The Justinianic plague: origins and effects

2002 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
PETER SARRIS
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Sixth Century ◽  
African Origin ◽  
Bubonic Plague ◽  
Mediterranean World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Mediterranean

This article addresses the subject of the first well-attested outbreak of bubonic plague in the history of the Mediterranean world – the so-called ‘Justinianic Plague’ of the sixth century. The African origin of the disease is examined and contextualized, whilst recent revisionist arguments in relation to the scale of the depopulation caused by the plague are responded to with reference to the numismatic, legal, and papyrological sources. The numismatic evidence in particular points to a major crisis in imperial finances for which large-scale depopulation would be the most likely cause. The legal and papyrological sources record how both landowners and the imperial authorities responded to this situation.

scholarly journals The Justinianic Plague’s Origins and Consequences

2021 ◽  
pp. 45-47
Author(s):  
Georgiana Bianca Constantin ◽  
Ionuţ Căluian
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
Sixth Century ◽  
Bubonic Plague ◽  
Mediterranean World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mediterranean

The bubonic plague is an extremely old disease (apparentely from the late Neolitic era). The so-called “Justinianic plague” of the sixth century was the first well-attested outbreak of bubonic plague in the history of the Mediterranean world. It was thought that the Justinianic Plague, along with barbarian invasions, contributed directly to the so-called “Fall of the Roman Empire.”

Hagiography, Historiography, and Identity in Sixth-Century Gaul

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamar Rotman
Keyword(s):  
Identity Crisis ◽  
Religious History ◽  
Sixth Century ◽  
Christian Identity ◽  
Ecclesiastical History ◽  
Historical Perspectives ◽  
Roman World ◽  
Mediterranean World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mediterranean

Gregory of Tours, the sixth-century Merovingian bishop, composed extensive historiographical and hagiographical corpora during the twenty years of his episcopacy in Tours. These works serve as important sources for the cultural, social, political and religious history of Merovingian Gaul. This book focuses on Gregory’s hagiographical collections, especially the Glory of the Martyrs, Glory of the Confessors, and Life of the Fathers, which contain accounts of saints and their miracles from across the Mediterranean world. It analyses these accounts from literary and historical perspectives, examining them through the lens of relations between the Merovingians and their Mediterranean counterparts, and contextualizing them within the identity crisis that followed the disintegration of the Roman world. This approach leads to groundbreaking conclusions about Gregory’s hagiographies, which this study argues were designed as an “ecclesiastical history” (of the Merovingian Church) that enabled him to craft a specific Gallo-Christian identity for his audience.

Introduction

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Davis-Secord
Keyword(s):  
Twelfth Century ◽  
Sixth Century ◽  
Byzantine Empire ◽  
Islamic World ◽  
Mediterranean World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Intellectual Networks

This book examines Sicily's place within the religious, diplomatic, military, commercial, and intellectual networks of the Mediterranean world. It traces the history of Sicily, from the sixth-century incorporation of the island into the Byzantine empire, through the period of Muslim rule (827–1061), until the end of Norman rule there in the late twelfth century. In particular, it investigates how Sicily moved from the Latin Christian world into the Greek Christian one, then into the Islamicate civilization, and then back into Latin Christendom. In order to understand Sicily's role(s) within the broader Mediterranean system of the sixth through twelfth centuries, the book explores patterns of travel and communication between Sicily and elsewhere—between Constantinople and Rome, between Byzantium and the Islamic world. Finally, it describes Sicily in the dār al-Islām.

Hagiography, Historiography, and Identity in Sixth-Century Gaul

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamar Rotman
Keyword(s):  
Identity Crisis ◽  
Religious History ◽  
Sixth Century ◽  
Christian Identity ◽  
Ecclesiastical History ◽  
Historical Perspectives ◽  
Roman World ◽  
Mediterranean World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mediterranean

Gregory of Tours, the sixth-century Merovingian bishop, composed extensive historiographical and hagiographical corpora during the twenty years of his episcopacy in Tours. These works serve as important sources for the cultural, social, political and religious history of Merovingian Gaul. This book focuses on Gregory's hagiographical collections, especially the <i>Glory of the Martyrs, Glory of the Confessors, and Life of the Fathers</i>, which contain accounts of saints and their miracles from across the Mediterranean world. It analyses these accounts from literary and historical perspectives, examining them through the lens of relations between the Merovingians and their Mediterranean counterparts, and contextualizing them within the identity crisis that followed the disintegration of the Roman world. This approach leads to groundbreaking conclusions about Gregory's hagiographies, which this study argues were designed as an 'ecclesiastical history' (of the Merovingian Church) that enabled him to craft a specific Gallo-Christian identity for his audience.

Introduction

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
Graham Shipley
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Atlantic Coast ◽  
Sixth Century ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mediterranean

The treatise known as the Periplous of Pseudo-Skylax survives on 44 pages of a 700-year-old codex in the Bibliothèque Nationale in Paris. The manuscript as a whole comprises a set of geographical texts assembled by Markianos of Herakleia, probably in the sixth century AD. The work describes the coasts of the Mediterranean and Black Sea, beginning at Gibraltar and proceeding clockwise to return to the same place (and a little way down the Atlantic coast of Africa). We do not know the original name of the work. The introduction examines the history of the manuscript, difficulties of interpretation, and what is known about the author. It addresses date, the debate around the measurements used in the text and what its purpose may have been. Finally it discusses what sort of geography the text offers, its literary features, influences and legacy.

General Relativity and Cosmology

2020 ◽  
pp. 227-360
Author(s):  
P. J. E. Peebles
Keyword(s):  
Constant Velocity ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Reference Frames ◽  
Physical Sciences ◽  
Inertial Frames ◽  
Moving Body ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Freely Moving ◽  
The Universe

This chapter discusses the development of physical sciences in seemingly chaotic ways, by paths that are at best dimly seen at the time. It refers to the history of ideas as an important part of any science, and particularly worth examining in cosmology, where the subject has evolved over several generations. It also examines the puzzle of inertia, which traces the connection to Albert Einstein's bold idea that the universe is homogeneous in the large-scale average called “cosmological principle.” The chapter cites Newtonian mechanics that defines a set of preferred motions in space, the inertial reference frames, by the condition that a freely moving body has a constant velocity. It talks about Ernst Mach, who argued that inertial frames are determined relative to the motion of the rest of the matter in the universe.

The Eclipse

2019 ◽  
pp. 107-130
Author(s):  
Samy Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Gaza Strip ◽  
Peace Movement ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
War And Peace ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
The Face ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Gaza Strip

2006-2010: during these four decisive years in the history of the peace movement, the movement experienced a dramatic eclipse. Within an Israeli society that had grown increasingly nationalist, more attached to symbols of Jewish identity and the memory of the Holocaust, more concerned than ever about security, and less interested in making peace with the Palestinians, the movement was incapable both of promoting a message of peace and taking a stance on the subject of human rights. It seemed apathetic, paralyzed, almost non-existent in the face of the terrible events that marked the period. This chapter shows how and why this eclipse occurred. These years were punctuated by two large-scale military operations, the war in Lebanon in July 2006 and Operation Cast Lead in the Gaza Strip from late 2008 to early 2009. These hostilities caused turmoil in the Israeli collective psychology and the perception of war and peace.

Early Christian Mosaics in Context

2019 ◽  
pp. 274-295
Author(s):  
Karen C. Britt
Keyword(s):  
Short Discussion ◽  
Regional Approach ◽  
Early Christian ◽  
Mediterranean World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Local Traditions ◽  
Universal Themes ◽  
Selection Of

This chapter provides an introduction to early Christian mosaics that emphasizes the important role played by archaeology in improving our understanding of their geographical and architectural contexts. After a short discussion of the position of early Christian mosaics in the history of the medium, a brief review of the most productive methodologies used in research on mosaics is undertaken, followed by a survey of mosaic technology that includes the workshops and artists involved in mosaic production. In the rest of the chapter, a selection of mosaics in churches, martyria, chapels, and Christian mausolea located in various parts of the Mediterranean world is examined. The evidence from archaeology demonstrates that although early Christian mosaics share universal themes, the diversity reflected in their iconography and the presence of secondary themes rooted in local traditions necessitate a regional approach to their interpretation.

MOLLY GREENE, A Shared World: Christians and Muslims in the Early Modern Mediterranean (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 2000). Pp. 228.

2003 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 644-645
Author(s):  
ROBERT FINLAY
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Multiple Identities ◽  
Princeton University ◽  
Historical Continuity ◽  
Mediterranean World ◽  
Hybrid Solutions ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Imperial Governance ◽  
Dividing Line

In 1669, after twenty-four years of devastating war, Venice surrendered the island of Crete to the Ottoman Turks. As a Venetian commander described it, Crete was “the most beautiful crown to adorn the head of the Most Serene Republic” (p. 4). It was a grievous loss for Venice, which did not resign itself to the loss of its beautiful crown for another fifty years, until the end of the last Ottoman–Venetian war in 1718. The period of early Ottoman rule between 1669 and 1718 is the subject of Molly Greene's excellent study. Her emphasis throughout is on multiple identities, mixed narratives, hybrid solutions, cross-cutting allegiances, and historical continuity. Along with historians such as Leslie Pierce and Jane Hathaway, she rejects the model of Ottoman decline, styling it a “meat-grinder” (p. 20) of a thesis that focuses on a weak sultanate and ignores both the complexity and vitality of Ottoman imperial governance. She also rejects the notion that the transition from Venetian to Ottoman control in Crete marked a sharp dividing line, an event that helped wring the ambiguity out of the Mediterranean world (p. 5).

scholarly journals A Földközi-tengeri Szövetséges Légierõ1 Magyarországra vonatkozó felderítése, valamint a szövetséges légitámadások általános fotókiértékelése a II. világháború idején

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 146-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
András Pál Oláh
Keyword(s):  
Air Force ◽  
Turning Point ◽  
World War ◽  
World War 2 ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Mediterranean

The research of Allied Air Forces’ air raids on Hungary during World War 2 has come to a turning point. Hungarian historians have been content with roughly documenting the events; the thorough research of the background together with the motives for the attacks are yet to be explored. In my study I examined the Mediterranean Allied Air Force’s practice of photographic reconnaissance, intelligence and photographic interpretation, using the related documents and files. The Intelligence files of the Mediterranean Allied Air Force are major sources of the history of Allied air raids on Hungary in World War 2, and I pointed out that the complete research of the data on the subject by examining every piece of document available would lead to a more accurate understanding of the events. In addition to emphasizing the importance of the vast amont of data and documents on the subject, my intention was to provide reference to further research.

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