Conceptualising hegemonic legitimacy

2009 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
DAVID P. RAPKIN ◽  
DAN BRAATEN
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Secondary Level ◽  
The United States ◽  
Family Resemblance ◽  
Subjective Perceptions ◽  
Public Opinion Polls ◽  
Opinion Polls ◽  
Basic Level ◽  
Multidimensional Concept

AbstractWhat is international legitimacy and whence does it stem? What entities seek it and why, and who grants or withholds it? How might the different meanings of the concept be reconciled? This article argues that Family Resemblance Concept (FRC) methods are particularly well-suited to explicating the complex meanings associated with this multidimensional concept. We start with a basic level definition based on subjective perceptions and beliefs, the normative quality of oughtness, and the idea of consent. We then expand this definition by developing several secondary-level dimensions: shared values, constitutionalism (consisting of two forms of process legitimacy), and outcome legitimacy. At the indicator level, we examine 14 different survey questions asked in international public opinion polls to provide a tentative empirical glimpse of how our FRC version of legitimacy could be operationalised and tested. The paper concludes with a discussion of the usefulness of the FRC scheme in imposing some order on the legitimacy concept and in illuminating the recent legitimacy problems afflicting the United States.

The Power of Polls?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason Roy ◽  
Shane P. Singh ◽  
Patrick Fournier
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
The United States ◽  
Voting Behaviour ◽  
Election Campaigns ◽  
Political Sophistication ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Public Opinion Polls ◽  
Opinion Polls

Public opinion polls have become increasingly prominent during elections, but how they affect voting behaviour remains uncertain. In this work, we estimate the effects of poll exposure using an experimental design in which we randomly assign the availability of polls to participants in simulated election campaigns. We draw upon results from ten independent experiments conducted across six countries on four continents (Argentina, Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, and the United States) to examine how polls affect the amount of information individuals seek and the votes that they cast. We further assess how poll effects differ according to individual-level factors, such as partisanship and political sophistication, and the content included in polls and how it is presented. Our work provides a comprehensive assessment of the power of polls and the implications for poll reporting in contemporary elections.

scholarly journals Public Policy and the Ageing Workforce in the United States

2004 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara E. Rix
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Public Policy ◽  
Older Workers ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Work Force ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Older Americans ◽  
Public Opinion Polls ◽  
Opinion Polls

Despite an ageing work force and the impending retirement of millions of baby boomers that could lead to serious labour, skills, and occupational shortages, older workers are not high on the policy agenda in the United States. Nonetheless, labour force participation rates for the older population have been rising, and public opinion polls reveal a sizeable demand for post-retirement employment. The challenge lies in meeting that demand and fostering longer worklives on the part of even more older Americans. A substantial public policy response is by no means certain, although raising the retirement age is likely to feature prominently in the debate on Social Security reform.

Why Americans Don't Care about Income Inequality

2005 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan Glazer
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Public Support ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Race Problem ◽  
Public Opinion Polls ◽  
Opinion Polls

The United States is the most unequal of the economically advanced nations, but despite this inequality there seems to less concern in the USA for inequality, less support for measures to reduce it, than in other economically advanced nations. This is demonstrated by the lesser percentage of GDP that supports redistributive programs attempting to redirect resources to the poor and less prosperous part of the population than we typically find in Europe. Public opinion polls also show less concern or sympathy for the poor in the United States. A recent major effort to explain this anomaly argues that the explanation is the race problem, and the identification of the poor with blacks. As against Europe, redistributive programs are not seen as programs for ‘us’ and ‘people like us’, but for those who are different and less deserving, particularly blacks, and this seems true. But one must add to this the strong tradition in the USA of successive immigrant groups providing through religious and other institutions for the welfare of their own kind, a tradition which has reduced the public support for public services for all.

Introduction

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valerie Neal
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Social Issue ◽  
Public Opinion ◽  
Space Exploration ◽  
The United States ◽  
Human Spaceflight ◽  
Mental Construct ◽  
Firm Commitment ◽  
Public Opinion Polls ◽  
Opinion Polls

According to public opinion polls, Americans are rather fickle about space exploration. In open-ended questions—“Do you think the United States should explore space?”—most eagerly say yes. To more focused questions—“Do you think the United States should explore space or tackle [insert any social issue here]?”—many supporters defect. This suggests that people generally do not have a firm commitment to the meaning or value of space exploration, and particularly not to its higher-risk, higher-cost mode: human spaceflight. Yet most do carry around some kind of mental construct—a metaphor, a meme, a cliché—that gives spaceflight meaning in their own intellectual domains....

Well-being and inequality in comparative perspective: the case of Poland and Ukraine

2019 ◽  
pp. 32-55
Author(s):  
Natalia Kovalisko ◽  
Serhii Makeev
Keyword(s):  
Tax Evasion ◽  
Shadow Economy ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Household Surveys ◽  
Cheap Labour ◽  
Catching Up ◽  
Public Opinion Polls ◽  
Opinion Polls

Socio-economic trajectories of Poland and Ukraine have been considerably diverging since the last decade of the 20th century. The former has been advancing and catching up with Western European countries in terms of the quality of life — whereas in Ukraine, the 1990s recession gave way to unsustainable economic growth, which interrupted in the second half of the 2000s and in the 2010s. The comparison of official statistics, along with the data of household surveys and public opinion polls, makes it possible to conclude that a progressive and sustainable transition from a command economy to free market, as exemplified by Poland, is accompanied by moderate deepening of economic inequality. However, an abnormal transition (deviating from the “Polish rule”) entails excessive concentration of wealth and gives rise to corruption as a mechanism of income redistribution among different categories of population. This also results in a more noticeable stratification of opportunies for meeting vital and existential needs. Owing to a large proportion of shadow economy and undeclared work, Ukrainians remain a source of cheap labour in both the domestic and international labour markets; in addition, a persistent subculture of tax evasion is being formed in this country.

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