Manipulating the Explicit Demand of Paradoxical Intention Instructions

In a previous study, Ascher and Turner (1980) accounted for differential results of two types of paradoxical intention administrations by suggesting that in one case subjects were encouraged to follow the explicit demands of the instructions which adversely effected performance. It was the purpose of the present study to determine the effect of employing a procedural component to emphasize the explicit demands of paradoxical intention instructions. Two groups received identical paradoxical intention instructions. One was required to present “objective” data along with their subjective sleep report—the other had only to present the subjective data. Two control groups were included in the design which employed sleep onset latency as a dependent variable. As hypothesized, results indicated that the paradoxical intention group submitting “objective” data reported latencies which were significantly longer than those of the no-treatment control, while the paradoxical intention group that was not required to submit “objective” data reported sleep onset latencies which were significantly shorter than those of the no-treatment control group.

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Correlations between subjective and objective features of nocturnal sleep and excessive diurnal sleepiness in patients with narcolepsy

Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria ◽

10.1590/s0004-282x2009000600006 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 67 (4) ◽

pp. 995-1000 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Ulises Jiménez-Correa ◽

Reyes Haro ◽

Rosa Obdulia González ◽

Javier Velázquez-Moctezuma

Keyword(s):

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Sleep Onset ◽

Sleep Time ◽

Control Group ◽

Sleep Onset Latency ◽

Sleep Paralysis ◽

Onset Latency ◽

Nocturnal Sleep ◽

Subjective Sleep Quality ◽

Multiple Sleep Latency

OBJECTIVE: To determine the correlations between excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS), assessed by the Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS), and the multiple sleep latency test (MSLT) and nocturnal sleep architecture features, clinical symptoms of narcolepsy (CSN) and subjective sleep quality (SSQ) in patients with narcolepsy. METHOD: Twenty three untreated patients were studied and compared with a matched control group. Diagnosis of narcolepsy was carried out employing a clinical interview, a polysomnographic (PSG) record, and an MSLT. RESULTS: Subjective number of awakenings was the SSQ indicator that best correlated with EDS (ESS and MSLT). Regarding clinical features, diurnal tiredness and sleep paralysis correlated with ESS values. Increase in ESS was related with decrease in total sleep time, SWS, and sleep onset latency. On the other hand, increase in MSLT was related with decrease in SWS. CONCLUSION: These data suggest that EDS in patients with narcolepsy could be impaired by disturbed nocturnal sleep.

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Melatonin in pediatric neurology

ORL ro ◽

10.26416/orl.33.4.2016.168 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 56-59

Author(s):

Raluca Ioana Teleanu ◽

Magdalena Sandu ◽

Eugenia Roza

Keyword(s):

European Union ◽

Food Safety ◽

Sleep Onset ◽

Sleep Onset Latency ◽

The European Union ◽

Onset Latency ◽

Entire Life ◽

Light Darkness ◽

Efficacy Studies ◽

Endogenous Melatonin

Melatonin is a hormone produced by the pineal gland during the night, as a response to the light-darkness variation. The endogenous melatonin levels have a cyclic evolution throughout the entire life. Various roles have been cited such as the in utero developement of the fetus through its action on the placenta, neurons and glial cells, a major role in the regulation of the cyrcadian rhythm, antioxidative, antiinflammatory roles, as well as celullar and umoral immunity modulation. In the European Union, exogenous melatonin has been evaluated by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) for reducing sleep onset latency and the conclusion was that it has efficacy studies in this regard.

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The Monday Effect Revisited: A Diary and Sleep Actigraphy Study

Sleep and Vigilance ◽

10.1007/s41782-020-00105-5 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 167-176

Author(s):

Achim Elfering ◽

Christin Gerhardt ◽

Diana Pereira ◽

Anna Schenker ◽

Maria U. Kottwitz

Keyword(s):

Sleep Duration ◽

Sleep Onset ◽

Monday Morning ◽

Sleep Onset Latency ◽

Onset Latency ◽

Social Stressors ◽

Monday Effect ◽

Work Related ◽

Cognitive Failure ◽

Delayed Sleep

Abstract Purpose Accidents are more likely to occur during the morning hours of Mondays (Monday effect). This might be due to a higher level of cognitive failure on Monday morning at work. Methods In a pilot actigraphy study across one working week, we explored this Monday effect and regressed daily self-reported workplace cognitive failure on weekdays (Monday versus other days), background social stressors at work, delayed sleep onset and sleep duration. Diary data were gathered from 40 full-time employees. Results Confirming our assumptions, results revealed work-related cognitive failure and sleep-onset latency on the previous night to be higher on Mondays compared to other workdays. Work-related cognitive failure correlated positively with delayed sleep-onset latency and background social stressors. In multilevel regression analysis, Monday significantly explained variations in workplace cognitive failure. The addition of background social stressors at work and sleep-onset latency to the regression model showed unique contributions to the prediction of workplace cognitive failure. No significant two-way or three-way interactions between working days, sleep-onset latency or sleep duration, and background social stressors were found. Conclusion Peak levels of cognitive failure on Monday morning and the association of cognitive failure with social stressors at work contribute to understanding the mechanisms involved in the increased prevalence of occupational accidents on Monday morning. Occupational safety interventions should address both social stressors at work and individual sleep hygiene.

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193 Sleep Variability and Affect Dynamics Among College Students during COVID-19 Pandemic

SLEEP ◽

10.1093/sleep/zsab072.192 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. A78-A78

Author(s):

Zahra Mousavi ◽

Jocelyn Lai ◽

Asal Yunusova ◽

Alexander Rivera ◽

Sirui Hu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Emerging Adults ◽

Sleep Duration ◽

Sleep Onset ◽

Positive And Negative Affect ◽

Sleep Onset Latency ◽

Deep Sleep ◽

Onset Latency ◽

Sleep Patterns ◽

Light Sleep ◽

Affect Dynamics

Abstract Introduction Sleep disturbance is a transdiagnostic risk factor that is so prevalent among emerging adults it is considered to be a public health epidemic. For emerging adults, who are already at greater risk for psychopathology, the COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted daily routines, potentially changing sleep patterns and heightening risk factors for the emergence of affective dysregulation, and consequently mood-related disturbances. This study aimed to determine whether variability in sleep patterns across a 3-month period was associated with next-day positive and negative affect, and affective dynamics, proximal affective predictors of depressive symptoms among young adults during the pandemic. Methods College student participants (N=20, 65% female, Mage=19.80, SDage=1.0) wore non-invasive wearable devices (the Oura ring https://ouraring.com/) continuously for a period of 3-months, measuring sleep onset latency, sleep efficiency, total sleep, and time spent in different stages of sleep (light, deep and rapid eye movement). Participants reported daily PA and NA using the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule on a 0-100 scale to report on their affective state. Results Multilevel models specifying a within-subject process of the relation between sleep and affect revealed that participants with higher sleep onset latency (b= -2.98, p<.01) and sleep duration on the prior day (b= -.35, p=.01) had lower PA the next day. Participants with longer light sleep duration had lower PA (b= -.28, p=.02), whereas participants with longer deep sleep duration had higher PA (b= .36, p=.02) the next day. On days with higher total sleep, participants experienced lower NA compared to their own average (b= -.01, p=.04). Follow-up exploratory bivariate correlations revealed significant associations between light sleep duration instability and higher instability in both PA and NA, whereas higher deep sleep duration was linked with lower instability in both PA and NA (all ps< .05). In the full-length paper these analyses will be probed using linear regressions controlling for relevant covariates (main effects of sleep, sex/age/ethnicity). Conclusion Sleep, an important transdiagnostic health outcome, may contribute to next-day PA and NA. Sleep patterns predict affect dynamics, which may be proximal predictors of mood disturbances. Affect dynamics may be one potential pathway through which sleep has implications for health disparities. Support (if any):

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Effect of early intervention for anxiety on sleep outcomes in adolescents: a randomized trial

European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry ◽

10.1007/s00787-021-01795-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Bente Storm Mowatt Haugland ◽

Mari Hysing ◽

Asle Hoffart ◽

Åshild Tellefsen Haaland ◽

Jon Fauskanger Bjaastad ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Early Intervention ◽

Standard Length ◽

Sleep Problems ◽

Sleep Onset ◽

Cognitive Behavioral ◽

Control Group ◽

Sleep Onset Latency ◽

Post Intervention ◽

Clinical Trial Registration

AbstractThe potential effect of early intervention for anxiety on sleep outcomes was examined in a sample of adolescents with anxiety (N = 313, mean 14.0 years, SD = 0.84, 84% girls, 95.7% Norwegians). Participants were randomized to one of three conditions: a brief or a standard-length cognitive-behavioral group-intervention (GCBT), or a waitlist control-group (WL). Interventions were delivered at schools, during school hours. Adolescents with elevated anxiety were recruited by school health services. Questionnaires on self-reported anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms, and sleep characteristics were administered at pre- and post-intervention, post-waitlist, and at 1-year follow-up. Adolescents reported reduced insomnia (odds ratio (OR) = 0.42, p < 0.001) and shorter sleep onset latency (d = 0.27, p < 0.001) from pre- to post-intervention. For insomnia, this effect was maintained at 1-year follow-up (OR = 0.54, p = 0.020). However, no effect of GCBT on sleep outcomes was found when comparing GCBT and WL. Also, no difference was found in sleep outcomes between brief and standard-length interventions. Adolescents defined as responders (i.e., having improved much or very much on anxiety after GCBT), did not differ from non-responders regarding sleep outcomes. Thus, anxiety-focused CBT, delivered in groups, showed no effect on sleep outcomes. Strategies specifically targeting sleep problems in adolescents should be included in GCBT when delivered as early intervention for adolescents with elevated anxiety.Trial registry Clinical trial registration: School Based Low-intensity Cognitive Behavioral Intervention for Anxious Youth (LIST); http://clinicalrials.gov/; NCT02279251, Date: 11.31. 2014

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The effect of 4-h versus 6-h time restricted feeding on sleep quality, duration, insomnia severity and obstructive sleep apnea in adults with obesity

Nutrition and Health ◽

10.1177/02601060211002347 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 026010602110023

Author(s):

Sofia Cienfuegos ◽

Kelsey Gabel ◽

Faiza Kalam ◽

Mark Ezpeleta ◽

Vicky Pavlou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽

Sleep Apnea ◽

Sleep Quality ◽

Sleep Onset ◽

Control Group ◽

Sleep Onset Latency ◽

Restricted Feeding ◽

Wake Time ◽

Obstructive Sleep ◽

Insomnia Severity

Background: Time restricted feeding (TRF) involves deliberately restricting the times during which energy is ingested. Preliminary findings suggest that 8–10-h TRF improves sleep. However, the effects of shorter TRF windows (4–6 h) on sleep, remain unknown. Aims: This study compared the effects of 4-h versus 6-h TRF on sleep quality, duration, insomnia severity and the risk of obstructive sleep apnea. Methods: Adults with obesity ( n = 49) were randomized into one of three groups: 4-h TRF (eating only between 3 and 7 p.m.), 6-h TRF (eating only between 1 and 7 p.m.), or a control group (no meal timing restrictions) for 8 weeks. Results: After 8 weeks, body weight decreased ( p < 0.001) similarly by 4-h TRF (–3.9 ± 0.4 kg) and 6-h TRF (–3.4 ± 0.4 kg), versus controls. Sleep quality, measured by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), did not change by 4-h TRF (baseline: 5.9 ± 0.7; week 8: 4.8 ± 0.6) or 6-h TRF (baseline: 6.4 ± 0.8; week 8: 5.3 ± 0.9), versus controls. Wake time, bedtime, sleep duration and sleep onset latency also remained unchanged. Insomnia severity did not change by 4-h TRF (baseline: 4.4 ± 1.0; week 8: 4.7 ± 0.9) or 6-h TRF (baseline: 8.3 ± 1.2; week 8: 5.5 ± 1.1), versus controls. Percent of participants reporting obstructive sleep apnea symptoms did not change by 4-h TRF (baseline: 44%; week 8: 25%) or 6-h TRF (baseline: 47%; week 8: 20%), versus controls. Conclusion: These findings suggest that 4- and 6-h TRF have no effect on sleep quality, duration, insomnia severity, or the risk of obstructive sleep apnea.

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1253 Multiple sleep onset REM episodes in middle age woman with excessive daytime sleepiness – Is this automatically assumed narcolepsy?

SLEEP ◽

10.1093/sleep/zsaa056.1247 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 43 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. A477-A477

Author(s):

Kamal Patel ◽

Bianca J Lang

Keyword(s):

Daytime Sleepiness ◽

Sleep Latency ◽

Sleep Onset ◽

Sleep Time ◽

Multiple Sleep Latency Test ◽

Sleep Onset Latency ◽

Onset Latency ◽

Obstructive Sleep ◽

Falling Asleep ◽

Multiple Sleep Latency

Abstract Introduction Presence of sleep onset REM episodes often raises concerns of narcolepsy. However other conditions have shown to have presence of sleep on REM episodes which include but not limited to obstructive sleep apnea, sleep wake schedule disturbance, alcoholism, neurodegenerative disorders, depression and anxiety Report of Case Here we present a case of 30 year old female with history of asthma, patent foraman ovale, migraine headache, and anxiety who presented with daytime sleepiness, falling asleep while at work, occasional scheduled naps, non-restorative sleep, sleep paralysis, and hypnopompic hallucination. Pertinent physical exam included; mallampati score of 4/4, retrognathia, high arched hard palate, crowded posterior oropharynx. She had a score of 16 on Epworth sleepiness scale. Patient previously had multiple sleep latency test at outside facility which revealed 4/5 SOREM, with mean sleep onset latency of 11.5 minutes. She however was diagnosed with narcolepsy and tried on modafinil which she failed to tolerate. She was tried on sertraline as well which was discontinued due to lack of benefit. She had repeat multiple sleep latency test work up which revealed 2/5 SOREM, with mean sleep onset latency was 13.1 minutes. Her overnight polysomnogram prior to repeat MSLT showed SOREM with sleep onset latency of 10 minutes. Actigraphy showed consistent sleep pattern overall with sufficient sleep time but was taking hydroxyzine and herbal medication. Patient did not meet criteria for hypersomnolence disorder and sleep disordered breathing. Conclusion There is possibility her medication may have played pivotal role with her daytime symptoms. We also emphasize SOREMs can be present in other disorders such as anxiety in this case and not solely in narcolepsy

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Protective effects of histamine on Gq-mediated relaxation in regenerated endothelium

AJP Heart and Circulatory Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpheart.00733.2013 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 306 (2) ◽

pp. H286-H290 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Calvin K. Chan ◽

Song Yan Liao ◽

Yue Lin Zhang ◽

Aimin Xu ◽

Hung Fat Tse ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Area Under The Curve ◽

Treated Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Protective Effects ◽

Treatment Control ◽

Porcine Coronary Artery ◽

Endogenous Histamine ◽

Coronary Endothelium ◽

Treatment Control Group

In the porcine coronary artery, regenerated endothelium is dysfunctional as regards the responses to endothelium-dependent agonists. The current study aimed to determine the possible involvement of histamine in such dysfunction. Pigs were treated chronically with pyrilamine (H1 receptor inhibitor, 2 mg·kg−1·day−1) with part of their coronary endothelium and allowed to regenerate for 28 days after balloon denudation. The results showed a reduction in relaxation to bradykinin (Gq protein dependent) only in the pyrilamine-treated group (area under the curve, 269.7 ± 13.4 vs. 142.0 ± 31.0, native endothelium vs. regenerated endothelium) but not in the control group (253.0 ± 22.1 vs. 231.9 ± 29.5, native endothelium vs. regenerated endothelium). The differences in the relaxation to serotonin (Gi protein dependent) between native and regenerated endothelium were not affected by the pyrilamine treatment (control group, 106.3 ± 17.0 vs. 55.61 ± 12.7; and pyrilamine group, 106.0 ± 8.20 vs. 49.30 ± 6.31, native endothelium vs. regenerated endothelium). These findings indicate that during regeneration of the endothelium, the activation of H1 receptors by endogenous histamine may be required to maintain the endothelium-dependent Gq protein-mediated relaxation to bradykinin, suggesting a beneficial role of the monoamine in the process of endothelial regeneration.

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