Where Doves Lie

During recent excavations in the Dendara necropolis, skeletal evidence for at least eight complete turtle doves (Columbidae) was discovered in the burial chamber of a Dynasty 4 tomb. A large number of disarticulated tiny bird bones was found scattered beneath and around a broken Meydum-bowl, buried deep within piles of rubble. Zooarchaeological analysis indicated that at least eight birds had originally been buried. The fact that they were complete and found in a burial chamber in association with a Meydum-bowl suggested they were part of a funerary offering. The depiction of multiple bird species used as funerary offerings in the Old Kingdom tombs at Saqqara and Giza is well documented, indicating that birds were a significant element of the list of funerary offerings. Often the different species of birds were named in the tomb scenes, and frequently pigeons and doves were included. However, very little skeletal evidence exists in the archaeological record to support the theory that pigeons and doves were regularly used as funerary offerings. Therefore, the skeletal remains of eight complete turtle doves in conjunction with a Meydum-bowl found deep within a burial chamber of a provincial tomb adds impetus to the argument that not only they were a very desired component of Old Kingdom funerary offerings in the tombs of the important Saqqara and Giza necropolises, but also in the tombs of provincial officials.

Lessons for Humanities and Arts in Gerontology and Geriatrics Curricula From the Medical and Health Humanities

The role of Humanities, Arts and Cultural Gerontology in gerontology and geriatrics curricula finds a metaphor in the rapidly evolving field of medical and health humanities, with which this author has been involved for three decades. Behind the call for increasing humanities and arts scholarship in the pedagogy of both fields lies the challenge of establishing an interdisciplinary nexus of scholarship that avoids the challenges of dilettantism and gestures such as providing lists of novels and movies. This presentation draws on the presenter's bibliometric research in the medical and health humanities which indicates authorship in the majority to be either solely from the humanities or from healthcare, with little indication of joint working in either authorship or acknowledgements (the scholar's courtesy), and explores the background issues of academic culture with a view to proposing solutions to elevate the inclusion of humanities and arts as a significant element of gerontology education.

Ruch niepodległościowy w Katalonii i jego znaczenie dla Katalończyków w drugiej dekadzie XXI wieku

Independence Movement in Catalonia and Its Significance for Catalans in the Second Decade of the 21st Century The paper focuses on the issues of the independence movement in Catalonia in the second decade of the 21st century. The aim of this study is to explore the evolution of Catalonia’s separatist aspirations in this period in terms of politics and especially society, and thus the position of Catalans towards this phenomenon. A significant element of the author’s considerations is the demonstration and analysis of the specificity and factors determining contemporary Catalan separatism, as well as concerning the context of perceiving Catalans as a nation. The independence process in the second decade of the 21st century, including treatment of events such as the judgment of the Spanish Constitutional Court in 2010, the independence referendum in 2017, or the trial and judgment of Catalan politicians in 2019, taken into account by the author, hold considerable importance for this work. The key part of the paper is to present the issues of the independence movement in the discussed period in terms of society; its emerging role in the Catalan society, and the impact of the activities and actions of Catalans themselves on the politics and development of the region’s separatist aspirations.

Types and Functions of Repetition in the Works of Howard Phillips Lovecraft

Introduction. Issues of the author’s writing style, means and methods of constructing an individual author’s artistic picture of the world have always been in the focus of attention of researchers. The object of this paper is H. P. Lovecraft’s stories, which are part of horror literature. The subject of the paper is repetition, which plays a special role in a literary text as a means of artistic expression. Conducting research is relevant for several reasons, like interest in the consideration of the functional aspects of the literary text as a whole, or to H. P. Lovecraft’s works in particular, as the horror genre of literature is one of the most popular in modern society. The purpose of this study is to identify the most productive types of repetitions and their pragmatic functions in the H. P. Lovecraft’s stories.Methodology and sources. General methods of this research are functional analysis of repetitions, supplemented by the quantitative method. Repetitions used in the stories are separated and analyzed based on their following functions: pragmatic focus, emotivity and rhythmization. The material of the study was the following works of the author: “Dagon”, “Beyond the Wall of Sleep’”, “The Music of Erich Zann”, “The Other Gods”, “The Hound”, “The Rats in the Walls”, “The Call of Cthulhu”, “The Descendant”, “The Dunwich Horror”.Results and discussion. Repetition is a significant element of H.P. Lovecraft’s writing style. In the analyzed works, repetitions are presented in various types: simple verbatim repetitions (contact and remote), anadiplosis, epanalepsis, synonymous, syntactic (lexical and syntactic parallelism). Lexico-semantic analysis of repetitions showed that the most frequent units in H.P. Lovecraft’s stories are such lexemes as “old” (125), “night” (95), “great” (85), “strange” (62), “gods” (48), “horror” (48). Their use can be attributed to the author’s desire to create a sense of "cosmic fear", to highlight the themes of ancient and hidden evil with “divine” forces. Functional analysis has shown that repetitions are most often used to highlight the most important elements of the text (pragmatic focus), convey the emotional states of the characters, create an appropriate emotional atmosphere (horror, fear), as well as rhythmic organization and stylistic imitation of religious discourse.Conclusion. Repetition as a stylistic figure is an important technique of pragmatic focusing and a significant element of the H.P. Lovecraft’s writing style, emerging in various structural variations and performing many functions.

Environmental relationship of local terrain and design of architectural environment by example of an individual residential building

The problem of nature protection and, at the same time, the formation of an environmentally friendly architectural space is becoming more and more important at the present time. The natural and climatic factor is a particularly significant element of the compositional and volumetric-spatial solution of individual buildings in the natural environment. The article examines the role of the local terrain in the design of an individual eco-friendly residential building.

Sovereign-Making and Biblical Covenants in On the Citizen

In On the Citizen, Hobbes describes two kinds of covenants. The first are covenants among human beings, most importantly sovereign-making covenants. The second are the major biblical covenants. Hobbes follows the traditional interpretation of biblical covenants, according to which God is a party to them with Abraham, the Israelites at Mt. Sinai, and all humanity. His political theory had the resources to give a single account of both kinds of covenants. He could have said that God accepted the transfer of rights from humans. So, he could have given a unified account of covenants. He does not say why or discuss any relationship that may exist between the two kinds. A significant element common to ordinary sovereign-making covenants and the central biblical ones is faith.

Rethinking hell from a classical Pentecostal perspective

The traditional view of hell as everlasting punishment for sinners remains a significant element of classical Pentecostal proclamation. However, the issue of hell has become contentious in contemporary times, for several ethical reasons, leading to the development of alternative ways in which hell is interpreted. On the one hand some argue for terminal punishment or conditional immortality, on the other hand for a universalism where all are saved. It is argued that to end the stalemate when “proof-texts” are used to justify one position, Pentecostals should utilise their distinctive hermeneutic to reconsider the view of hell because of the ethical challenges of their traditional view. In encountering the Spirit in the biblical text, the reader learns to reflect Christ’s interest in and concern for non-believers.

QURANIC VALUES ON THE JAMIK MOSQUE ARCHITECTURE IN SUMENEP

The mosque is a significant element in Islamic architecture that primarily constructs the presence and doctrine of Islam. On the other hand, it has a substantial role in developing Islamic civilization from time to time. It was able to convey and preach the teachings of Islam from the Qur'an through the parts of the building. One of the mosques that represent these criteria is the Sumenep Jamik Mosque. This paper aims to explore Quranic values in the architecture of the Jamik Mosque. The research method used in this study is a qualitative descriptive method. The author describes empirical data related to the architecture of the Jamik Mosque. The approach used in this study is historical-philosophical. The research indicates that the Jamik Mosque construction was adopted and inspired by the values of the Qur'an. Empirical facts about aspects of the Qur'an in the architecture of the Jamik Mosque can be found in the building parts, including; mosque building, mihrab, calligraphy as mosque decoration, the grandeur of the gate (gapura), garden, overlapping roof, tower, pillar, place of ablution, and pavilion (pendopo). Based on this phenomenon, it can be concluded that the architecture displayed by the Jamik Mosque is inseparable from the values of the Quran and Islamic ideological doctrines.

Directed closure coefficient and its patterns

The triangle structure, being a fundamental and significant element, underlies many theories and techniques in studying complex networks. The formation of triangles is typically measured by the clustering coefficient, in which the focal node is the centre-node in an open triad. In contrast, the recently proposed closure coefficient measures triangle formation from an end-node perspective and has been proven to be a useful feature in network analysis. Here, we extend it by proposing the directed closure coefficient that measures the formation of directed triangles. By distinguishing the direction of the closing edge in building triangles, we further introduce the source closure coefficient and the target closure coefficient. Then, by categorising particular types of directed triangles (e.g., head-of-path), we propose four closure patterns. Through multiple experiments on 24 directed networks from six domains, we demonstrate that at network-level, the four closure patterns are distinctive features in classifying network types, while at node-level, adding the source and target closure coefficients leads to significant improvement in link prediction task in most types of directed networks.

‘Hong Kong can afford a typhoon or two’: British discussions of revolving storms

This article examines the way in which the British press reported on typhoons that affected Hong Kong during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Typhoons were a significant element in the narration of the British Empire, featuring frequently in British accounts of their involvements in the Far East, where Hong Kong was its only colony. I suggest that these accounts need to be considered alongside the consolidation of the ‘tropics’ as a region in British perceptions, and in doing so, this article opens discussions of the study of tropicality to the consideration not just of climate, but also of the significance of singular weather events. This article argues that the cultural representations of typhoons in the British press were a tool of ‘othering’. In particular, there were two significant shifts around the 1880s in these reports. First, the term ‘typhoon’ became tied to these types of storms that affected Hong Kong. Second, the stories that were told about typhoon events emphasized British heroism and colonial management. Both these shifts in reporting stripped away the weather wisdom that British sailors had earlier identified in the local population.