The late medieval and early modern Hanse as an institution of conflict management

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
JUSTYNA WUBS-MROZEWICZ
Keyword(s):  
Conflict Management ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Institutional Economics ◽  
Institutional Development ◽  
New Institutional Economics ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
The Core ◽  
Internal Conflicts ◽  
History Of

ABSTRACTEver since research on the Hanse began in the nineteenth century, there have been repeated efforts to redefine the boundaries and the core of the phenomenon. Views of the Hanse have evolved, and it has been seen by turns as a profoundly German league of towns, and as a network or organisation of towns and traders that was present in commercial centres and harbours from Novgorod to Portugal, and from Norway to Italy. In more general discussions on the institutional development of commerce in Europe, many of them influenced by the New Institutional Economics, the Hanse has even appeared as a mega-guild. The revival of the field of institutional economics and the history of commerce in pre-modern Europe has recently spawned a reappraisal of Hanseatic sources. The present article contributes to this debate by arguing that from the perspective of conflict management, the late medieval and early modern Hanse was an institution. There were several institutional mechanisms, such as a strong preference for mediation and arbitration in conflicts between individuals, as well as a mediation strategy for internal conflicts between towns. All of these mechanisms combined in a multifaceted institution of conflict management, which represented the added value of Hanse membership for traders, and for their towns.

Political Settlements and Economic Transformation

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hazel Gray
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Economics ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Economic Transformation ◽  
New Institutional Economics ◽  
Technological Learning ◽  
The Core ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Political Settlement

This chapter sets out the analytical framework of political settlements and elaborates the framework to account for the socialist experiences of Tanzania and Vietnam in the 1960s and 1970s. A political settlement, as defined by Mushtaq Khan, is a combination of power and institutions that is mutually compatible and also sustainable in terms of economic and political viability. The chapter clarifies the core building blocks of the approach and sets out the main differences between political settlements and new institutional economics. The chapter then defines a socialist political settlement where productive rights are formally held by the collective and formal institutions protect common and collectively owned assets. The attempts to construct a socialist political settlement left important institutional, political, and economic legacies. These shaped incentives and constraints which influenced a number of critical processes at the heart of economic development—related to technological learning, accumulation for investment, and political stabilization.

scholarly journals Jesuit Sanctity: Hypothesizing the Continuity of a Hagiographic Narrative of the Modern Age

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Franco Motta ◽  
Eleonora Rai
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Society Of Jesus ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Medieval Period ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
Late Medieval Period ◽  
Modern Age ◽  
Political Implications ◽  
History Of

Abstract The introduction to this special issue provides some considerations on early modern sanctity as a historical object. It firstly presents the major shifts in the developing idea of sanctity between the late medieval period and the nineteenth century, passing through the early modern construction of sanctity and its cultural, social, and political implications. Secondly, it provides an overview of the main sources that allow historians to retrace early modern sanctity, especially canonization records and hagiographies. Thirdly, it offers an overview of the ingenious role of the Society of Jesus in the construction of early modern sanctity, by highlighting its ability to employ, create, and play with hagiographical models. The main Jesuit models of sanctity are then presented (i.e., the theologian, the missionary, the martyr, the living saint), and an important reflection is reserved for the specific martyrial character of Jesuit sanctity. The introduction assesses the continuity of the Jesuit hagiographical discourse throughout the long history of the order, from the origins to the suppression and restoration.

scholarly journals Institutional Economics: Then and Now

2001 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 173-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malcolm Rutherford
Keyword(s):  
Political Science ◽  
Institutional Economics ◽  
New Institutionalism ◽  
New Institutional Economics ◽  
Significant Element ◽  
History Of

This article gives a history of American institutionalism, and a brief comparison with the more recent “new” institutional economics. Institutionalism was a significant element in American economics between the Wars, but declined rapidly thereafter. The article outlines the movement's initial appeal, its contributions, and the reasons for its decline. Although the “new” institutionalism has few direct ties to the older tradition, some interesting commonalities are found and discussed. Links to the “new institutionalism” in sociology and political science, and to historical work on other “institutional” traditions are also mentioned.

Idleness

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Kearney
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Fourteenth Century ◽  
Early Modern England ◽  
Vantage Point ◽  
History Of Ideas ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
Human Labor ◽  
History Of ◽  
Christian Thought

This essay examines the role that the specter of idleness played in the ongoing transformation of labor in England during the late medieval and early modern periods. It begins by tracing an historical shift in Christian conceptions of labor through a knotty genealogy of ideas about labor and idleness that extends from the fourteenth to the seventeenth centuries. The essay then turns to an early sixteenth-century text that is not often considered in either medieval or early modern histories of Christian thought about labor: Thomas More’sUtopia(1516). The essay contends thatUtopiais fundamentally shaped by More’s meditation on labor and idleness and that that meditation opens the utopian text out toward a vexed history of ideas concerning human work that extends forward from the fourteenth century. With its idiosyncratic but historically resonant meditation on human labor, More’sUtopiarepresents a particularly useful vantage point from which to address the ongoing transformation of Christian conceptions of work in late medieval and early modern England.

Even If It's Not True It's True: Using Unreliable Hadīths in Sunni Islam

2011 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Brown
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Ninth Century ◽  
Social Morality ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Core ◽  
Islamic Thought ◽  
History Of ◽  
Core Areas ◽  
Sunni Islam

AbstractSunni Islam is at heart a cult of authenticity, with the science of Hadīth criticism functioning as a centerpiece designed to distinguish authentic attributions to the Prophet from forgeries. It is thus surprising that even after Hadīth scholars had sifted sound Hadīths from weak, mainstream Sunni Islam allowed the use of unreliable Hadīths as evidence in subjects considered outside of the core areas of law. This majority stance, however, did not displace minority schools of thought that saw the use of unreliable Hadīths as both a danger to social morality and contrary to the stated values of Islamic thought. This more stringent position has burgeoned in the early modern and modern periods, when eliminating the use of weak Hadīths has become a common call of both Salafi revivalists and Islamic modernists. This article explores and traces the history of the various Sunni schools of thought on the use of weak and forged Hadīths from the third/ninth century to the present day.

Jewels for Gentlewomen: Religious Books as Artefacts in Late Medieval and Early Modern England

2004 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 123-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Walsham
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Early Modern England ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
Religious Books ◽  
History Of ◽  
Prayer Books

Historians tend to approach books primarily as vehicles for ideas, sources for the thought of the individuals and groups who wrote and read the words on the pages inside. They rarely pause to consider their significance as physical artefacts and items of material culture. This paper brings the format, appearance, and practical function of Bibles, prayer books, and other small devotional works to the very centre of our attention. It suggests that close scrutiny of the diminutive size and artistically crafted covers of some of the copies that survive yields fresh insights into the shape and texture of piety in late medieval and early modern England. The following investigation is heavily indebted to the findings of researchers in the specialized field of the history of bookbinding, a field once light-heartedly described as ‘a humble auxiliary discipline … not entirely useless and undoubtedly innocuous’. Yet, as we shall see, situated against the backdrop of developments in Tudor and Stuart embroidery and jewellery, domestic furnishing and female fashion, decorated bookbindings provide us with a unique and interesting reflection of the values and preoccupations of pre- and post-Reformation society.

scholarly journals Coexistence of Cooperative Models as Structural Answer to Lock-Ins in Diversification Pathways: The Case of the Walloon Dairy Sector

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Véronique De Herde ◽  
Philippe V. Baret ◽  
Kevin Maréchal
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Economics ◽  
Transition Process ◽  
New Institutional Economics ◽  
Product Diversification ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Economic Agents ◽  
Dairy Cooperatives ◽  
The One ◽  
Hybrid Actors ◽  
Cooperative Models

Drawing on an analysis of the Walloon dairy sector, this paper aims at bringing novel insights on the coexistence issue in agrifood transition studies. Whereas most studies explore the coexistence of farm models, our study focuses on value chains, in particular on cooperatives. In the Walloon Region, new dairy cooperatives emerged, as substitute or as complement to the incumbent vertically integrated dairy cooperatives. This paper focuses on the coexistence of dairy cooperative models as enabler of transition toward product diversification. Dairy cooperatives are hybrid actors: economic agents on the market on the one hand, structure of collective agency on the other hand. Williamson's framework of New Institutional Economics acknowledges that the allocation of resources by cooperatives depends on governance processes and on the wider institutional context in which the cooperatives evolve. Within the broader frame of the Multi-Level Perspective, this approach allows to consider the socio-technical coherence in which the cooperatives evolve, the effects of this coherence on their pathways of development, and the complementarity of the cooperative models. This qualitative analysis builds on semi-directed interviews with actors of the Walloon dairy sector. The results outline distinctions between the new cooperative models and mainstream dairy cooperatives in market approach, definition of milk quality, distribution of added value, governance, and interactions with partners. Both models evolve within a distinct socio-technical coherence, holding, in the case of the mainstream dairy cooperatives, lock-ins to diversification related to the relationship with the farmer-members and the milk they produce in the industrial vertically integrated model. The new cooperative models circumvent these lock-ins through de-integration and externalization of initiatives, remuneration, and risk. They allow specific groups of actors—still related or unrelated to the mainstream dairy cooperative—to explore new market pathways in accordance with their potential, and to mutually agree on criteria qualifying milk. This research draws the picture of a possible reconfiguration of the dairy landscape toward a more diversified ecosystem of actors and invites to consider structures of governance in collective action as a cornerstone issue, because of their significant role in terms of enablement, coexistence, and complementarity throughout the transition process.

scholarly journals Improved Water Services Cooperation through Clarification of Rules and Roles

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2172
Author(s):  
Laura M. Inha ◽  
Tapio S. Katko ◽  
Riikka P. Rajala
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Economics ◽  
Water Governance ◽  
Institutional Development ◽  
Nobel Laureate ◽  
New Institutional Economics ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Water Services ◽  
Institutional Diversity ◽  
Governance System ◽  
Water Utility

Water services face global challenges, many of which are institutional by nature. While technical solutions may suit several situations, institutional frameworks are likely to vary more. On the basis of constructive research approach and new institutional economics we analyze and illustrate water services and the roles of various water sector actors in Finnish water utility setting using the “soccer analogy” by the Nobel Laureate D.C. North: Institutions are the “formal and informal rules of the game” while organizations are the “players”. Additionally, we assess the Finnish water governance system and discuss issues of scale and fragmentation and distinguish terms water provision and production. Finally, we elaborate the limitations of the soccer analogy to water services through ownership of the systems. According to the soccer analogy, inclusive institutional development requires skillful players (competent staff), team play (collaboration), proper coaching (education), supporters (citizens, media), managers (policymakers), and referees (authorities). We argue that institutional diversity and player/stakeholder collaboration are the foundation for enhancing good multi-level water governance, and that water management, although fragmented, should be seen as a connector of different sectors. For successful outcomes, scientific results should be communicated to public in more common language.

Governance in der Waldwirtschaft | Governance in forest economy

2003 ◽  
Vol 154 (2) ◽  
pp. 42-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Hostettler
Keyword(s):  
Transaction Costs ◽  
Basic Concept ◽  
Institutional Economics ◽  
New Institutional Economics ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Governance Structures

The Swiss forest economy has been trying for many years to improve logistics in the chain of the added value of wood. This work addresses necessary reforms to the system within the context of new institutional economics. The basic concept is explained, transaction costs of markets and hierarchies are presented systematically and the forms of governance structures outlined. The example of Swiss forest economy shows that fruitful points of departure can be developed aimed at reforming the vertical and horizontal relations between enterprises, as well as internal questions of governance. A pre-condition to achieve more efficient governance in forest economy is the reduction of restrictive institutions, whether formal or informal.

Constitutional Traditions, Institutions, Behavioral Prerequisites and Well-being of Countries

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-49
Author(s):  
Hayk Sargsyan ◽  
Ruben Gevorgyan
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Economics ◽  
Institutional Development ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Econometric Analysis ◽  
New Institutional Economics ◽  
Constitutional Culture ◽  
Main Factors

Well-being of countries depend on several factors. According to new institutional economics one of the main factors of national well-being is the level of institutional development. Drawing on econometric analysis, we prove this hypothesis and show that such indicators as constitutional culture, behavioral prerequisites and perception of institutions are indispensable for the well-being of a country. The paper presents various approaches to "measuring" these indicators and issues related to this.

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