The beauty of models for developmental disorders

2002 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 750-752
Author(s):  
J. Briscoe
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Disorders ◽  
Developmental Process ◽  
Dynamic Change ◽  
Cognitive Models ◽  
Special Populations ◽  
Typical Development ◽  
Boundary Constraints ◽  
Important Means ◽  
Cognitive Frameworks ◽  
Residual Deviance

Cognitive frameworks provide important means for uniting concepts of specificity, cognition, and dynamic change in development. Two points are challenged by evidence from special populations: (1) that boundary constraints such as Residual Normality and a cognitive “endstate” compromise the use of cognitive models; and (2) the developmental process itself automatically rejects either Residual Normality or residual deviance from typical development.

Home-based music therapy for children with developmental disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
pp. 1357633X2098121
Author(s):  
Sarah Bompard ◽  
Tommaso Liuzzi ◽  
Susanna Staccioli ◽  
Fiammetta D’Arienzo ◽  
Sahereh Khosravi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Music Therapy ◽  
Developmental Disorders ◽  
Developmental Process ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Stress Index ◽  
Parental Distress ◽  
Home Based ◽  
Clinical Conditions ◽  
Children’S Sleep

Introduction During the COVID-19 pandemic, children with neurodevelopmental disabilities could not attend their usual rehabilitation therapies, with a consequent reduced support of developmental process and risk of worsening of their clinical conditions. Methods We prospectively enrolled 14 children with developmental delay, who had already tried a personalised music therapy (Euterpe method). We included them in a 12-day programme of home-based music therapy. The children and their parents were investigated using the Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children and the Parent Stress Index-Short Form. Results Fourteen children started the intervention, while only 12 children completed all the planned home sessions and assessments. We observed a significant improvement in children’s sleep quality and a reduction of parental distress. Discussion The significant improvements in parental distress and sleep quality must be considered important achievements for the quality of life of a child and their family. Home-based music therapy can provide a feasible approach to improving sleep and parent’s stress for children with developmental disorders.

scholarly journals Efficient Collection and Representation of Preverbal Data in Typical and Atypical Development

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 419-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian B. Pokorny ◽  
Katrin D. Bartl-Pokorny ◽  
Dajie Zhang ◽  
Peter B. Marschik ◽  
Dagmar Schuller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Disorders ◽  
Audio Signal ◽  
Data Representation ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Research Trends ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Typical Development ◽  
Audio Analysis ◽  
Novel Approaches ◽  
Atypical Development

Abstract Human preverbal development refers to the period of steadily increasing vocal capacities until the emergence of a child’s first meaningful words. Over the last decades, research has intensively focused on preverbal behavior in typical development. Preverbal vocal patterns have been phonetically classified and acoustically characterized. More recently, specific preverbal phenomena were discussed to play a role as early indicators of atypical development. Recent advancements in audio signal processing and machine learning have allowed for novel approaches in preverbal behavior analysis including automatic vocalization-based differentiation of typically and atypically developing individuals. In this paper, we give a methodological overview of current strategies for collecting and acoustically representing preverbal data for intelligent audio analysis paradigms. Efficiency in the context of data collection and data representation is discussed. Following current research trends, we set a special focus on challenges that arise when dealing with preverbal data of individuals with late detected developmental disorders, such as autism spectrum disorder or Rett syndrome.

scholarly journals Are Specific Language Impairment and Dyslexia Distinct Disorders?

2005 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 1378-1396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugh W. Catts ◽  
Suzanne M. Adlof ◽  
Tiffany P. Hogan ◽  
Susan Ellis Weismer
Keyword(s):  
Language Impairment ◽  
Phonological Processing ◽  
Specific Language Impairment ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Developmental Disorders ◽  
Reading Development ◽  
Language Disorders ◽  
Nonword Repetition ◽  
Typical Development ◽  
Specific Language

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine whether specific language impairment (SLI) and dyslexia are distinct developmental disorders. Method: Study 1 investigated the overlap between SLI identified in kindergarten and dyslexia identified in 2nd, 4th, or 8th grades in a representative sample of 527 children. Study 2 examined phonological processing in a subsample of participants, including 21 children with dyslexia only, 43 children with SLI only, 18 children with SLI and dyslexia, and 165 children with typical language/reading development. Measures of phonological awareness and nonword repetition were considered. Results: Study 1 showed limited but statistically significant overlap between SLI and dyslexia. Study 2 found that children with dyslexia or a combination of dyslexia and SLI performed significantly less well on measures of phonological processing than did children with SLI only and those with typical development. Children with SLI only showed only mild deficits in phonological processing compared with typical children. Conclusions: These results support the view that SLI and dyslexia are distinct but potentially comorbid developmental language disorders. A deficit in phonological processing is closely associated with dyslexia but not with SLI when it occurs in the absence of dyslexia.

scholarly journals The role of the district pediatrician in the early diagnosis of speech developmental disorders in preschool children

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 129-134
Author(s):  
S. Ya. Volgina ◽  
A. R. Ahmetova ◽  
E. A. Nikolaeva ◽  
R. G. Gamirova ◽  
N. A. Solovyeva
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Developmental Disorders ◽  
Language Disorders ◽  
Speech Disorders ◽  
Speech And Language ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Language Development Disorders ◽  
Important Means ◽  
Speech And Language Development ◽  
Speech And Language Disorders

Speech and language are the most important means of communication between a child and the outer world. Currently in the Russian Federation there is no reliable data on the prevalence of speech and language disorders in children. According to foreign authors, speech disorders are diagnosed in 3,4–6,4% in the population of preschool children, and language disorders are diagnosed in 8–10% of cases. Early identification of the causes of speech and language development disorders in children is a complex interdisciplinary problem. The authors have developed an algorithm for diagnosing speech and language developmental disorders in preschool children, where the district pediatrician plays the leading role. It is district pediatrician who can assess the speed of the child’s speech skills development, based on age norms, analyze the history data, risk factors, carry out a physical examination of the child, develop an individual program for conducting basic laboratory and instrumental studies and consult specialists. Dynamic observation of this category of children is important.

scholarly journals Organ-Specific Branching Morphogenesis

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Lang ◽  
Lisa Conrad ◽  
Dagmar Iber
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Developmental Disorders ◽  
Developmental Process ◽  
Branching Morphogenesis ◽  
Epithelial Morphogenesis ◽  
Organ Specific ◽  
Different Shapes ◽  
Organ Shape

A common developmental process, called branching morphogenesis, generates the epithelial trees in a variety of organs, including the lungs, kidneys, and glands. How branching morphogenesis can create epithelial architectures of very different shapes and functions remains elusive. In this review, we compare branching morphogenesis and its regulation in lungs and kidneys and discuss the role of signaling pathways, the mesenchyme, the extracellular matrix, and the cytoskeleton as potential organ-specific determinants of branch position, orientation, and shape. Identifying the determinants of branch and organ shape and their adaptation in different organs may reveal how a highly conserved developmental process can be adapted to different structural and functional frameworks and should provide important insights into epithelial morphogenesis and developmental disorders.

DSM-5 symptom expression in toddlers

Autism ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 136236132110001
Author(s):  
Kirsty L Coulter ◽  
Marianne L Barton ◽  
Diana L Robins ◽  
Wendy L Stone ◽  
Deborah A Fein
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Developmental Disorders ◽  
Developmental Delays ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Repetitive Behaviors ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Typical Development ◽  
Insistence On Sameness ◽  
Dsm 5

Although the early behaviors associated with autism spectrum disorder have been well characterized, many behaviors are also commonly observed in young children with other developmental delays and even in those with typical development. Therefore, consideration must be given to whether a child demonstrates sufficient autism spectrum disorder symptoms to warrant this diagnosis. Using the Toddler Autism Symptom Inventory, we examined caregiver endorsement of specific behaviors in three groups of toddlers referred for autism spectrum disorder risk: those who received a best-estimate diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder, those with another developmental disorder, and those who showed slight or no developmental delays and did not meet criteria for any disorder. The results revealed significant differences in symptoms among the three diagnostic groups, as well as low frequency of some DSM-5, ASD criteria, especially insistence on sameness, for those with ASD. These findings have important implications for applying the DSM-5, diagnostic criteria to toddlers. Lay abstract Children with autism show more social-communication symptoms and repetitive behaviors than children with typical development or those diagnosed with other developmental disorders; however, non-autistic children often show some behaviors that are associated with autism. We compared the behavioral reports from caregivers of children in these three groups to identify the behaviors that were specific to autism. Children with autism were found to show more of these behaviors, and behaviors that are particularly indicative of autism were identified. These behaviors included social symptoms (approaching others to interact, showing things, looking back while showing, responding to an approaching child, spontaneous imitation) and repetitive behavior symptoms (specific, inflexible play, unusual body movements, strong specific interest, carrying around an unusual object, sensory seeking, and sensory hyper-reactivity). These findings may aid professionals in determining the most appropriate diagnosis for a child between the ages of 12 and 36 months.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document