The Portuguese Slave Trade to Spanish Manila: 1580–1640

Itinerario ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiana Seijas
Keyword(s):  
Free Trade ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Slave Trade ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Forced Migration ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
San Juan ◽  
Economic Significance ◽  
Catarina De San Juan ◽  
Legal Barriers

Catarina de San Juan was a slave woman who was brought to the Philippines in the 1610s on her way to Mexico, where she became a beata of great renown. Her experiences in the slave markets of Cochin and Manila suggest that Portuguese traders played a key role as the primary suppliers of Asian slaves to the Philippines. This paper argues that Portuguese slavers made a significant contribution to the Manila economy by providing an important labour force that helped build and maintain the colony from 1580 to 1640, the years of Iberian Union or, from the Portuguese perspective, the “Spanish Captivity”. One-crown rule gave Portuguese traders free trade access to Manila, allowing them to meet the city's demand for this important commodity. The slave trade's volume and profits testify to its social and economic significance and suggests that the Portuguese helped sustain the Philippines, even as they faced the logistical difficulties and legal barriers evident in Catarina's story. This paper shows that the forced migration of individuals like Catarina was a notable outcome of “Spain's Asian presence”—less significant in economic terms than the transfer of silver and textiles, but no less important in human terms.

scholarly journals Work and the Diaspora: Locating Irish Workers in the British Labour Market

2002 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 27-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henrietta O'Connor ◽  
John Goodwin
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Qualitative Change ◽  
Work Experiences ◽  
The Past ◽  
British Labour ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Uk

Irish migrant workers still make a significant contribution to the UK labour force, but this contribution is confined to particular occupation and industry groups. This paper begins with a brief review of the literature on Irish workers employment and an argument is developed that the work of Irish-born people in Britain is still both racialised and gendered. Then, using data from the UK Quarterly Labour Force Survey (QLFS), the work experiences of over one thousand Irish-born people in the UK are explored. The findings suggest that Irish-born men and women still work in the stereotyped occupations of the past. For example, most women work in public administration and health while twenty six per cent of men work in construction. The majority of Irish-born men work in manual skilled or unskilled jobs. The paper concludes that there has been no real qualitative change in the way that Irish-born workers experience employment in the UK.

scholarly journals FOREIGN TRADE ACTIVITY OF UKRAINE WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF SIGNING OF «FTA+» WITH THE EU AND FTA WITH THE CIS

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (127) ◽  
pp. 116-127
Author(s):  
O. Lytvyn
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Free Trade Area ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
Internal Market ◽  
Economic Collaboration ◽  
Foreign Trade Activity ◽  
The Eu

This article deals with the prospects, possible risks and threats of deep and comprehensive free trade area («FTA+») between Ukraine and the EU. Features of foreign economic activity of Ukraine within the framework of FTA with the CIS are also considered in the article. A detailed analysis of the foreign trade statement and regional pattern of exports and imports of Ukraine is presented for the last few years. The key difference between «FTA+» with the EU and classic free trade areas is determined. Risks of the external economic collaboration of Ukraine with the European countries are described after intensifying of the conflict between Ukraine and Russian Federation. Reasons of suspension of the Free trade agreement between Russia and Ukraine are marked. It operated within the framework of FTA with the CIS, trade and economic collaboration between the countries until the abolition of a free trade with Ukraine by Russian Federation. The consequences of the European technical and phytosanitary standards, substantial diminishing of export and import duties and measures related to the preparation of internal market to «FTA+» are analysed for Ukraine. The form of «FTA+» is found out, which foresees the reduction and liquidation of trade barriers within the framework of a free trade regime. It doesn’t deal only with liberalization of bilateral commodity trade but such spheres, as: trade in services, regime of foreign direct investment, public purchasing and labour force movement. The form of «FTA+» also foresees a wide adaptation program of economic and sectoral legislation of Ukraine to the norms and standards of the EU that will allow removing of nontariff barriers for domestic exports to internal market of the EU.

Book Reviews

2014 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 877-879
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
American Studies ◽  
Slave Trade ◽  
Manifest Destiny ◽  
Harvard University ◽  
Global Capitalism ◽  
Mississippi Valley ◽  
American Slavery

Explores American slavery and its role in U.S. expansionism, global capitalism, and the subsequent Civil War in the Mississippi Valley. Discusses Jeffersonian visions and nightmares in Louisiana; the panic of 1835; the steamboat sublime; limits to capital; the runaway's river; dominion; “The Empire of the White Man's Will”; the carceral landscape; the Mississippi Valley in the time of cotton; capital, cotton, and free trade; tales of Mississippian empire; the material limits of “Manifest Destiny”; “The Grey-Eyed Man of Destiny”; and the ignominious effort to reopen the slave trade. Johnson is Winthrop Professor of History and Professor of African and African American Studies at Harvard University.

Migration History and Historiography

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benedetta Rossi
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Slave Trade ◽  
Forced Migration ◽  
Forced Labor ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
African Migrants ◽  
Natural Catastrophes ◽  
The Government ◽  
European Colonialism

Migration has been a central factor in African history. It is likely that the human species started spreading on the planet within and outside of Africa between 2 and 2.5 million years ago. Although the earliest stages of human migrations are the subject of intense debate, most hypotheses concentrate on movements that occurred in the African continent. In historical times, African migrations can be divided into two broad sub-fields looking at, respectively: people moving because they were forced to and people choosing to move on their own free will. Africa has been the source of the largest forced migrations in history. The trans-Atlantic slave trade was the largest long-distance forced migration of people, even though it happened over a shorter period than the trans-Saharan and Indian Ocean slave trades. Within Africa, trade across complementary ecological zones and the seasonality of production propelled free migrations of traders and workers involved in long distance trade. Following the abolition of slavery and the slave trade, free labor migrations rose in importance. European colonialism introduced the need for cash that was often only accessible in cities and areas of cash crop production. It was also responsible for the introduction of new forms of forced labor required for the building and maintenance of colonial infrastructure. The rise of development as a rationale for the government of African societies influenced migrations in multiple ways through national and international policies aimed at channeling people’s mobility. In the last two centuries, African migrants have been unfolding projects of self-development by traveling to places where they hoped to find better opportunities. Yet contemporary trafficking and displacements caused by wars, intolerance, and natural catastrophes attest to the continuing relevance of violence as a key aspect of the experience of African migrants.

scholarly journals Slave trading and slavery in the Dutch colonial empire: A global comparison

2008 ◽  
Vol 82 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 47-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rik van Welie
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Slave Trade ◽  
Forced Migration ◽  
East India Company ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Global Comparison ◽  
Colonial Empire ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
Indian Ocean World ◽  
Dutch Colonial

Compares slave trading and slavery in the Dutch colonial empire, specifically between the former trading and territorial domains of the West India Company (WIC), the Americas and West Africa, and of the East India Company (VOC), South East Asia, the Indian Ocean region, and South and East Africa. Author presents the latest quantitative assessments concerning the Dutch transatlantic as well as Indian Ocean World slave trade, placing the volume, direction, and characteristics of the forced migration in a historical context. He describes how overall the Dutch were a second-rate player in Atlantic slavery, though in certain periods more important, with according to recent estimates a total of about 554.300 slaves being transported by the Dutch to the Americas. He indicates that while transatlantic slave trade and slavery received much scholarly attention resulting in detailed knowledge, the slave trade and slavery in the Indian Ocean World by the Dutch is comparatively underresearched. Based on demand-side estimates throughout Dutch colonies of the Indonesian archipelago and elsewhere, he deduces that probably close to 500.000 slaves were transported by the Dutch in the Indian Ocean World. In addition, the author points at important differences between the nature and contexts of slavery, as in the VOC domains slavery was mostly of an urban and domestic character, contrary to its production base in the Americas. Slavery further did in the VOC areas not have a rigid racial identification like in WIC areas, with continuing, postslavery effects, and allowed for more flexibility, while unlike the plantation colonies in the Caribbean, as Suriname, not imported slaves but indigenous peoples formed the majority. He also points at relative exceptions, e.g. imported slaves for production use in some VOC territories, as the Banda islands and the Cape colony, and a certain domestic and urban focus of slavery in Curaçao.

scholarly journals Digital Debt Labour: Migration, Deportation and Offshoring in Mexico

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 304-321
Author(s):  
Enda Brophy ◽  
Rodrigo Finkelstein
Keyword(s):  
Mexico City ◽  
Return Migration ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Consumer Credit ◽  
Forced Migration ◽  
Call Centre ◽  
Undocumented Migrants ◽  
Labour Process ◽  
Debt Collection

This article explores the convergence of debt, deportation, and digital labour in Mexico by describing the making of a labour force working on the frontlines of transnational debt collection, performing what we call digital debt labour. Drawing on dozens of interviews in Tijuana and Mexico City conducted between 2016 and 2019, we relate the growth of a debt collection labour force in Mexico. To theorise the intersection between debt, migration, and digital labour, this article explores three overlapping, converging, and expanding forms of migration: debt migration, or the circulation of consumer credit through markets for, or processes of, debt collection; virtual migration or the outsourcing of call centre work to offshore locations and the return migration of call centre workers in the labour process; and forced migration, or the deportation of undocumented migrants. Our core argument is that this case study demonstrates the manner in which a highly financialised and digital variant of capitalism is evolving to develop a multi-faceted and opportunistic relationship with the growing trends of migration and deportation.

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