English as a command language for robot control (HIROB)

Robotica ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Bock
Keyword(s):  
Programming Language ◽  
Management System ◽  
Robot Control ◽  
Lexical Analysis ◽  
Command Language ◽  
Low Level ◽  
High Level ◽  
User Friendly ◽  
Very High

SUMMARYTo facilitate expedient communication with robots, a very-high level hierarchical robot command language (HIROB) has been designed and implemented. HIROB uses the full and comprehensive syntax of the English imperative, allowing users to control a robot without the need of learning an esoteric programming language. A Parser/Scanner/Recognizer (PSR) performs a lexical analysis of a HIROB command stream, and identifies which portions of the command stream already exist as fully defined procedures in the files of the Procedure Management System (PMS). Those portions which do not exist must be defined using either existing HIROB procedures (English phrases), or by using the primitive commands of the low-level robot command language (LOROB). This process is fully recursive, so that HIROB procedures may consist of defined or undefined HIROB procedures, as well as LOROB commands, with the understanding that a high-level command cannot be executed until all of its hierarchical sub-commands have been fully defined. A user-friendly editor has been incorporated into the PMS to allow convenient creation, modification, and testing of HIROB commands.

scholarly journals Building Extraction in Very High Resolution Imagery by Dense-Attention Networks

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1768 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Yang ◽  
Penghai Wu ◽  
Xuedong Yao ◽  
Yanlan Wu ◽  
Biao Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Building Extraction ◽  
Learning Networks ◽  
Feature Maps ◽  
Low Level ◽  
High Resolution Imagery ◽  
Very High Resolution Imagery ◽  
High Level ◽  
Very High

Building extraction from very high resolution (VHR) imagery plays an important role in urban planning, disaster management, navigation, updating geographic databases, and several other geospatial applications. Compared with the traditional building extraction approaches, deep learning networks have recently shown outstanding performance in this task by using both high-level and low-level feature maps. However, it is difficult to utilize different level features rationally with the present deep learning networks. To tackle this problem, a novel network based on DenseNets and the attention mechanism was proposed, called the dense-attention network (DAN). The DAN contains an encoder part and a decoder part which are separately composed of lightweight DenseNets and a spatial attention fusion module. The proposed encoder–decoder architecture can strengthen feature propagation and effectively bring higher-level feature information to suppress the low-level feature and noises. Experimental results based on public international society for photogrammetry and remote sensing (ISPRS) datasets with only red–green–blue (RGB) images demonstrated that the proposed DAN achieved a higher score (96.16% overall accuracy (OA), 92.56% F1 score, 90.56% mean intersection over union (MIOU), less training and response time and higher-quality value) when compared with other deep learning methods.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Resistance Development in Bemisia tabaci Genn. (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) in Cotton against Different Insecticides

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 996
Author(s):  
Muhammad Zaryab Khalid ◽  
Sohail Ahmed ◽  
Ibrahim Al-ashkar ◽  
Ayman EL Sabagh ◽  
Liyun Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bemisia Tabaci ◽  
The Other ◽  
Resistance Development ◽  
Susceptible Population ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Development Of Resistance ◽  
Major Pest ◽  
Selection For ◽  
High Level ◽  
Very High

Cotton is a major crop of Pakistan, and Bemisia tabaci (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) is a major pest of cotton. Due to the unwise and indiscriminate use of insecticides, resistance develops more readily in the whitefly. The present study was conducted to evaluate the resistance development in the whitefly against the different insecticides that are still in use. For this purpose, the whitefly population was selected with five concentrations of each insecticide, for five generations. At G1, compared with the laboratory susceptible population, a very low level of resistance was observed against bifenthrin, cypermethrin, acetamiprid, imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, nitenpyram, chlorfenapyr, and buprofezin with a resistance ratio of 3-fold, 2-fold, 1-fold, 4-fold, 3-fold, 3-fold, 3-fold, and 3-fold, respectively. However, the selection for five generations increased the resistance to a very high level against buprofezin (127-fold), and to a high level against imidacloprid (86-fold) compared with the laboratory susceptible population. While, a moderate level of resistance was observed against cypermethrin (34-fold), thiamethoxam (34-fold), nitenpyram (30-fold), chlorfenapyr (29-fold), and acetamiprid (21-fold). On the other hand, the resistance was low against bifenthrin (18-fold) after selection for five generations. A very low level of resistance against the field population of B. tabaci, at G1, showed that these insecticides are still effective, and thus can be used under the field conditions for the management of B. tabaci. However, the proper rotation of insecticides among different groups can help to reduce the development of resistance against insecticides.

Application of Learning Management System for Online Learning Modules

2015 ◽  
Vol 804 ◽  
pp. 347-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vipa Jakchaikul
Keyword(s):  
Online Learning ◽  
Programming Language ◽  
Management System ◽  
Learning Management System ◽  
Interactive Systems ◽  
Learning System ◽  
University Of Technology ◽  
Present Decade ◽  
Learning Management ◽  
High Level

In the present decade, education is entering to the world of online learning and focusing to a learner as the center of education. To manage learning system successfully, the education courses: Learning management system (LMS) based on the online learning has been developed. In this study, LMS was developed for Programming Language course for the students of Rajamangala University of Technology Phra Nakhon by using the principle of software development life cycle (SDLC) process. Additionally, the development of the program was done via important major phases of planning analysis, design, implement and evaluated by experts in this field. From 60 randomly selected students of the Faculty of Science and Technology, online Programming Language course providing modules based on LMS model via the Internet showed higher efficiency of 85% than the control in the standard usual instruction procedure. All these aspects of system performance evaluated by the students were also at high level and satisfied with the developed lesson described on the web. Therefore, this online learning system is helpful for all learners in the present information technology world. This system would be further applied for other courses with other additional interactive systems.

A very high level programming language for data processing applications

1977 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
pp. 832-840 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Hammer ◽  
W. Gerry Howe ◽  
Vincent J. Kruskal ◽  
Irving Wladawsky
Keyword(s):  
Data Processing ◽  
Programming Language ◽  
High Level ◽  
Very High

A dynamic very high-level debugger for low-level microprograms

1986 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 148-155
Author(s):  
N. J. Wahl ◽  
S. R. Schach ◽  
R. I. Winner
Keyword(s):  
Low Level ◽  
High Level ◽  
Very High

scholarly journals THE STUDENTS’ COMPREHENSION IN ANALYZING ENGLISH TEXT OF THE MA DARUL FURQAN NW MENGKURU GRADERS

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mul Muliadi
Keyword(s):  
English Text ◽  
Average Level ◽  
Low Level ◽  
The Mean ◽  
High Level ◽  
Very High

This research is aimed to measure the students’ compression in analyzing English text for the students of MA Darul Furqan NW Mengkuru. The students’ comprehension in analyzing English text for the tenth year students of MA Darul Furqan NW Mengkuru are in average level. It can be seen from the mean score of the students that is 31.35 in which this number belongs average level. The percentages of successes of students’ comprehension in analyzing English text for the tenth year students of MA Darul Furqan NW Mengkuru are low. After the scores were classified for the students’ comprehension in analyzing English text, the researcher found 4 students who got very high score. It means that there were 13.33% of them were categorized very high level. Furthermore, there were 4 students who got high level; it means that there were 13.33% of students who were categorized high level. There were7 students who got sufficient level; it means that there were 23.33% of students who were categorized high level, and there were 15 students who got low level; it means that there were 50% of students who were categorized low level, moreover, there were none of students who got very. 

SystemC Language Usage as the Alternative to the HDL and High-level Modeling for NoC Simulation

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 18-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandr Romanov ◽  
Alexander Ivannikov
Keyword(s):  
Programming Language ◽  
Hot Spots ◽  
Geometric Shape ◽  
Language Usage ◽  
Networks On Chip ◽  
Speed Increase ◽  
Low Level ◽  
High Level Modeling ◽  
On Chip ◽  
High Level

This article describes how actual trends of networks-on-chip research and known approaches to their modeling are considered. The characteristics of analytic and high- / low- level simulation are given. The programming language SystemC as an alternative solution to create models of networks-on-chip is proposed, and SystemC models speed increase methodic is observed. The methods of improving SystemC models are formulated. There has been shown how SystemC language can reduce the disadvantages and maximize the advantages of high-level and low-level approaches. To achieve this, the comparison of results for high-level, low-level and SystemC NoC simulation is given on the example of “hot spots” and the geometric shape of regular NoC topologies effect on their productivity.

Knowledge-based systems, Lisp, and very high level implementation languages

1992 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-155
Author(s):  
Eric Sandewall
Keyword(s):  
Operating System ◽  
Programming Languages ◽  
Knowledge Based Systems ◽  
Machine Code ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
High Level ◽  
Very High

AbstractIt is usually agreed that programming languages for implementing (other) programming languages, or ‘implementation languages’, should be simple low-level languages which are close to the machine code and to the operating system. In this paper it is argued that a very high level implementation language is a good idea, of particular importance for knowledge-based systems, and that Lisp (as a language and as a system) is very well suited to be a very high level implementation language. The significance of special-purpose programming languages is also discussed, and the requirements that they have for a very high level implementation language are considered.

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