Temporal separation between jaguar and puma in the dry forests of southern Bolivia

2010 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 303-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfredo Romero-Muñoz ◽  
Leonardo Maffei ◽  
Erika Cuéllar ◽  
Andrew J. Noss
Keyword(s):  
Prey Species ◽  
Puma Concolor ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Dry Forest ◽  
Potential Prey ◽  
Temporal Separation ◽  
Behavioural Factor ◽  
Dry Seasons ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Wet And Dry Seasons

Abstract:Despite the potential importance of temporal separation for the coexistence of competing species, no study has found significant segregation at the circadian level between jaguar (Panthera onca) and puma (Puma concolor) in sympatry. Using data from camera trap surveys (wet and dry seasons), we have evaluated the activity patterns of both species and their potential prey at four areas in the dry forest of the Bolivian Chaco. We tested if temporal separation existed between these two species, and if their activity was related to that of a particular prey. At most sites, activity patterns of jaguar and puma did not vary significantly between seasons, except for puma at one site. There were no differences between sexes for any cat species at any site. At three sites we found statistically significant differences in the activity patterns of jaguar and puma, as they showed a clear temporal segregation. None of them followed the activity patterns of any particular prey species across sites. The latter suggests that segregation is influenced by avoidance behaviour between the two felid species. Therefore, temporal separation may be an important behavioural factor promoting the coexistence of jaguar and puma in some areas of this dry forest.

scholarly journals Fruiting phenology and consumption by birds in Ficus calyptroceras (Miq.) Miq. (Moraceae)

2002 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 339-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. RAGUSA-NETTO
Keyword(s):  
Food Resource ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Dry Forest ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Frugivorous Birds ◽  
Fruiting Phenology ◽  
Dry Seasons ◽  
Seed Dispersers ◽  
Wet And Dry Seasons

Figs are a remarkable food resource to frugivores, mainly in periods of general fruit scarcity. Ficus calyptroceras Miq. (Moraceae) is the only fig species in a type of dry forest in western Brazil. In this study I examined the fruiting pattern as well as fig consumption by birds in F. calyptroceras. Although rainfall was highly seasonal, fruiting was aseasonal, since the monthly proportion of fruiting trees ranged from 4% to 14% (N = 50 trees). I recorded 22 bird species feeding on figs. In the wet season 20 bird species ate figs, while in the dry season 13 did. Parrots were the most important consumers. This group removed 72% and 40% of the figs consumed in the wet and dry seasons, respectively. No bird species increases fig consumption from dry to wet season. However, a group of bird species assumed as seed dispersers largely increases fig consumption from wet to dry season, suggesting the importance of this resource in the period of fruit scarcity. The results of this study points out the remarkable role that F. calyptroceras plays to frugivorous birds, in such a dry forest, since its fruits were widely consumed and were available all year round.

Seasonal variation of bat-flies (Diptera: Streblidae) in four bat species from a tropical dry forest

Mammalia ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valeria B. Salinas-Ramos ◽  
Alejandro Zaldívar-Riverón ◽  
Andrea Rebollo-Hernández ◽  
L. Gerardo Herrera-M
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Tropical Dry Forest ◽  
Dry Forest ◽  
Significant Information ◽  
Bat Flies ◽  
Host Parasite Interactions ◽  
Dry Seasons ◽  
Bat Fly ◽  
Host Parasite ◽  
Wet And Dry Seasons

AbstractSeasonality of climate promotes differences in abundance and species composition of parasites, affecting host-parasite interactions. Studies have reported seasonal variation in bat-flies, which are obligate bat ectoparasites. We characterized the bat-fly load of three insectivores [Pteronotus davyi(Gray),Pteronotus parnellii(Gray) andPteronotus personatus(Wagner)] and one nectarivorous [Leptonycteris yerbabuenae(Martínez and Villa-R.)] bat species in a tropical dry forest to test the existence of seasonality in response to the availability of resources during the wet and dry seasons. We collected 3710 bat-fly specimens belonging to six species and two genera from 497 bats. Most of the ectoparasite load parameters examined (mean abundance, mean intensity, richness, etc.), including comparisons among reproductive conditions and sex of the host, were similar in both seasons. Prevalence was the parameter that varied the most between seasons. The six bat-fly species were found in all bat species exceptP. personatus. The latter species andL. yerbabuenaehad four and five bat-fly species in the wet and dry seasons, respectively. This study provides significant information of ectoparasites ecology in relation to seasonality, contributes to the understanding of host-parasite relationships in tropical dry forests and discusses the relevance of the abiotic and biotic factors that could impact host-parasite interactions.

scholarly journals El jaguar Panthera onca (Carnivora: Felidae) en la Reserva de la Biosfera “El Cielo”, Tamaulipas, México

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rogelio Carrera-Treviño ◽  
Ivan Lira-Torres ◽  
Luis Martínez-García ◽  
Martha López-Hernández
Keyword(s):  
Puma Concolor ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Biosphere Reserve ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Didelphis Virginiana ◽  
Camera Trapping ◽  
Potential Prey ◽  
Panthera Onca ◽  
Local Residents ◽  
El Cielo Biosphere Reserve

Information on the ecology of jaguars (Panthera onca) in “El Cielo” Biosphere Reserve in Tamaulipas, Mexico is scant and limited to anecdotic records in a handful of publications. The objectives of our study were to: a) determine population density and structure of jaguars, b) compare their activity patterns with that of pumas (Puma concolor), c) ascertain potential prey relative abundance, and d) evaluate local resident’s perception on loss of domestic animals due to jaguar predation. Between April 2013 and April 2014 we conducted camera trapping in Gomez Farias Township with a total sampling effort of 8 580 camera trap days. Besides, we completed 136 semi-structured interviews among local residents of Gomez Farias and Llera Townships to gather information on domestic animal losses attributed to jaguars and other carnivores. We identified eight different jaguar individuals during a complete year of camera-trapping, composed of four adult females, one juvenile female, two adult males and one juvenile male. We estimated a jaguar density of 5.9 ± 1.3 jaguars/100 km². Activity patterns for jaguars and pumas were similar as both were nocturnal and crepuscular in nature. The most abundant potential prey species for jaguars in the study site were Crax rubra, Cuniculus paca, Mazama temama, Odocoileus virginianus and Didelphis virginiana; while the rarest were Mephitis macroura and Procyon lotor. Interview results suggested that chickens, dogs, and house cats were the most consumed domestic animals from all reported losses by local residents (n= 107). This study represents the first attempt to describe jaguar ecology in “El Cielo” Biosphere Reserve; however, there is a need of additional monitoring efforts to determine the current status of jaguars in a larger area in order to establish conservation strategies. Finally, this jaguar population may have an important role in maintaining the species in the Sierra Madre Oriental biological corridor connecting populations in Nuevo Leon and San Luis states in Northeastern Mexico.

scholarly journals Daily activity pattern of pumas (Puma concolor) and their potential prey in a tropical cloud forest of Colombia

2021 ◽  
pp. 267-278
Author(s):  
J. C. Cepeda–Duque ◽  
B. Gómez–Valencia ◽  
S. Alvarez ◽  
D. R. Gutiérrez–Sanabria ◽  
D. J. Lizcano
Keyword(s):  
Daily Activity ◽  
Puma Concolor ◽  
Population Control ◽  
Cloud Forest ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Species Conservation ◽  
Camera Traps ◽  
Foraging Efficiency ◽  
Potential Prey ◽  
Top Predators

Ecosystems in the northern Andes face unprecedented habitat loss. Pumas are the top predators in the region and exert key ecological functions, such as population control and resource facilitation. However, little is known about the temporal niche of the species or its effects on behaviour of prey in the tropics. We hypothesized that there is a link between the activity patterns of pumas and their prey in a cloud forest of the Central Andes of Colombia. We installed 61 camera traps to estimate the degree of overlap between the daily activity curves of pumas and seven potential prey species, using conditional kernel density functions. Pumas, armadillos, mountain pacas, and white–eared opossums were mainly nocturnal, with little crepuscular activity and high temporal overlap. Central American agouti, mountain coati, little red brocket deer, and Cauca guan displayed a predominantly diurnal activity and temporal partitioning with pumas. As opportunistic predators, pumas were able to maximize foraging efficiency by preying on the crepuscular and nocturnal species. Conservation of this highland predator will largely depend on the suitable management of its native prey.

scholarly journals Population Size, Activity Patterns, Diet, and Ranging Ecology of Boutourlini’s Blue Monkey (Cercopithecus mitis boutourlinii) in Apini and Dokuma Forests, Awi Zone, Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zemenu Birhan ◽  
Dessalegn Ejigu
Keyword(s):  
Population Size ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Cercopithecus Mitis ◽  
Mature Leaves ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
Dry Seasons ◽  
Blue Monkeys ◽  
Blue Monkey ◽  
Wet And Dry Seasons

Abstract Background: By studying population size, activity patterns, diet, and ranging ecology of Boutourolini’s blue monkey (Cercopithecus mitis boutourlinii) we can get sufficient information to conserve the subspecies in the area. Boutourlini’s blue monkey is endemic subspecies found in the western and northwestern parts of Ethiopia. The study was conducted in Apini and Dokuma forests, northwestern Ethiopia, from October 2018 to June 2019. The block count method was used to estimate its total population size and scan sampling method was used to collect data for activity patterns, and diet. The ranging ecology of the study subspecies was determined for each group based on the point to point movements of the group between consecutive GPS locations recorded. Results: On average a total of 71 and 111 individuals of Boutourolini’s blue monkey were counted in Apini and Dokuma forests, respectively. Boutourolini’s blue monkey spent 47.5% and 48.6% of time feeding, 20.2% and 18.6% moving, and 14.1% and 13.5% resting by the Apini and Dokuma groups, respectively. The Apini group frequently fed on young leaves (52.8%), fruits (30.2%), and mature leaves (6.6%), while the Dokuma group fed on young leaves (39.8%), fruit 942.3%), and mature leaves (8.3%). Ranging ecology of Boutourolini’s blue monkey was 44.4 ha and 78.3 ha for the Apini group, and 51 ha and 56.9 ha for the Dokuma group during the wet and dry seasons, respectively. Conclusions: The total population size of blue monkeys in the Apini and Dikuma forests counted were different. Activity budgets vary during the wet and dry seasons. During the entire study period blue monkeys consumed different food items from the two forests. The home range size of blue monkeys during the two seasons was different in both groups and they traveled long distance during the dry season. As the habitats of Boutourolini’s blue monkey in the present study area is degraded due to various anthropogenic activities, there is a need to design strategies to minimize conservation problems of the subspecies in the area.

scholarly journals Temporal activity of rural free-ranging dogs: implications for the predator and prey species in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest

NeoBiota ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 55-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Douglas Carvalho ◽  
Luís Miguel Rosalino ◽  
Maíra Sant’Ana M. Godoy ◽  
Marília F. Giorgete ◽  
Cristina Harumi Adania ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Prey Species ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Site Occupancy ◽  
Camera Trap ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Potential Prey ◽  
Large Predators ◽  
Free Ranging

Domestic or free-ranging dogs (Canislupusfamiliaris) can have deleterious effects on wildlife, acting as predators or competitors to native species. These impacts can be highly important in fragmented pristine habitats or well-preserved areas located in human dominated landscapes and where biodiversity values are usually high, such as those in southeastern Brazil. Here we explored the level of overlap or mismatch in the distributions of activity patterns of rural free-ranging dogs and potential wild prey (Didelphisaurita, Cuniculuspaca; Sylvilagusbrasiliensis) and a wild predator (Leoparduspardalis) in areas of Atlantic Forest in southeastern Brazil. We further explored the possible influence of the wild predator on the dog presence pattern detected in the territory analyzed. Our camera-trap data (714 camera-trap days) showed that while rural free-ranging dogs display a cathemeral activity pattern, with activity peaks at dusk and dawn, ocelot and prey species are mainly nocturnal. Moreover, we found no evidence of an effect of ocelot presence, the distance to human houses and the presence of native forests on site occupancy by dogs. The ocelot activity patterns in this study were similar to those already reported in previous studies. On the other hand, previous studies have indicated that that free-ranging dogs are often reported to be more diurnal, and it seems that the rural free-ranging dogs in our study area may have adjusted their behaviour to be more active at dawn and dusk periods. This might be to both maintain some overlap with potential prey, e.g. Sylvilagusbrasiliensis, and also to avoid ocelots by being less active in periods when this predator is more active (which also coincides with peaks in activity for potential prey species). We hypothesize that the presence of ocelots might be influencing the temporal niche dimension of rural free-ranging dogs. As a sustainable management strategy, we propose conserving territories to promote the presence of medium to large predators in natural areas, in order to control free-ranging dogs and protect their vertebrate prey species.

Activity patterns in a feline assemblage in south-west Mexico, and their relationship with prey species

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Alejandro Hernández-Sánchez ◽  
Antonio Santos-Moreno
Keyword(s):  
Prey Species ◽  
Puma Concolor ◽  
Cloud Forest ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Maximum Activity ◽  
Western Mexico ◽  
Tropical Environments ◽  
Temporal Segregation ◽  
West Mexico ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Several species of neotropical felines are morphologically and ecologically similar, and are sympatric along large areas of their distribution. This requires mechanisms to allow their coexistence, such as temporal segregation of their activities. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relation between activity patterns of felines and their prey using camera trapping data and their seasonal variation in two tropical environments in south-western Mexico. Excepting Puma concolor, activity patterns for each feline species did not differ significantly between seasons nor between vegetation types. Activity patterns did not differ significantly between species of similar size: mid-sized species had high activity pattern overlaps in the medium forest while large-sized species overlapped to a lesser extent in the cloud forest. Leopardus wiedii differed from large-sized predators in its activity patterns. We recorded a relatively high temporal overlap between felines and their main prey species, particularly in the periods of maximum activity. We found no evidence of temporal segregation between the felines of the Sierra Norte region of Oaxaca and we suggest their coexistence is mediated by the selection of prey with different activity patterns.

scholarly journals Time partitioning between jaguar Panthera onca, puma Puma concolor and ocelot Leopardus pardalis (Carnivora: Felidae) in Costa Rica’s dry and rainforests

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hansel Herrera ◽  
Elpis Joan Chávez ◽  
Luis Diego Alfaro ◽  
Todd Fuller ◽  
Victor Montalvo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Puma Concolor ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Panthera Onca ◽  
Activity Schedules ◽  
Temporal Separation ◽  
Leopardus Pardalis ◽  
Tropical Environments ◽  
Time Partitioning ◽  
Temporal Interactions ◽  
Temporal Overlap

Segregation of the daily activity patterns is considered and important mechanism facilitating the coexistance of competing species. Here, we evaluated if temporal separation existed among jaguar (Panthera onca), puma (Puma concolor) and ocelot (Leopardus pardalis) and if their activity patterns were related to that of a particular prey. We used camera trap records to estimate the activity schedules of these predators and their prey. We used the coefficient of overlapping (Δ; ranging from 0 to 1) to quantify the temporal interactions between predators and prey, and calculated confidence intervals from bootstrap samples. Strong temporal overlap occurred among the three felids (Δ = 0.63 - 0.82) in both dry and rainforests. However, a greater temporal separation was observed between the closest competitors (jaguar and puma, puma and ocelot). Jaguar and puma had a strong temporal overlap with medium and large-sized prey, while ocelots’ activity matched that of small-sized prey. High overlapping coefficients among the felids suggest that temporal segregation is not the main mechanism facilitating their coexistence in these areas. However, fine-scale or spatiotemporal differences in their activity patterns might contribute to their coexistence in tropical environments.

scholarly journals Foraging Ecology and Diurnal Activity Patterns of Klipspringer (Oreotragus oreotragus) in Yetefet Woyenat Forest, East Gojjam, Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Melaku Bireda ◽  
Mesele Yihune
Keyword(s):  
Foraging Ecology ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Visual Observation ◽  
Diurnal Activity ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Dry Seasons ◽  
Trees And Shrubs ◽  
Wet And Dry Seasons

The foraging ecology and diurnal activity patterns of the klipspringer (Oreotragus oreotragus) were studied in Yetefet Woyenat Forest from September 2017 to August 2018 during the dry and wet seasons. Data were collected by visual observation using focal and scan sampling methods. The result indicated that klipspringers were observed feeding on grasses, herbs, trees, and shrubs, but were primarily browsers during both wet and dry seasons. Carissa edulis was the most consumed plant species in the study area, followed by Rosa abyssinica and Maytenus arbutifolia. Despite moderate ambient temperatures, klipspringers were mostly active during early morning and late afternoon, feeding 45.56% of the daylight hours during the dry season and 43.75% during the wet season. Klipspringers were facing threats due to human activities in the study area. Thus, appropriate conservation measures should be taken to reduce disturbance of their ecology.

Activity patterns of jaguars and pumas and their relationship to those of their potential prey in the Brazilian Pantanal

Mammalia ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Grasiela Porfirio ◽  
Pedro Sarmento ◽  
Vania Foster ◽  
Carlos Fonseca
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Use ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Kernel Density ◽  
Camera Trapping ◽  
Potential Prey ◽  
American Continent ◽  
Temporal Separation ◽  
Brazilian Pantanal

AbstractJaguar and puma are the largest cats in the American continent. Competition between both species is expected due to similarities in diet and habitat use. The objective of this study was to test whether temporal separation exists between these two species and to analyze whether their activity patterns coincide with those of some of their potential prey. We used data from camera trapping to estimate activity patterns and measure the overlap between activity distributions using kernel density. The activity of jaguars and pumas overlapped extensively and followed those of some of their potential prey, suggesting a potential for competition.

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