scholarly journals Controlling Sediment and Nutrient Losses from Agricultural Lands

1972 ◽  
Vol 1 (01) ◽  
pp. 94-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
James J. Jacobs
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Resource ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Nutrient Losses ◽  
Agricultural Lands ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Phosphorus Losses

Quality of the environment is measured and evaluated by some criteria, such as composition, and by performance. However, quality, in terms of composition and/or performance, as a factor in environment has no meaning except as it relates to some use of the environment and scale of health, happiness and aspirations of man. For example, an environment is regarded as having a lower quality than 15 years ago because of an increase in the phosphorus contained in surface water and/or a change in the species of fish present in surface waters. In terms of performance, a particular environment (watershed) is not producing enough because the soil and phosphorus losses are twice the acceptable rate. Furthermore, the composition and performance of an environment are related. Measurement of the nitrogen and phosphorus content of water helps to determine if a given water resource can be used (perform) in a particular way.

The influence of drained peat soils on diffuse nitrogen pollution of surface water

2012 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 352-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anatoli Vassiljev ◽  
Irina Blinova
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Nitrogen Pollution ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Nutrient Loads ◽  
Agricultural Lands ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Peat Soils ◽  
Nitrogen Export ◽  
Drastic Decrease

Eutrophication caused by excess nutrient loads is the main problem for Estonian surface waters. Even after the drastic decrease in the application of mineral fertilizers at the beginning of the 1990s, the concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus in many rivers remained at undesirable and unexpectedly high levels. The investigation showed that drained peat soils are an important source of nitrogen export to the surface waters. Runoff of nitrogen from drained peat soils is, on average, 1.5-fold higher than from agricultural lands in Estonia.

scholarly journals Chemical Quality of Surface Water of Bhola Sadar Upazila in Bangladesh for Irrigation, Aquaculture, Drinking and Livestock Consumption

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-140
Author(s):  
MF Karim ◽  
MW Zaman ◽  
R Sultana ◽  
MU Nizam ◽  
MR Kamruzzaman
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Pond Water ◽  
Magnesium Content ◽  
Low Salinity ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Hard Limit ◽  
Surface Water Samples

A study was carried out with 25 pond water samples of Bhola Sadar Upazila to assess the quality of surface water for irrigation, aquaculture, drinking and livestock consumption. Chemical analyses of different parameters were done to assess the quality of water. All of the water samples showed slightly acidic in nature. Sixteen surface water samples were not suitable for drinking and aquaculture in respect of pH (pH <6.5). Electrical conductivity (EC) categorized the waters as “low salinity” (C1) to “medium salinity” (C2) class for irrigation. With respect to total dissolved solids surface waters were within “highest desirable limit” for drinking and irrigation and suitable for livestock consumption and aquaculture. Calcium and Magnesium content rated the samples as “maximum permissible” and “highest desirable” limit for drinking. All the samples were suitable for drinking in case of Na and K, 21 samples were not suitable for aquaculture due to higher (>5.0 mg L-1) K content. Six samples were unsuitable for livestock due to higher (Cl >30mgL- 1) Cl values. SSP rated 9 samples as “good”, 1 as “excellent”, 6 as “doubtful” and 9 as “permissible” for irrigation. With respect to RSC 21 samples were “suitable”, 3 were “marginal” and 1 was “unsuitable” for irrigation. Hardness classified 14 samples within “moderately hard”, 10 within “soft” and only one as “hard” limit for irrigation and 1 sample (No. 16) was unsuitable for livestock consumption. P, B, Cu and As concentration categorized all the samples suitable for irrigation, aquaculture, drinking and livestock consumption.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v6i1.22053 J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 6(1): 131-140 2013

Rainfall induced nitrogen and phosphorus losses from Manitoba soils

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. Hargrave ◽  
C. F. Shaykewich
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Nutrient Loss ◽  
Nutrient Losses ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Slope Length ◽  
Sediment Fraction ◽  
Phosphorus Losses ◽  
Total Sediment ◽  
Rainfall Erosion

Losses of total sediment phosphorus, total sediment nitrogen and dissolved nitrite, nitrate and ammonium resulting from natural rainfall erosion were studied in southern Manitoba during the summers of 1988–1990. Soils used were a Gretna clay, Leary sandy loam, Ryerson sandy clay and a Carroll clay loam. "Standard" erosion plots, i.e 22.13 m slope length, 4.6 m wide on a 9% slope were used. Crop management systems were 1) alfalfa, 2) corn, 3) wheat – minimum tillage, 4) wheat – conventional tillage, and 5) fallow. Nutrient losses averaged over the study period were greatest from the corn and fallow treatments, as high as 160 kg ha−1 yr−1 for nitrogen and 70 kg ha−1 yr−1 for phosphorus. Losses from wheat were intermediate. Losses from alfalfa were negligible. Most of the nutrient losses occurred with the sediment fraction, a result consistent with previous studies. Thus, nutrient loss can be estimated from a knowledge of soil loss. The amount of nutrient loss per unit soil varied with soil, and was a function of the inherent nutrient status of the soil. Key words: Nitrogen, phosphorus, rainfall erosion, nutrients

scholarly journals Response of Surface Water Quality Characteristics to Socio-economic Factors in Eastern-Central China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maoqing Duan ◽  
Shilu Zhang ◽  
Junyu He ◽  
MIngxia Xu ◽  
Yuanyuan Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Resource Management ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Water Resource ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Water Resource Management ◽  
Surface Water Quality ◽  
Ccme Wqi

Following the implementation of the strictest water resource management system in China, it has become increasingly important to understand and improve the surface water quality and the rate at which water function zones reach the water quality standard. Based on the monthly monitoring data from 450 monitoring sites at the provincial borders of 27 provinces in China in 2019, the overall surface water quality at provincial boundaries in China was as follows: 61.7% of the water was classified under Class I–III; and 5%, 8.6%, and 12.2% of the water was classified under Class IV, V, and inferior V, respectively. The main standard items are DO, CODMn, COD, BOD5, NH3-N, and TP. The Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment-water quality index (CCME-WQI) showed that the provincial boundary water quality exceeded the fair level, and F1 was the most influential factor. Then, 27 factors that directly or indirectly affect the water quality of surface water at the provincial boundaries of 27 provinces were identified, and the indirect influencing factors were integrated into the ecological environmental quality index and human activities quantitative index. Finally, the 27 factors were integrated into six factors, and the relationship between these indicators and CCME-WQI as well as the concentration of influencing elements with respect to regulatory standard limits were analyzed. The proportion of building land was the most significant factor affecting the quality of the aquatic environment in provincial boundaries. In addition, the economic development level, proportion of farmland, and degree of social development were identified as significant influencing factors. The six factors have different degrees of impact on the concentrations of major elements with respect to standard limits. This study basically explores water resource management and offers significant reference and guidelines for the improvement of the quality of surface water at provincial boundaries in China

scholarly journals On the issue of the Uzbekistan surface water quality assessment

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Surface Water Quality ◽  
Water Quality Assessment ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Hazard Class ◽  
Difficult Situation

The article is devoted to the analysis of the quality of surface water in Uzbekistan. Analyzed their impact on the living conditions and health of the population of the republic. The most difficult situation with drinking water supply and with the growth of diseases caused by the use of poor-quality drinking water falls on the Navoi, Khorezm, Surkhandarya regions and Karakalpakstan. The stated data makes it relevant to conduct research to determine the quality of surface waters and improve the methods of its assessment. The analysis of existing methods for assessing the quality of surface waters. The technique of assessment of the index of pollution of water applied now in Uzbekistan counted in compliance with “Methodical recommendations about the formalized complex evaluation test of the surface and ocean waters about hydro/chemical indexes” was developed in Soviet period and doesn’t meet the modern requirements. The need to improve the methods for assessing the quality of surface waters as compared with that currently used in Uzhydromet is indicated. One of the most promising at present is the “Method of integrated assessment of the degree of contamination of surface waters by hydro/chemical indicators” developed and used in operational practice in Russia. The most informative comprehensive estimat water pollution and the class of water quality. The author proposed methods for assessing the quality of surface waters, the calculation of which is based on the use of a larger amount of initial information and are more reliable than those used. In particular, the proposed methodology for assessing the quality of surface waters, taking into account the hazard class of ingredients.

scholarly journals Surface water quality of small rivers in the Ukrainian regions of right-bank Polissia

2021 ◽  
Vol 280 ◽  
pp. 10005
Author(s):  
Igor Gopchak ◽  
Tеtiana Basiuk ◽  
Artem Yatsyk ◽  
Oksana Yaromenko
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Surface Water Quality ◽  
Ecological Condition ◽  
Small Rivers ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Ecological Index ◽  
Satisfactory Condition

The quality of surface waters of small rivers of the Ukrainian regions of right-bank Polissia, belonging to the basin of the river Pripyat, was estimated. The study was conducted via systematic observations based on the ecological classification of surface water quality of land and estuaries of Ukraine, which includes a set of hydrophysical, hydrochemical, hydrobiological and other indicators, which were grouped into three blocks of indicators: salt composition of water; tropho-saprobiological (ecologicalsanitary) block; specific substances of toxic action. The integrated (ecological) index was determined, by which the class and category of surface water quality were established. The results of observations on the quality of surface waters of the rivers of the Ukrainian regions of right-bank Polissia indicate their satisfactory condition. Surface waters, on average, correspond to the II class of water quality, and the worst - to the III class. Water protection measures have been proposed to improve the ecological condition of small river basins in specified region.

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