Rainfall induced nitrogen and phosphorus losses from Manitoba soils

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. Hargrave ◽  
C. F. Shaykewich
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Nutrient Loss ◽  
Nutrient Losses ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Slope Length ◽  
Sediment Fraction ◽  
Phosphorus Losses ◽  
Total Sediment ◽  
Rainfall Erosion

Losses of total sediment phosphorus, total sediment nitrogen and dissolved nitrite, nitrate and ammonium resulting from natural rainfall erosion were studied in southern Manitoba during the summers of 1988–1990. Soils used were a Gretna clay, Leary sandy loam, Ryerson sandy clay and a Carroll clay loam. "Standard" erosion plots, i.e 22.13 m slope length, 4.6 m wide on a 9% slope were used. Crop management systems were 1) alfalfa, 2) corn, 3) wheat – minimum tillage, 4) wheat – conventional tillage, and 5) fallow. Nutrient losses averaged over the study period were greatest from the corn and fallow treatments, as high as 160 kg ha−1 yr−1 for nitrogen and 70 kg ha−1 yr−1 for phosphorus. Losses from wheat were intermediate. Losses from alfalfa were negligible. Most of the nutrient losses occurred with the sediment fraction, a result consistent with previous studies. Thus, nutrient loss can be estimated from a knowledge of soil loss. The amount of nutrient loss per unit soil varied with soil, and was a function of the inherent nutrient status of the soil. Key words: Nitrogen, phosphorus, rainfall erosion, nutrients

scholarly journals The effects of slope length and coverage ratio on nitrogen and phosphorus loss in red soil Regions of southern China

2019 ◽  
Vol 136 ◽  
pp. 07028
Author(s):  
Qian Jing ◽  
Zhang Liping
Keyword(s):  
Southern China ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Nutrient Loss ◽  
Vegetation Coverage ◽  
Soil Productivity ◽  
Slope Gradient ◽  
Point Source Pollution ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Slope Length ◽  
Coverage Ratio

Soil nutrient loss not only reduces soil productivity, but also causes non-point source pollution and accelerates the eutrophication of surface water. In order to understand the effects of slope lengths (2m, 4m), vegetation coverage ratios (15%, 30%, 45%, 60%, 90%) on the mechanisms of soil nutrient loss, the research studied the simulated rainfall experiment with the slope gradient of 20°, the rainfall intensity of 2.0 mm/min and the time of producing runoff for about 30 min. The experimental results showed that the runoff coefficient is mainly affected by vegetation coverage ratio.

scholarly journals Controlling Sediment and Nutrient Losses from Agricultural Lands

1972 ◽  
Vol 1 (01) ◽  
pp. 94-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
James J. Jacobs
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Resource ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Nutrient Losses ◽  
Agricultural Lands ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Phosphorus Losses

Quality of the environment is measured and evaluated by some criteria, such as composition, and by performance. However, quality, in terms of composition and/or performance, as a factor in environment has no meaning except as it relates to some use of the environment and scale of health, happiness and aspirations of man. For example, an environment is regarded as having a lower quality than 15 years ago because of an increase in the phosphorus contained in surface water and/or a change in the species of fish present in surface waters. In terms of performance, a particular environment (watershed) is not producing enough because the soil and phosphorus losses are twice the acceptable rate. Furthermore, the composition and performance of an environment are related. Measurement of the nitrogen and phosphorus content of water helps to determine if a given water resource can be used (perform) in a particular way.

A Study on Release of Nutrients from Ash Fertilizer

2014 ◽  
Vol 535 ◽  
pp. 523-527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Jie Huang ◽  
Na He ◽  
Ming Da Liu ◽  
Dan Yang ◽  
Yao Jing Wang
Keyword(s):  
Water Immersion ◽  
Immersion Test ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Nutrient Loss ◽  
Nutrient Losses ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Drying Temperature ◽  
Compound Fertilizer ◽  
Granulation Technology ◽  
Straw Ash

To study the effect of straw ash dosage and the function of drying temperature on nutrient losses, imitate disk granulation technology was used to make ash compound fertilizer; the water immersion test was chosen to study the effect of ash on nutrient leaching characteristics of ash compound fertilizer. The results show that the total nutrient loss was the least at drying temperature of 80°C; with the rise of ash content from 15% to 20%, the release content of nitrogen and phosphorus increase, indicated that ash is able to retard the release of nitrogen and phosphorus, the dissolution rate slows down with reducing ash content, which indicates adding ash can extend the time of nutrient supply, and the effect increased with the rise of ash content.

SOIL AND NUTRIENT LOSSES IN SURFACE RUNOFF FROM CONVENTIONAL AND NO-TILL CORN SYSTEMS

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 835-843 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. PESANT ◽  
J. L. DIONNE ◽  
J. GENEST
Keyword(s):  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Continuous Cultivation ◽  
Nutrient Loss ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Nutrient Losses ◽  
N Losses ◽  
No Till ◽  
Soil Losses ◽  
T System

A natural-rainfall erosion plot study was conducted during three consecutive growing seasons (May to September) on a tile-drained sandy loam with a 9% slope to evaluate differences in soil and nutrient losses (NO3-N, P, K) from conventional (C-T) and no-till (N-T) silage corn systems. For the N-T system, corn was seeded directly into an alfalfa-timothy sod that had been treated with atrazine at 4.5 kg ha−1 a few days prior to seeding to kill the sod. The conventional system involving continuous cultivation consisted of fall moldboard plowing, spring disking with a 2.2 kg ha−1 of atrazine applied to control weeds, and seeding. When compared with the C-T system, the N-T system reduced rainfall loss as runoff by 63.6% and soil losses by 92.4%. The 3-yr total soil losses amounted to 3.87 t ha−1 for N-T and 50.68 t ha−1 for C-T. The N-T system reduced K losses by 72.6% and P losses by 93.5% with respect to C-T. NO3-N losses were significantly lower for the C-T treatment as compared to the N-T treatment. Lower percentage nutrient loss occurred in solution from C-T corn because of better incorporation of the fertilizer into the soil. Yield and percent ear were not significantly different between the two systems. Key words: No-till corn, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, soil erosion, surface runoff

Nutrient Losses and N & P Balances in Small Agricultural Watersheds in Estonia

2003 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 531-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arvo lital ◽  
Enn Loigu ◽  
Nils Vagstad
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality Monitoring ◽  
Agricultural Watersheds ◽  
Agricultural Practice ◽  
Nutrient Losses ◽  
Nutrient Balances ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Nutrient Runoff ◽  
Baltic Countries ◽  
Data Loggers ◽  
Runoff Regime

The paper deals with nutrient runoff monitoring results and calculated nutrient budgets on catchment level in small agricultural watersheds in Estonia. A special programme for monitoring of nutrient losses was initiated and a network of monitoring stations, equipped with data-loggers and suitable devices for continuous flow measurement and flow-proportional automatic water sampling were established in Estonia in the mid-1990s. The research methodology is harmonized with the Nordic countries as well as with the other Baltic countries. The results indicate that nutrients losses are relatively low (generally below 11 kg N/ha and 0.9 kg P/ha). It can be partly explained by drastic changes in the Estonian agricultural practice in the 1990s but also by differences in runoff regime. Nutrient balances were calculated for two catchments, based on the data collected from the farms, some special studies and water quality monitoring results in two watersheds in 1995 (1999) - 2001. The nutrient balances for the catchments turned positive after being negative both for nitrogen and phosphorus in the mid-1990s.

Relationships Between Soluble and Sediment Nutrient Losses, Land Use and Types of Soil in Agricultural Watersheds

1977 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.H. Neilsen ◽  
A.F. Mackenzie
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Sediment Concentration ◽  
Chemical Oxidation ◽  
Nutrient Loss ◽  
Potassium Sulfate ◽  
Agricultural Watersheds ◽  
Nutrient Losses ◽  
Calcium Magnesium

Abstract Seven agricultural watersheds in southwestern Quebec and southeastern Ontario, ranging in area from 2,000 to 20,000 hectares, were monitored systematically during 1973–75 for soluble inorganic nitrogen, total soluble phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, potassium, sulfate-sulfur, chemical oxidation demand, discharge, suspended sediment concentration, sediment Kjeldahl nitrogen, Bray extractable phosphorus, and ammonium acetate extractable calcium, magnesium and potassium. For 1974–75, annual Kg/ha, loss rates were calculated for the soluble and sediment associated nutrients. Losses varied with nutrient and watershed, with volume of runoff being an important control of nutrient loss variation. Significant amounts of SO4−S in precipitation were suggested by an average watershed soluble N:P:S loss ratio of 10:1:92. Sediment nutrient losses were especially important for N and P, comprising over 40% of their total loss. The importance of spring snow-melt runoff was demonstrated by the high proportion of all nutrients lost at this time. Correlations of nutrient loss, land use and soils suggested that certain land uses resulted in increased stream nutrient losses while increased watershed area of soils with a high surface runoff potential was particularly conducive to increased soluble nutrient and sediment losses.

Nitrogen and phosphorus in the Vistula River, Poland -- changes from source to mouth

1994 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 177-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin Sundblad ◽  
Andrzej Tonderski ◽  
Jacek Rulewski
Keyword(s):  
Central Region ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Nutrient Loss ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Concentration Data ◽  
Diffuse Sources ◽  
Vistula River ◽  
South Central

Nitrogen and phosphorus concentration data representing samples collected once a month for nine months at 13 locations along the Vistula River are considered in a preliminary discussion of the sources of the nutrients transported to the Baltic Sea. Concentrations in relation to flow data indicated substantial differences between subbasins. Based on those differences, on the area-specific nutrient loss for a six-month period and on the wastewater discharge in each subbasin, four regions could be recognized in the river basin: i) the southern region with a large impact of point sources, ii) the south central region, where diffuse sources seemed to be of major importance, iii) the north central region with a combined effect of point and diffuse sources, and retention in two reservoirs, iv) the northern region where point sources seemed to be the dominating source, at least for phosphorus. Our results illustrate the importance of differences in phosphorus retention between the basins. Long-term retention along the course of the river, particularly in the two reservoirs, must be estimated to allow proper source apportionment in the Vistula basin. Concentration decreases in the Wloclawek Reservoir varied between 44 and 68% for P, and 11 to 37% for N, in the months with significant retention. In some months, however, concentrations increased, indicating a release of nutrients.

Effects of strategic tillage on short-term erosion, nutrient loss in runoff and greenhouse gas emissions

Soil Research ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 201 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Melland ◽  
D. L. Antille ◽  
Y. P. Dang
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Heavy Rainfall ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Nutrient Loss ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
Nutrient Losses ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

Occasional strategic tillage (ST) of long-term no-tillage (NT) soil to help control weeds may increase the risk of water, erosion and nutrient losses in runoff and of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions compared with NT soil. The present study examined the short-term effect of ST on runoff and GHG emissions in NT soils under controlled-traffic farming regimes. A rainfall simulator was used to generate runoff from heavy rainfall (70mmh–1) on small plots of NT and ST on a Vertosol, Dermosol and Sodosol. Nitrous oxide (N2O), carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) fluxes from the Vertosol and Sodosol were measured before and after the rain using passive chambers. On the Sodosol and Dermosol there was 30% and 70% more runoff, respectively, from ST plots than from NT plots, however, volumes were similar between tillage treatments on the Vertosol. Erosion was highest after ST on the Sodosol (8.3tha–1 suspended sediment) and there were no treatment differences on the other soils. Total nitrogen (N) loads in runoff followed a similar pattern, with 10.2kgha–1 in runoff from the ST treatment on the Sodosol. Total phosphorus loads were higher after ST than NT on both the Sodosol (3.1 and 0.9kgha–1, respectively) and the Dermosol (1.0 and 0.3kgha–1, respectively). Dissolved nutrient forms comprised less than 13% of total losses. Nitrous oxide emissions were low from both NT and ST in these low-input systems. However, ST decreased CH4 absorption from both soils and almost doubled CO2 emissions from the Sodosol. Strategic tillage may increase the susceptibility of Sodosols and Dermosols to water, sediment and nutrient losses in runoff after heavy rainfall. The trade-offs between weed control, erosion and GHG emissions should be considered as part of any tillage strategy.

Soil Type Modifies the Impacts of Warming and Snow Exclusion on Carbon and Nutrient Losses

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie M. Juice ◽  
Paul G. Schaberg ◽  
Alexandra M. Kosiba ◽  
Carl E. Waite ◽  
Gary J. Hawley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Nutrient Cycling ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Soil Characteristics ◽  
Nutrient Loss ◽  
Climate Projections ◽  
Nutrient Losses ◽  
N Losses ◽  
Total N ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The varied and wide-reaching impacts of climate change are occurring across heterogeneous landscapes. Despite the known importance of soils in mediating biogeochemical nutrient cycling, there is little experimental evidence of how soil characteristics may shape ecosystem response to climate change. Our objective was to clarify how soil characteristics modify the impact of climate changes on carbon and nutrient leaching losses in temperate forests. We therefore conducted a field-based mesocosm experiment with replicated warming and snow exclusion treatments on two soils in large (2.4 m diameter), in-field forest sapling mesocosms. We found that nutrient loss responses to warming and snow exclusion treatments frequently varied substantially by soil type. Indeed, in some cases, soil type nullified the impact of a climate treatment. For example, warming and snow exclusion increased nitrogen (N) losses on fine soils by up to four times versus controls, but these treatments had no impact on coarse soils. Generally, the coarse textured soil, with its lower soil-water holding capacity, had higher nutrient losses (e.g., 12-17 times more total N loss from coarse than fine soils), except in the case of phosphate, which had consistently higher losses (23-58%) from the finer textured soil. Furthermore, the mitigation of nutrient loss by increasing tree biomass varied by soil type and nutrient. Our results suggest that potentially large biogeochemical responses to climate change are strongly mediated by soil characteristics, providing further evidence of the need to consider soil properties in Earth system models for improving nutrient cycling and climate projections.

Combining sub-field scale soil sampling and GIS interpolation techniques for mapping nutrient hotspots 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Hayes ◽  
Suzanne Higgins ◽  
Donal Mullan ◽  
Josie Geris
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Soil Sampling ◽  
Nutrient Losses ◽  
Field Scale ◽  
Soil Nutrient Status ◽  
Interpolation Techniques ◽  
Nutrient Hotspots ◽  
Field Variability

<p>The EU Water Framework Directive (WFD) aims to target prevalent poor water quality status. Of the various contributing sources agriculture is particularly important due to the high loading rates of sediment and nutrient losses associated with fertilisation, sowing, and cropping regimes. Understanding soil nutrient status and the potential pathways for nutrient loss either through point or diffuse sources is an important step to improve water quality from an agricultural perspective. Research has demonstrated extensive in-field variability in soil nutrient status. A sampling regime that explores this variability at a sub-field scale is necessary. Traditional soil sampling consists of taking 20-30 cores per field in a W-shaped formation to produce a single bulked core, however, it generally fails to locate nutrient hotspots at finer resolutions. Inappropriate generalised fertilisation and management recommendations can be made in which nutrient hotspots or deficient zones are overlooked. Gridded soil sampling can reveal the full degree of in-field variability in nutrient status to inform more precise and site-specific nutrient applications. High soil phosphorus levels and the concept of legacy nutrient accumulation due to long-term over-application of phosphorus fertiliser in addition to animal slurry is a problem across the island of Ireland.</p><p>This research aims to locate and quantify the presence of soil nutrient hotspots at several field-scale locations in the cross-border Blackwater catchment in Northern Ireland / Republic of Ireland. Based on 35 m sampling grids, the nutrient content at unsampled locations in each field was determined using GIS interpolation techniques. Particular attention was paid to phosphorus, given its role in eutrophication. Gridded soil sampling enables the identification of nutrient hotspots within fields and when combined with an analysis of their location in relation to in-field landscape characteristics and knowledge of current management regimes, the risk of nutrient or sediment loss potential may be defined. This research concluded that traditional W soil sampling of producing one average value per field is not appropriate to uncover the degree of spatial variability in nutrient status and is inappropriate for catchment management of agricultural systems for controlling nutrient losses. Soil sampling at multiple locations per field is deemed to be cost-prohibitive for many farmers. However, sub-field scale soil sampling and appropriate geostatistical interpolation techniques can reveal the degree of variability and suggest an appropriate resolution for field-scale nutrient management that may be necessary to achieve measurable improvements in water quality.</p>

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