Coarse woody debris stocks as a function of forest type and stand age in Costa Rican tropical dry forest: long-lasting legacies of previous land use

2010 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 467-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa B. Kissing ◽  
Jennifer S. Powers
Keyword(s):  
Coarse Woody Debris ◽  
Forest Type ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Tropical Dry Forest ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Dry Forest ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Dead Trees ◽  
Ecological Importance

The ecological importance of trees lasts much longer than their life spans. Standing dead trees (snags) and fallen trunks and branches are an important component of above-ground carbon stocks and nutrient reserves, provide habitat for wildlife, and interact with disturbance regimes (e.g. by serving as fuel for fires) (Clark et al. 2002, Harmon et al. 1986, Pyle et al. 2008). Despite these diverse functions, woody debris stocks remain poorly quantified in tropical forests in general (Brown 1997), and in tropical dry forests in particular (Harmon et al. 1995). More empirical studies of the patterns of woody debris and processes that control its dynamics are needed to understand its role in global biogeochemical cycles and for ecosystem simulation models, many of which do not represent coarse woody debris (CWD) as a separate pool (Cornwell et al. 2009).

scholarly journals The relationship between organic matter stocks in coarse woody debris and the stand phytomass in middle taiga pine forests on the European North-East Russia

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
А.Ф. Осипов ◽  
И.Н. Кутявин
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Forest Type ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Pine Forests ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
North East ◽  
European North ◽  
Dead Trees ◽  
Standing Dead ◽  
Standing Dead Trees

Приведены результаты исследований структуры и запасов крупных древес- ных остатков (КДО) в среднетаежных сосняках европейского Северо-Востока России, различающихся условиями произрастания и возрастом. К КДО относили сухостойные деревья, валеж и пни диаметром более 6 см. Определены запасы древесины и масса органического вещества в отдельных компонентах (сухостой, валеж, пни) КДО, которые зависят от стадии развития насаждения. Так, в перестойном сосняке черничном наблюдаются более высокие концентрации запасов древесины и органического вещества в гниющей древесине, тогда как в средне- возрастных насаждениях сосняков черничных и чернично-сфагновых более низ- кие. Во всех исследованных насаждениях отмечаются сухостойные деревья. Валеж, пни и сломанные на разной высоте деревья присутствуют в восьми насаждениях. Эти элементы КДО отсутствуют в средневозрастных сосновых древостоях черничного и чернично-сфагнового типа. Выявлено, что в валежнике преобладают деревья, древесина которых находится на начальных стадиях деструкции. По литературным данным представлены результаты исследований запа- сов органического вещества и их распределения по фракциям древостоя. Рассчи- тано соотношение между запасами растущих деревьев и КДО, которое варьирует в широких пределах в зависимости от возраста древостоев. Для оценки взаимо- связи между изучаемыми параметрами были использованы литературные дан- ные, содержащие сведения о массе КДО и древостоя для отдельных пробных площадей. Выявлена положительная (r = 0,57), статистически значимая взаимосвязь между изучаемыми параметрами. Полученные данные можно использовать для уточнения и выведения конверсионных коэффициентов, которые послужат для оценки массы КДО в лесных экосистемах крупных регионов. Structure and stocks of coarse woody debris (CWD) are investigated in the eleven pine forests on European North-East of Russia. Objects under study are differing on forest type and stage of developments. CWD included standing dead trees, fallen dead trees and stumps with a diameter of more than 6 cm. Wood volume and organic matter in separate components of CWD are determined. The mass of CWD depends from stand age. The highest concentrations observed in a overmature pine forest of Myrtillus type but the lowest – in middle-aged stands of Myrtillus and Sphagnosa type. Standing dead trees are noted in all investigated objects. Fallen dead trees and stumps are present in eight stands. These elements are absent in the middle-aged pine stands of Myrtillus and Sphagnosa type. The initial stages of wood destruction dominate in the fallen dead trees. Biomass of stands and it distribution on fractions were present on data that published earlier. The correlation between organic matter mass in CWD and biomass was calculated. It varied in vide range depend on stand age. Literature data were used for estimation relationship between parameters under study. These contained information about forest type, age, CWD mass and stand biomass for separate sample plots. We found positive, statistically significant correlation between CWD stocks and stand biomass. The obtained data can be used to refine and deduce conversion coefficients that will serve to estimate the mass of CWD in forest ecosystems of large regions.

scholarly journals Resources of dead wood in the municipal forests in Warsaw

2015 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 322-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konrad Skwarek ◽  
Szymon Bijak
Keyword(s):  
National Parks ◽  
Coarse Woody Debris ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Dead Wood ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Forest Site ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Dead Trees ◽  
Standing Dead ◽  
High Degree

Abstract Dead wood plays an important role for the biodiversity of forest ecosystems and influences their proper development. This study assessed the amount of coarse woody debris in municipal forests in Warsaw (central Poland). Based on the forest site type, dominant tree species and age class, we stratified all complexes of the Warsaw urban forests in order to allocate 55 sample plots. For these plots, we determined the volume of dead wood including standing dead trees, coarse woody debris and broken branches as well as uprooted trees. We calculated the amount of dead wood in the distinguished site-species-age layers and for individual complexes. The volume of dead matter in municipal forests in Warsaw amounted to 38,761 m3, i.e. 13.7 m3/ha. The obtained results correspond to the current regulations concerning the amount of dead organic matter to be left in forests. Only in the Las Bielański complex (northern Warsaw) volume of dead wood is comparable to the level observed in Polish national parks or nature reserves, which is still far lower than the values found for natural forests. In general, municipal forests in Warsaw stand out positively in terms of dead wood quantity and a high degree of variation in the forms and dimensions of dead wood.

scholarly journals Estimates of Down Woody Materials on Fort A.P. Hill, Virginia

2008 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason R. Applegate
Keyword(s):  
Coarse Woody Debris ◽  
Forest Inventory ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Forest Type ◽  
Wildland Fire ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Forest Cover Type ◽  
Cover Type ◽  
Forest Cover Types ◽  
Structure Class

Abstract An inventory of down woody materials (DWM) was conducted on Fort A.P. Hill, Virginia, to develop a baseline of DWM abundance and distribution to assist in wildland fire management. Estimates of DWM are necessary to develop accurate assessments of wildfire hazard, model wildland fire behavior, and establish thresholds for retaining DWM, specifically CWD (coarse woody debris), as a structural component of forest ecosystems. DWM were sampled by forest type and structure class using US Forest Service, Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) field procedures. DWM averaged 12–16 tn/ac depending on forest cover type and structure class. Coarse woody debris (CWD) averaged 2.7–13.0 tn/ac depending on forest cover type and structure class. CWD comprised more than 70% of DWM across all forest cover types and structure classes. Fine woody debris (FWD) averaged 0.05–3.2 tn/ac depending on fuel hour class, forest cover type, and structure class. DWM was consistently higher in mature (sawtimber) forests than in young (poletimber) forests across all forest cover types, attributed to an increased CWD component of DWM. The variability associated with DWM suggests that obtaining robust estimates of CWD biomass will require a higher sampling intensity than FWD because of its nonuniform distribution in forest systems. FIA field procedures for tallying and quantifying DWM were practical, efficient, and, subsequently, included as permanent metrics in Fort A.P. Hill's Continuous Forest Inventory program.

Suillus tomentosus tuberculate ectomycorrhizal abundance and distribution in Pinus contorta woody debris

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 460-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie R Paul ◽  
Bill K Chapman ◽  
Christopher P Chanway
Keyword(s):  
Coarse Woody Debris ◽  
Forest Floor ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Soil Characteristics ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Nitrogen Economy ◽  
Basaltic Soils ◽  
Abundance And Distribution

Tuberculate ectomycorrhizae (TEM) have been observed in decaying coarse woody debris (CWD) and may play a role in the nitrogen economy of forests. This study evaluates the occurrence of Suillus tomentosus (Kauff.) Singer, Snell and Dick TEM within CWD in Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. var. latifolia Engelm. stands and relates their occurrence to CWD and soil characteristics as well as stand age. TEM were more abundant in the basal end of CWD incorporated in the forest floor than in the middle and top portions. Tubercle abundance was positively correlated with moisture and texture of CWD, degree of incorporation of CWD into the forest floor, and the amount of roots within CWD. There were significantly more TEM in CWD in young stands than in old stands and on sites with granitic soils than on sites with basaltic soils. Highly degraded CWD that is well incorporated in the forest floor appears to be an important microhabitat for the formation and occurrence of TEM.

Detrital carbon pools in temperate forests: magnitude and potential for landscape-scale assessment

2009 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 802-813 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Bradford ◽  
Peter Weishampel ◽  
Marie-Louise Smith ◽  
Randall Kolka ◽  
Richard A. Birdsey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Storage ◽  
Forest Floor ◽  
Forest Type ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Partial Solution ◽  
Carbon Accounting ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Carbon Pools ◽  
Aboveground Carbon ◽  
Detrital Carbon

Reliably estimating carbon storage and cycling in detrital biomass is an obstacle to carbon accounting. We examined carbon pools and fluxes in three small temperate forest landscapes to assess the magnitude of carbon stored in detrital biomass and determine whether detrital carbon storage is related to stand structural properties (leaf area, aboveground biomass, primary production) that can be estimated by remote sensing. We characterized these relationships with and without forest age as an additional predictive variable. Results depended on forest type. Carbon in dead woody debris was substantial at all sites, accounting for ∼17% of aboveground carbon, whereas carbon in forest floor was substantial in the subalpine Rocky Mountains (36% of aboveground carbon) and less important in northern hardwoods of New England and mixed forests of the upper Midwest (∼7%). Relationships to aboveground characteristics accounted for between 38% and 59% of the variability in carbon stored in forest floor and between 21% and 71% of the variability in carbon stored in dead woody material, indicating substantial differences among sites. Relating dead woody debris or forest floor carbon to other aboveground characteristics and (or) stand age may, in some forest types, provide a partial solution to the challenge of assessing fine-scale variability.

Influence of landscape structure and stand age on species density and biomass of a tropical dry forest across spatial scales

2010 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 355-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Luis Hernández-Stefanoni ◽  
Juan Manuel Dupuy ◽  
Fernando Tun-Dzul ◽  
Filogonio May-Pat
Keyword(s):  
Landscape Structure ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Tropical Dry Forest ◽  
Dry Forest ◽  
Species Density ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Density And Biomass

scholarly journals The Effects of a Western Spruce Budworm Outbreak on the Dead Wood Component in Relation to Ownership in Forests of Eastern Oregon

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 176-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Azuma
Keyword(s):  
Coarse Woody Debris ◽  
Dead Wood ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Western Spruce Budworm ◽  
Wood Component ◽  
Dead Trees ◽  
Standing Dead ◽  
Standing Dead Trees ◽  
The Dead

Abstract Forest Inventory and Analysis data were used to investigate the effects of a severe western spruce budworm outbreak on the dead wood component of forests in 11 counties of eastern Oregon for two time periods. The ownership and the level of damage (as assessed by aerial surveys) affected the resulting down woody material and standing dead trees. The pattern of coarse woody debris with respect to ownership and management intensity remained consistent into the next 10-year period. Harvesting tended to lower the amount of coarse woody debris on private forests. Federally managed forests had more standing dead trees than private lands, with more in the reserved than nonreserved areas. There was a reduction in the number of standing dead trees between the two periods.

scholarly journals The importance of coarse woody debris in dynamic phases exposure in the beech (Fagus orientalis L.) stands of Hyrcanian forests

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (No. 10) ◽  
pp. 408-422
Author(s):  
Vahid Etemad ◽  
Mohsen Javanmiri pour ◽  
Zeinab Foladi
Keyword(s):  
Coarse Woody Debris ◽  
Dead Wood ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Average Frequency ◽  
Permanent Plots ◽  
Evolutionary Stage ◽  
Gap Formation ◽  
Dead Trees ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Natural Stands

In a natural forest, phases of different dynamics are gradually replaced to create sustainability in the stands. Coarse woody debris is among the most significant structural elements of natural stands that perform an influential position in the identification of dynamic phases. Therefore, the focus of this study is on dead wood conditioning as one of the major structural components in determining the various dynamic phases in the northern forests of Iran as part of the temperate forests. For this study, compartment 326 of Gorazbon District was considered as one of the control parcels of Kheyroud Forest. In this parcel, 25 one-hectare sample plots were selected as permanent plots for a long-term forest structure and succession studies. The coarse woody debris by 100% sampling method was measured. The results showed that there are 8 main phases in this area (gap formation, understorey initiation, stem exclusion, volume accumulation, volume degradation, multiple, lighting, old-growth). The extensive forest area (52%) is located in the understorey initiation and stem exclusion phases. The results also showed that the total average volume of snags and logs was 41.5 m<sup>3</sup>·ha<sup>–1</sup>. Furthermore, the mean dead wood volume in decay classes 1, 2, 3 and 4 was 10.33, 12.22, 9.15 and 83.9 m<sup>3</sup>·ha<sup>–1</sup>, respectively. The average frequency of dead trees in the diameter classes smaller than 25 cm, 25–50 cm and in the diameter class more than 50 cm is 25.79, 6.93, and 4.88. The significance analysis results obtained by ANOVA test showed that there is a significant difference between volume, snag and log stock and the shape of dead wood in various dynamic phases. Therefore, in general, dead wood in the forest differs according to habitat, evolutionary stage (dynamic phases), standing volume and species diversity of the tree species.

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