Protective effects of histamine on Gq-mediated relaxation in regenerated endothelium

In the porcine coronary artery, regenerated endothelium is dysfunctional as regards the responses to endothelium-dependent agonists. The current study aimed to determine the possible involvement of histamine in such dysfunction. Pigs were treated chronically with pyrilamine (H1 receptor inhibitor, 2 mg·kg−1·day−1) with part of their coronary endothelium and allowed to regenerate for 28 days after balloon denudation. The results showed a reduction in relaxation to bradykinin (Gq protein dependent) only in the pyrilamine-treated group (area under the curve, 269.7 ± 13.4 vs. 142.0 ± 31.0, native endothelium vs. regenerated endothelium) but not in the control group (253.0 ± 22.1 vs. 231.9 ± 29.5, native endothelium vs. regenerated endothelium). The differences in the relaxation to serotonin (Gi protein dependent) between native and regenerated endothelium were not affected by the pyrilamine treatment (control group, 106.3 ± 17.0 vs. 55.61 ± 12.7; and pyrilamine group, 106.0 ± 8.20 vs. 49.30 ± 6.31, native endothelium vs. regenerated endothelium). These findings indicate that during regeneration of the endothelium, the activation of H1 receptors by endogenous histamine may be required to maintain the endothelium-dependent Gq protein-mediated relaxation to bradykinin, suggesting a beneficial role of the monoamine in the process of endothelial regeneration.

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Effect of Melatonin and in Combination with CIDR on Reproductive Performance in anestrus lactating Iraqi buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis).

The Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Medicine ◽

10.30539/ijvm.v44i2.981 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 44 (2) ◽

pp. 99-102

Author(s):

Al-Hamedawi, T. M.

Keyword(s):

Reproductive Performance ◽

Treated Group ◽

Bubalus Bubalis ◽

Control Group ◽

Treatment Control ◽

Duration Of Response ◽

Days Open ◽

Rectal Palpation ◽

Treatment Control Group

The present study was performed on 30 lactating Iraqi buffaloes suffered from ovarian inactivity diagnosed by rectal palpation during 60-90 days postpartum, aged between 3-6 years at Al-Thahab Al-Abiad village / Abu-Graib / Baghdad province during the period from February- June 2020 . The animals divided into three equal groups (10 buffaloes for each one). 1st group treated with melatonin implants (90mg/animals/SC) for 30 days but 2nd group treated with melatonin implants conjugated with CIDR (1.38 gm) in day 20 for 10 days, 3rd group without treatment (control group). The results in this study were recorded animal response 90%, 100% and 50% in 1st ,2nd and 3rd groups respectively with superior significantly (P<0.01) for treated groups compared with control group and 8.26±1.33, 7.15±0.97 and 160.5±14.31 days which represented the duration of response in 1st ,2nd and 3rd groups respectively with significantly differences (P<0.01) related with control, but the number of services per conception recorded insignificantly in all groups, while the pregnancy rate revealed significant differences (P<0.01) in treated group compared with control group. Finally the days open recorded 153.6±6.72, 142.8±7.45 and 217.3±19.56 in 1st, 2nd and 3rd groups respectively with highly significantly (P<0.01) in treated group compared with control group. In conclusion in present study, the role of melatonin in improvement of reproductive performance in anestrus lactating Iraqi buffaloes suffered from ovarian inactivity was safe and effective

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Personal Best (PB) Goal Setting and Students’ Motivation in Science: A Study of Science Valuing and Aspirations

The Australian Educational and Developmental Psychologist ◽

10.1017/edp.2014.19 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 31 (2) ◽

pp. 85-96 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Andrew J. Martin ◽

Tracy L. Durksen ◽

Derek Williamson ◽

Julia Kiss ◽

Paul Ginns

Keyword(s):

Secondary School ◽

Goal Setting ◽

Learning Goals ◽

Control Group ◽

Treatment Control ◽

School Students ◽

Correlational Research ◽

Treatment Control Group ◽

Primary And Secondary School

To build on prior correlational research into personal best (PB) goals and motivational outcomes, an experimental study was conducted to assess the role of PB goal setting in gains (or declines) in students’ motivation in science (viz. biology, anatomy, health). The study (comprising N = 71 elementary/primary and secondary school students) applied a pre/post-treatment/control group experimental design to test whether setting a PB learning goal in a self-paced science education program (conducted in a museum context) leads to growth in science valuing and science aspirations. The treatment group (PB goal setting), but not the control group, demonstrated significant growth in science aspirations (but not valuing) between pre- and post-testing. This study provides support for the proposition that PB learning goals are associated with motivational growth in students’ lives. Findings also hold implications for museum-based education programs for students.

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Behavioral Change in a Short-Term, Intensive Multi-Modal Alcoholism Treatment Program

Psychological Reports ◽

10.2466/pr0.1979.44.3.791 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 44 (3) ◽

pp. 791-797 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Edmund J. Freedberg ◽

William E. Johnston

Keyword(s):

Treatment Program ◽

Attitude Change ◽

Behavioral Change ◽

Interpersonal Relations ◽

Treated Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Treatment Control ◽

Short Term ◽

Delayed Treatment ◽

Treatment Control Group

Self-ratings of behavioral and attitude change by a group of 433 employed alcoholics who had experienced an intensive 3-wk. residential treatment program were compared with self-ratings from a 55-subject delayed-treatment control group. The treated group showed significant improvement on the 7 dimensions measured: employment (job satisfaction), under-assertion, over-assertion, communication, interpersonal relations, depression, and relaxation. The delayed-treatment control subjects showed a decrement on the employment subscale, and no change on the other 6 subscales. When the controls did enter treatment, they showed improvement on all seven dimensions, and the improvement was significant on under-assertion, depression, and relaxation.

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Effects of Achievement Motivation Training on Academic Performance of Underachievers

Psychological Reports ◽

10.2466/pr0.1980.47.2.567 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 47 (2) ◽

pp. 567-574 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Allan Markle ◽

Roger C. Rinn ◽

Brenda Goodwin

Keyword(s):

Academic Performance ◽

Training Program ◽

Achievement Motivation ◽

Treated Group ◽

The Other ◽

Control Group ◽

Present Program ◽

Treatment Control ◽

Treatment Control Group

In an attempt to help underachieving students improve academic performance, an Achievement Motivation Training program was developed. Although similar to other programs focusing on achievement motivation, substantial differences exist, particularly since the present program is presented in an outpatient format rather than integrated into the classroom. 54 students (Grades 3 to 11), referred by their counselors, were subjects; half of these completed our Achievement Motivation Training program, the other half served as a no-treatment control group. The treated group showed a significant improvement in grades from before training to follow-up as well as significantly greater improvement than the control group. Also, a new methodology was offered and tested, demonstrating that a no-treatment group may not be necessary when grades are the primary dependent variable.

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Tryptophan-Niacin Metabolism in Rat with Puromycin Aminonucleoside-Induced Nephrosis

International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research ◽

10.1024/0300-9831.76.1.28 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 76 (1) ◽

pp. 28-33 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Yukari Egashira ◽

Shin Nagaki ◽

Hiroo Sanada

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Urinary Excretion ◽

Enzyme Activities ◽

Treated Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Puromycin Aminonucleoside ◽

Low Level ◽

Key Enzyme

We investigated the change of tryptophan-niacin metabolism in rats with puromycin aminonucleoside PAN-induced nephrosis, the mechanisms responsible for their change of urinary excretion of nicotinamide and its metabolites, and the role of the kidney in tryptophan-niacin conversion. PAN-treated rats were intraperitoneally injected once with a 1.0% (w/v) solution of PAN at a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight. The collection of 24-hour urine was conducted 8 days after PAN injection. Daily urinary excretion of nicotinamide and its metabolites, liver and blood NAD, and key enzyme activities of tryptophan-niacin metabolism were determined. In PAN-treated rats, the sum of urinary excretion of nicotinamide and its metabolites was significantly lower compared with controls. The kidneyα-amino-β-carboxymuconate-ε-semialdehyde decarboxylase (ACMSD) activity in the PAN-treated group was significantly decreased by 50%, compared with the control group. Although kidney ACMSD activity was reduced, the conversion of tryptophan to niacin tended to be lower in the PAN-treated rats. A decrease in urinary excretion of niacin and the conversion of tryptophan to niacin in nephrotic rats may contribute to a low level of blood tryptophan. The role of kidney ACMSD activity may be minimal concerning tryptophan-niacin conversion under this experimental condition.

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INSIGHTS INTO THE ROLE OF MORUS ALBA IN REVERSING OBESITY-ASSOCIATED HEPATIC STEATOSIS AND RELATED METABOLIC DISORDER IN RATS

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2016.v9s2.13674 ◽

2016 ◽

pp. 231

Author(s):

Hanaa H. Ahmed ◽

Fatehya M Metwally ◽

Hend Rashad ◽

Asmaa M Zaazaa

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Hepatic Steatosis ◽

Metabolic Disorder ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Treated Group ◽

Morus Alba ◽

The Other ◽

Obese Group ◽

Control Group

ABSTRACT Objective: The goal of the present study was to examine the viability of Morus alba (M. alba) ethanolic extract in repression of obesity-associated hepatic steatosis and related metabolic disorder; dyslipidemia, hyperinsulinemia, and glycemic status. Methods: Adult female albino rats were randomly assigned into four groups, eight rats each as follows: Group (1) control group received standard rodent diet for 24 weeks. The other three groups administered high cholesterol diet for 12 weeks and served as obese group, M. alba-treated group, and simvastatin-treated group. Results: The current results showed an increment in thoracic circumference (TCX) and abdominal circumferences (AC) as well as body mass index (BMI) in obese group. In addition, dyslipidemia, hyperinsulinemia, hyperglycemia, and insulin resistance have been elucidated in obese group. Moreover, hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and bilirubin values were significantly increased in obese groups versus control group. On the other hand, administration of ethanolic extract of Morus alba or simvastatin could significantly lessen BMI and in addition to improve dyslipidemia in obese group. Glucose, insulin levels, and insulin resistance value in serum samples demonstrated a significant reduction in obese group upon treatment with M. alba ethanolic extract or simvastatin. Furthermore, noticeable depletion in hepatic MDA, NO contents, serum ALT, AST activities, and serum bilirubin level was recorded as a result of treatment with either ethanolic extract of M. alba or simvastatin. Histopathological examination of liver tissue showed ballooning degeneration in the hepatocytes (hepatic steatosis) associated with inflammatory cells penetration in portal zone in obese group. Meanwhile, the treatment of obese groups with ethanolic extract of M. alba or simvastatin was found to restore the structural organization of the liver. Conclusion: The present findings provide a novel aspect for understanding of the role of M. alba against obesity-associated liver diseases and related metabolic disorder. The mechanisms underlying these effects seem to depend on the hypolipidemic potential, anti-inflammatory property, and antioxidant activity of its phytochemicals. Keywords: Obesity, Morus alba, Dyslipidemia, Hyperinsulinemia, Hyperglycemia, Hepatic steatosis.

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A Treatment/Control Group Study of Growth Hormone Treatment

The Endocrinologist ◽

10.1097/00019616-200010041-00007 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 10 (Supplement 1) ◽

pp. 31S-37S ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Barbara Y. Whitman ◽

Susan Myers ◽

Aaron Carrel ◽

David Allen

Keyword(s):

Growth Hormone ◽

Growth Hormone Treatment ◽

Hormone Treatment ◽

Control Group ◽

Treatment Control ◽

Treatment Control Group

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Consequences of Microwave oven Exposed Diet on The Basal Lamina of Seminiferous Tubules of Mice

10.53350/pjmhs211582141 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (8) ◽

pp. 2141-2144

Author(s):

Kishwar Naheed ◽

Muhammad Saad Abdullah ◽

Maria Yousaf ◽

Humaira Ali ◽

Fareeha Mushtaq ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Basal Lamina ◽

Treated Group ◽

Testicular Tissue ◽

Microwave Oven ◽

Mentha Piperita ◽

Seminiferous Tubules ◽

Control Group ◽

Protective Effects ◽

Trial Methodology ◽

Experimental Group

Usage of electronic gadgets like microwave oven is increasing day by day that heats the food by exposing it to electromagnetic radiations which has many hazardous effects on human health including fertility. Aim: To find the effects of microwave oven exposed diet on basal lamina of seminiferous tubules of mice alongwith protective effects of Mentha piperita and melatonin on the same tissue. Study Design: Randomized control trial. Methodology: Adult male mice (n=32) were divided into four groups. Control group (G1) received standard pellets prepared for mice. Second group (G2) was given mice pellets exposed to microwave oven. Third group (G3) received Mentha Piperita leaf extract along with mice pellets exposed to microwave oven and the fourth group (G4) received oral melatonin along with pellets exposed to microwave oven. Later their testicular tissue was removed for histological examination while basal lamina disruption was assessed by scoring. Data analyzed by SPSS 22.0v. Results: In group G2, there was slight disruption in the basal lamina in 75% of the cases while in experimental group G3, there was slight disruption of basal lamina only in 12.5% of the cases. However, in group G4, only 25% specimen had slight disruption of basal lamina Conclusion: It was concluded that microwave oven exposed diet produced severe disruption of basal lamina in group G2 that decreased in Mentha piperita and melatonin treated groups. However, Mentha piperita treated group produced better results than melatonin treated group. Keywords: Mice, Testis, Basal Lamina, Mentha piperita and Melatonin

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Ameliorating Effect of L-arginine and Insulin on Streptozotocin-induced Adrenal Gland Injury in Albino Rats

Journal of Saidu Medical College, Swat ◽

10.52206/jsmc.2021.11.3.653 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 162-168

Author(s):

Yasmeen Mahar ◽

Alisha Qamar ◽

lnayatullah ◽

Sarwath Fatimee ◽

Mohammad Fawad Saeeduddin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adrenal Gland ◽

Adrenal Cortex ◽

Treated Group ◽

The Body ◽

Control Group ◽

Albino Rats ◽

Endocrine Gland ◽

Protective Effects ◽

Frozen Sections ◽

Group B

Background:Use of dietary supplements to treat illnesses has increasedtremendously in recentyears.Adrenal gland is one ofthemost commonly damaged endocrine gland in the body, not only by chemical or radiation injuries, but also as a result of differenttypes of stress.Search is underway for use ofnatural foods for protection of adrenal gland from different types ofinsults.Objective: To determine the protective effects of L-arginine on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced adrenal gland injury in albino rats,andto compare its efficacy to insulin.Material and Methods: This prospective experimental study was done at BMSI, JPMC, Karachi. Forty male, healthy albino rats,90-120 days old were segregated into 4 groups. Group A was marked as control, group B was administered STZ, group C and Dwere treated with STZ along with insulin and L-arginine respectively. At the end of study period, i.e., 6 weeks, animals weresacrificed under ether anaesthesia. Tissue from the left adrenal gland was processed for frozen sectioning to observe fat content ofthe adrenal cortex by applying OilRed O stain.Results: Oil Red-0 stained frozen sections revealed closely aggregated fat globules in adrenal cortex of STZ treated group B ascompared to control. Moderate betterment was seen in group C and in group D Oil Red O stained frozen sections as compared toSTZ treated group B.Conclusion: The results ofthe study demonstrated adrenal cortex injury by STZ which ameliorated with concomitant use of insulinandL-arginine. The protection was more pronounced with L-arginine as comparedto insulin.Keywords:STZ, adrenal gland,insulin,L-arginine

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Can placebos prevent intrusive memories?

10.31234/osf.io/vwzs3 ◽

2022 ◽

Author(s):

Tobias Kube ◽

Irving Kirsch ◽

Julia Glombiewski ◽

Philipp Herzog

Keyword(s):

Psychological Trauma ◽

Traumatic Experiences ◽

Control Group ◽

Treatment Control ◽

Open Label ◽

Intrusive Memories ◽

Experimental Psychopathology ◽

Negative Appraisal ◽

Treatment Control Group ◽

Healthy Participants

After traumatic experiences, intrusive memories can flash back and evoke significant distress. Here, we investigated whether the occurrence of intrusions can be prevented by placebo. After the exposure to an experimental psychopathology model of psychological trauma, healthy participants (N=112) were randomised to deceptive placebo (DP), open-label placebo (OLP), or a no-treatment control group. The results show that one week later, the groups did not differ in the frequency of intrusive memories. However, participants receiving OLP reported the lowest intensity of intrusions. Participants receiving DP reported the lowest burden of intrusions. Across groups, the expectation that intrusions will be intense and hardly controllable was associated with a higher frequency of intrusions, higher distress, higher burden, and more negative appraisal. The results suggest that expectations play a crucial role in the emergence of intrusive memories and that at least some of the disabling aspects of intrusive memories can be reduced by placebo.

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