Rethinking Pullman

2000 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-26
Author(s):  
Janice L. Reiff
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Capitalist Society ◽  
Dual Roles ◽  
South Side ◽  
Social Experiments ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
The Town

For the residents of the former model town of Pullman, Illinois, 1994 was an important year. In May, 100 years earlier, a strike had broken out that pitted workers at the Pullman Car Works against George M. Pullman and the company that bore his name. Before the strike finally collapsed in August, it shutdown railroad traffic across much of America, brought federal troops into Chicago and cities as far away as Los Angeles, and led to the imprisonment of Eugene V. Debs, the president of the American Railway Union (ARU). It also brought to a close the long-standing debate on the most famous of the company’s social experiments: the model town located on Chicago’s far south side. Since 1880, George Pullman had trumpeted the architecturally and socially crafted town and life inside it as solutions for the problems of urban, industrial America, and large numbers of observers had concurred with that evaluation (Wright 1884; Smith 1995: 177–270; Reiff and Hirsch 1989: 104–6). For almost as long, its critics had excoriated the town as representing the worst excesses of a capitalist society where one man and his company could dominate every aspect of a worker’s life in their dual roles as landlord and employer (Ely 1885; Carwardine 1973 [1894]).

scholarly journals The mystery of Anser neglectus Sushkin, 1897. Victim of the Tunguska disaster? A Hungarian story

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 20-58
Author(s):  
Jacques Van Impe
Keyword(s):  
Distinct Species ◽  
Genetic Mutations ◽  
Zoological Garden ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Bean Goose ◽  
Field Identification ◽  
Breeding Grounds ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Town

Abstract The well-known Russian ornithologist Prof. Peter Sushkin described it as a distinct species from Bashkortostan (Bashkiria) in 1897, a highly acclaimed discovery. However, its breeding grounds never been discovered. Since then, there has been a long-standing debate over the taxonomic position of Anser neglectus. Taxonomists have argued that Anser neglectus belongs to the group of A. fabalis Lath. because of its close resemblance with A. f. fabalis. At the beginning of the 20th century, large numbers of the Sushkin’s goose were observed in three winter quarters: on two lakes in the Republic of Bachkortostan, in the surroundings of the town of Tashkent in the Republic Uzbekistan, and in the puszta Hortobágy in eastern Hungary. It is a pity that taxonomists did not thoroughly compare the Russian and Hungarian ornithological papers concerning the former presence of Anser neglectus in these areas, because these rich sources refer to characteristics that would cast serious doubt on the classification of Anser neglectus as a subspecies, an individual variation or mutation of A. f. fabalis. Sushkin’s goose, though a typical Taiga Bean Goose, distinguished itself from other taxa of the Bean Goose by its plumage, its field identification, by its specific “Gé-gé” call, the size of its bill, and by its preference for warm and dry winter haunts. A. neglectus should therefore be considered a separate, fully distinct species, sensu Stegmann (1935) and Stegmann in Schenk (1931/34), if we follow the established criteria in bird systematics of Tobias et al. (2010). Between 1908 and 1911, an estimation of up to 150.000 individuals of A. neglectus wintered in the Hortobágy puszta. Approximate counts for both other winter quarters are not available. The last living birds were seen in the zoological garden of Budapest in 1934. Since then, A. f. fabalis and A. s. rossicus “Type neglectus” (i.e. A. f. fabalis and A. s. rossicus with a color of the bill and the legs, similar to the former A. neglectus) have been observed sporadically on the breeding grounds and in the winter quarters of both taxa. However, the true A. neglectus seems to be extinct. Its sudden disappearance may be related to the Tunguska event, the catastrophe in 1908 that may have caused genetic mutations. This hypothesis is considered to be the most likely, among other available hypotheses about its extinction.

The social composition of the Land League

1971 ◽  
Vol 17 (68) ◽  
pp. 447-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sam Clark
Keyword(s):  
Political Activity ◽  
Large Measure ◽  
Local Leadership ◽  
Agrarian Society ◽  
Central Direction ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
The Social ◽  
Land Disputes ◽  
Historical Importance ◽  
The Town

The historical importance of the Irish National Land League lies primarily in its contribution to the politicization of Irish agrarian society. During the years 1879-82 the Land League conducted a tenant right campaign embracing virtually every county in the south and west of Ireland, and an extensive portion of the midlands as well. In these areas it organized an impressive network of local branches, which drew large numbers of farmers into political activity. The movement was not, however, organized by farmers alone. The central direction of the agitation was assumed by a contingent of Irish nationalists, while local leadership was provided, in large measure, by a discontented segment of the town population. Townsmen were numerically well represented in the Land League, they played an instrumental role in initiating the agitation, and they continued, once league branches had become established, to help organize meetings and enforce the league’s authority in local land disputes. Hence, though the Land League was principally a farmers’ organization, and though, in the end, it served to politicize Irish farmers, it was the the product of an alliance between two distinguishable social groups.

An Experiment on the Control of Tsetse (Glossina palpalis R.-D.) in High Forest of West Africa

1953 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 703-710 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. A. Nowosielski-Slepowron
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
West Africa ◽  
Rain Forest ◽  
Forest Type ◽  
Complete Eradication ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
High Reduction ◽  
Trap Catches ◽  
The Town ◽  
Glossina Palpalis

Kumasi is a rapidly expanding township of about 80,000 inhabitants. This has led to an extensive building programme which has followed the ridges in the vicinity of the town, leaving the valleys in between potentially dangerous isolated habitats of Glossina. The danger from these isolated habitats is enhanced by the large numbers of itinerant labourers.The topography of the town and its surroundings is hilly; the vegetation is of semi-deciduous rain forest type, but with very thick secondary bush along most of the valleys in which the farms had been abandoned.The climate is remarkably equable with the rainfall showing periodicity but the percentage relative humidity is high and even throughout the year.The experimental clearing of an isolated habitat of Glossina in the Dechem valley was commenced in July 1950 and finished in March 1951. The clearing was of a discriminative nature, with cutting, stumping and burning of a strip of bush up to 20 ft. high and 250–300 yards wide along the stream, and a high reduction of fly population was achieved. This reduction was such that further clearings were planned.The reduction in fly population was assessed from fly-boy catches and from trap catches. These records showed that rainfall affected the catches.At the time of writing, about a sixth of the protective clearings planned around Kumasi have been completed, the fly population being reduced between about 80 per cent. and complete eradication.

VII. Notes on the structure of some rocks from the andes of ecuador, collected by E. Whymper. No. IV. Carihuairazo, Cayambe, and Corazon

1884 ◽  
Vol 37 (232-234) ◽  
pp. 131-137
Keyword(s):  
South Side ◽  
The Road ◽  
Eastern Side ◽  
The Andes ◽  
Physical Features ◽  
The Town

I have been favoured by Mr. Whymper with some short notes on the structure and physical features of the three volcanic mountains whose rocks are investigated on this occasion, and have prefixed them to my lithological descriptions. It is remarkable what a general uniformity there is in the products of these summits of the Equatorial Andes, and this, as Mr. Whymper informs me, was so obvious that he made but small collections from the mountains which were visited during the latter part of his journey. Carihuairazo . “This forms the northern part of the massif of Chimborazo. It is separated on its south side from its great neighbour by the depression called Abraspungo (14,479), and its northern slopes extend almost to the town of Ambato (8,500). The road to Quito winds round its eastern side, and may be considered to mark its boundaries in that direction.

XXII.—On the Music in the Painted Glass of the Windows in the Beauchamp Chapel at Warwick

Archaeologia ◽  
1909 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 583-614
Author(s):  
Charles Frederic Hardy
Keyword(s):  
The South ◽  
English History ◽  
South Side ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Will ◽  
The Town

The history of the foundation and building of the Beauchamp Chapel at Warwick is contained (or rather was contained) in certain documents which were formerly amongst the municipal archives, but which (as I have been informed by the town clerk) are supposed to have perished in the great fire of Warwick in 1694. Fortunately full extracts from these documents are given in Dugdale's Antiquities of Warwickshire. Hence we learn that the chapel, which almost immediately adjoins the south side of the chancel of St. Mary's church, was founded and dedicated in honour of Our Lady in pursuance of the will of Richard Beauchamp, Earl of Warwick, who died in 1439. The earl was a man of almost European fame in his day, of great and varied achievement, and of vast wealth. His daughter Anne, who ultimately became the heiress of his only son, was the wife of Richard Neville, who also became Earl of Warwick and is well known in English history as the King-maker.

scholarly journals Excavations at Palaikastro. III: § 3.—Blocks κ and λ

1904 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 202-204
Author(s):  
R. M. Dawkins
Keyword(s):  
The South ◽  
The West ◽  
West Side ◽  
South Side ◽  
Family Living ◽  
The Town

A little west of the town-site lies a hillock called τὸ Kεφαλάκι or τοῦ Kονᾶ τὸ Kεφάλι the Kονᾶδες being a family living at Karýdhi, to whom the land formerly belonged. The west side and top of the hillock are rocky, but on the better covered east and north slopes ancient walls crop up above the surface. The owner of the field on the south side was known to have improved his land by pulling out blocks of stone, but enough ground was left on the east and north with traces of walls to make it plain that a group of houses lay beneath the surface.

Justice: The Meramec River at Times Beach and Mohandas Gandhi

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Belden C. Lane
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Word Meaning ◽  
Agent Orange ◽  
Toxic Chemical ◽  
Environmental Disaster ◽  
The Road ◽  
Ghost Town ◽  
Route 66 ◽  
The Town

The spring-fed Meramec River wanders for 218 miles through six Missouri counties before it flows into the Mississippi eighteen miles south of St. Louis. It cuts across the northeastern corner of the Ozark Plateau, carving out bluffs of white dolomite limestone along its way. The stream passes by Onondaga Cave, Meramec State Park, and Meramec Caverns, becoming a lazy river fed by smaller tributaries and floated by weekend adventurers. Overhanging sycamores and cottonwoods crowd its banks. Springs and caves invite floaters to tie up their canoes and explore. Mussel beds are plentiful, as are crappie, rainbow trout, and channel cat. The name “Meramec,” in fact, comes from an Algonquin word meaning “ugly fish” or “catfish.” I’ve put the kayak into the water at the river’s Allenton access south of I-44 near Eureka, Missouri. Paddling eight miles downstream, I’ve stopped for the night just past the old Route 66 bridge near Times Beach. Today Times Beach is a ghost town, but it’s still remembered as the site of the worst environmental disaster in Missouri history. In the early 1970s, the country’s largest civilian exposure to dioxin (TCDD) occurred here along the banks of the Meramec. Waste oil containing the toxic chemical used in making Agent Orange was spread on the town streets in order to keep down the dust. The Environmental Protection Agency ended up buying out the entire town and incinerating everything. All that’s left of Times Beach today is what locals refer to as the “town mound,” a long raised embankment of incinerated dirt covered with grass. Since 1999, the site has been turned into Route 66 State Park, commemorating the Mother Road of public highways, begun in 1926. Historic Route 66 was the first of America’s cross-country highways, extending from Chicago to Los Angeles. It crossed the Meramec River at this point. Known as “The Main Street of America,” the road symbolized the nation’s fascination with the automobile and the movement west. “Get your kicks on Route Sixty- Six” crooned Nat King Cole in his R & B classic of the 1940s. Today the old concrete bridge over the river goes nowhere.

The Making of a Midwestern Catholicism

2021 ◽  
pp. 61-76
Author(s):  
Michael J. Pfeifer
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Rural Landscape ◽  
Iowa City ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Catholic Culture ◽  
Transnational Connections ◽  
History Of ◽  
Protestant Denominations ◽  
The Town

This chapter uses Iowa City’s history of transnational, multiethnic Catholic cultures to trace the complex and varied origins of a regional Midwestern Catholic culture. Iowa can in a sense be seen as indicative of the Catholic experience in the Lower Midwest, where diverse ethnic Catholic enclaves scattered across a largely rural landscape that also attracted large numbers of worshippers from various Protestant denominations, especially Methodists and Congregationalists. Iowa City provides an excellent setting to trace the formation of a regional Catholic Midwestern culture rooted in plural ethnic diasporas and transnational connections. In the antebellum and early postbellum periods, the town encompassed the diverse, heterogenous character of nineteenth-century Midwestern Catholicism, including significant numbers of Irish, German, and Bohemian (Czech) Catholics. Amid the centrifugal pressures initially exerted by their diversity, this chapter argues, Iowa City’s Catholics experienced in miniature larger processes that would play out across the Midwest and among American Catholics more generally. Uneasily integrated for several decades in a single parish housing the town’s three significant ethnic Catholic communities, St. Mary’s Parish would fracture in favor of ethnic separatism, the formation of distinct ethnic parishes, in the latter decades of the nineteenth century.

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