analysis ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Nearest Neighbor ◽  
Spatial Clustering ◽  
The Other ◽  
Nearest Neighbor Analysis ◽  
Grid Unit ◽  
Distributional Patterns ◽  
The Moment

AbstractThe statistical method of nearest neighbor analysis is presented for the study of distributional patterns of artifacts over occupation floors. It is compared with the previously presented method of dimensional analysis of variance. Nearest neighbor analysis is found to be much more sensitive in its detection of non-random spatial clustering. It has the advantage of not being particularly limited in application by problems of size or shape of the area under study, although it does require coordinates for each artifact and cannot be applied when only counts per grid unit are known. On the other hand, nearest neighbor analysis encounters considerable problems in defining the artifact clusters on an area and in comparing the distributions of several artifact types. These problems severely limit the utility of nearest neighbor analysis at the moment. Dimensional analysis of variance handles them better.

scholarly journals O-Polysaccharide Epitopic Heterogeneity at the Surface of Brucella spp. Studied by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay and Flow Cytometry

1998 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 862-870 ◽  
Author(s):  
Axel Cloeckaert ◽  
Vincent Weynants ◽  
Jacques Godfroid ◽  
Jean-Michel Verger ◽  
Maggy Grayon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
The Other ◽  
Antigenic Structure ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Major Goal ◽  
Passive Protection ◽  
Epitope Specificity ◽  
New Information ◽  
High Degree

ABSTRACT Smooth Brucella strains are classified into three serotypes, i.e., A+M−, A−M+, and A+M+, according to slide agglutination with A and M monospecific polyclonal sera. The epitopes involved have been located on the O-polysaccharide (O-PS) moiety of the smooth lipopolysaccharide (S-LPS), which represents the most exposed antigenic structure on the surface ofBrucella spp. By use of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) a number of epitope specificities on the O-PS have been reported: A, M, and epitopes shared by both A and M dominant strains, which have been named common (C) epitopes. The latter have been further subdivided, according to relative MAb binding in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) to A- and M-dominant Brucella strains and to cross-reacting Yersinia enterocolitica O:9, into five epitopic specificities: C (M>A), C (M=A), C/Y (M>A), C/Y (M=A), and C/Y (A>M). In the present study, we studied the occurrence of these epitopes at the surface of representatives of all Brucellaspecies and biovars including the live vaccine strains by analyzing the levels of MAb binding to whole Brucella cells in ELISA and flow cytometry assays. In ELISA, the level of MAb binding correlated well with the previously defined epitope specificity and the serotype defined by polyclonal sera for each Brucella species, biovar, or strain. However, MAbs to the C (M=A) and C (M>A) epitopes showed insignificant binding to B. suis biovar 2 strains and bound at lower titers to B. suis biovar 3 and B. neotomae than to the other Brucella strains. Some of the flow cytometry results were contradictory to those obtained by ELISA. In fact, it appeared by flow cytometry that all O-PS epitopes, including the A and M epitopes, are shared to different degrees byBrucella spp. which nevertheless show a high degree of O-PS heterogeneity according to MAb binding intensities. The subdivision of MAb specificities and Brucella serotypes was therefore less evident by flow cytometry than by ELISA. Whereas in ELISA the MAb specific for the A epitope showed insignificant binding to Y. enterocolitica O:9, this MAb bound strongly to Y. enterocolitica O:9 in flow cytometry. One of the two MAbs specific to the C (M=A) epitope also bound at a low but significant level to B. suis biovar 2 strains. However, as in ELISA the MAb specific for the C (M>A) epitope did not bind at all to B. suis biovar 2 strains in flow cytometry. Flow cytometry provided new information regarding specificity of the MAbs and may further explain some aspects of the capacity of passive protection of some MAbs against smooth Brucella infection in mice. As shown in the present study the occurrence of Brucella strains apparently completely devoid of one specific C O-PS epitope (e.g., B. suis biovar 2 devoid of the C [M>A] epitope) offers the possibility of obtaining vaccine strains devoid of a diagnostic O-PS epitope, which could further help to resolve the problem of discriminating infected from vaccinated animals that remains a major goal in brucellosis research.

Newly discovered Upper Paleolithic sites from the Tsagaan Turuut river valley, Mongolia

2020 ◽  
pp. 9-18
Author(s):  
Tsedendorj Bolorbat ◽  
Cao Jian En ◽  
Song Guo Dong ◽  
Batsuuri Ankhbayar ◽  
Guunii Lkhundev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Upper Paleolithic ◽  
Central Mongolia ◽  
Mountain Ranges ◽  
Reduction Techniques ◽  
Early Upper Paleolithic ◽  
In Trans ◽  
Core Reduction ◽  
Tool Types ◽  
Early Upper ◽  
Striking Platform

In this article, we report artefacts found at the valley of Tsagaan Turuut River in the Khangai Mountain ranges in Central Mongolia. The artefacts were identified based upon core morphology, tool types and retouch. Regarding the core reduction techniques, single striking platform and single reduction platform cores are dominant. Although the tools on flake blanks predominant, tools such as points and knives with massive blades also occur. Side scraper, point, borer, combination tool, and borers are types that are less represented within the collection. This tool collection is highly similar to several IUP and EUP sites (Chikhen-2; Tolbor-4, 15 and 16) in Mongolia in terms of its reduction techniques and tool morphology. On a larger scale, it is similar to those of Early Upper Paleolithic sites in Trans-Baikal and Altai Mountains in Russia and North China.

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