Degree of enclosure preferred by sows around farrowing

1989 ◽  
Vol 1989 ◽  
pp. 88-88
Author(s):  
K Hunt ◽  
A M Petchey
Keyword(s):  
Heat Source ◽  
Production Process ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Environmental Preferences ◽  
Freedom Of Movement ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Piglet Mortality ◽  
A Site ◽  
Late Stages ◽  
Good Access

Farrowing accommodation is currently provided by different variants, or designs, of the farrowing crate. The farrowing crate, which is intended to reduce piglet mortality and give the piglets good access to the sow, severely restricts her movement and activity. The welfare codes (Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, 1983) recommend that pigs should have ‘freedom of movement’ and ‘opportunity to exercise most normal patterns of behaviour’. There is, therefore, a need to develop farrowing facilities which allow the sows freedom of movement and permit greater activity but which also maintain or improve economic performance.A sow which is permitted greater freedom of movement in the late stages of pregnancy would, within the pen, determine her own farrowing site. This benign approach cannot easily be reconciled to the production process which seeks to reduce uncertainty and maximise the use of resources. In this instance, the provision (creep, heat source) made for the litter. Thus it is important to be able to identify the sows’ preference for such a site and to identify features which attract the sow. This study examined some of the structural and environmental preferences for a farrowing site of sows and gilts, and examined behaviour at their chosen site.

The effects of sow maternal behaviour on piglet mortality in an open farrowing system

1996 ◽  
Vol 1996 ◽  
pp. 196-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.N. Marchant ◽  
D.M. Broom ◽  
S. Corning
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Behaviour ◽  
Freedom Of Movement ◽  
Welfare Benefits ◽  
Potential Risks ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Piglet Mortality

Community lactating systems offer a number of potential welfare benefits to the sow and her litter. However, giving the sow greater freedom of movement and choice of environments also has potential risks. With less restriction, the maternal qualities of the sow will have a greater influence on the survival and growth of her litter. The objectives of this experiment were to determine what behaviours of the sow influenced piglet mortality in an open communal farrowing system

scholarly journals Nuclear’s Model T

2009 ◽  
Vol 131 (07) ◽  
pp. 36-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig F. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Economic Performance ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Nuclear Energy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economy Of Scale ◽  
Energy Projects ◽  
Alternative Sources ◽  
A Site ◽  
Central Station ◽  
Broad Interest

This article discusses that the future of nuclear energy could lie in plants that can be factory built, shipped to a site, and operated 30 years without refueling. The scope and timing •of the “nuclear renaissance,” however, remain somewhat uncertain. All that is known is that in countries around the globe, including the United States, significant numbers of new nuclear energy projects are under way or in various stages of planning, and this activity represents a departure from that of recent decades. The broad interest in developing new small reactor system concepts seems to be in conflict with the trend toward ever-larger central station power plants, which is driven by the principle of economy of scale. The Secure Transportable Autonomous Reactor (STAR) concept and the Small Secure Transportable Autonomous Reactor (SSTAR) reactor in particular provide good examples of additional design features that could make the introduction of such reactors more readily accepted while offering the potential for economic performance that makes sense in comparison to other alternative sources of energy.

scholarly journals ON THE ISSUE OF BALANCING OF REGIONAL RESOURCES REPRODUCTION AND USAGE

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (32) ◽  
pp. 47-55
Author(s):  
A.A. Salemgareev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Production Process ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Regional Production ◽  
Fixed Assets ◽  
Usage Efficiency ◽  
Regional Resources

The article deals with the features of reproduction and usage efficiency of the main resources of the economy at the regional level – natural, labor and production. The phases of their use in the regional production process, the characteristics of their reproduction, ways to assess of their usage effectiveness are considered. The author schematically presents the system of regional resources usage from the point of view of the regional production process, disclosed trends in the balance of reproduction and use of resources on the example of fixed assets in the Bashkortostan Republic

scholarly journals PENERAPAN LINEAR PROGRAMMING DALAM PENENTUAN KOMBINASI PRODUK GUNA MEMAKSIMALKAN LABA PADA UD PUTERA SROEDJI JEMBER

BISMA ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 300
Author(s):  
Lutfi Hakim ◽  
Hadi Paramu ◽  
Eka Bambang Gusminto
Keyword(s):  
Linear Programming ◽  
Production Process ◽  
Limited Resources ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Maximum Profit

Abstract: The purpose of this study is to analyze the constraints and the optimalproduct combinations in the production process to obtain maximum profit at UDPutera Sroedji. UD Putera Sroedji is one of the trading companies selling packagedrice that consisted of the 2.5 kg, 5 kg, and 25 kg packaging. In its productionprocess, the company experienced the problem or constraints regarding the lessoptimal use of resources to reach maximum profit. Linear programming can beused to allocate the limited resources in the production process in order to obtainmaximum profit. This research used forecasting and linear programming methodsto determine the optimal product combination at UD Putera Sroedji. Resultsshowed that UD Putera Sroedji should produce 200 units of 2.5 kg packaged rice,600 units of 5 kg packaged rice, and 148 units of 25 kg packaged rice in order toachieve a maximum profit of Rp 7,960,977 per month.Keywords: packaged rice, maximum profit, linear programming, and simplexmethod.Abstrak: Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis kendal-kendala(constraints) dan kombinasi produk yang optimal dalam proses produksi untukmemperoleh laba atau keuntungan maksimal pada UD Putera Sroedji. UD PuteraSroedji merupakan salah satu perusahaan dagang yang bergerak dalamperdagangan beras kemasan, dalam kemasan 2,5 kg, 5 kg, dan 25 kg. Dalamproses produksinya, perusahaan menghadapi beberapa masalah atau kendalayang berhubungan dengan penggunaan sumber daya yang belum optimalsehingga laba yang didapatkan belum maksimal. Linear programming dapatdigunakan untuk mengalokasikan sumber daya yang terbatas untuk memperolehlaba maksimal. Metode analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalahforecasting dan linear programming untuk menentukan kombinasi produk yangoptimal. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa UD Putera Sroedji harus memproduksi200 unit beras kemasan 2,5 kg; 600 unit beras kemasan 5 kg; dan 148 unit beraskemasan 25 kg untuk mendapatkan laba maksimal sebesar Rp 7.960.977 perbulan.Kata Kunci: beras kemasan, laba maksimal, linear programming, metodesimpleks.

scholarly journals eEF3 promotes late stages of tRNA translocation on the ribosome

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Namit Ranjan ◽  
Agnieszka A. Pochopien ◽  
Colin Chih-Chien Wu ◽  
Bertrand Beckert ◽  
Sandra Blanchet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Translation Elongation ◽  
Elongation Cycle ◽  
Trna Translocation ◽  
A Site ◽  
Late Stages ◽  
Structural Insights ◽  
Trna Binding

SummaryIn addition to the conserved translation elongation factors eEF1A and eEF2, fungi require a third essential elongation factor, eEF3. While eEF3 has been implicated in tRNA binding and release at the A and E sites, its exact mechanism of action is unclear. Here we show that eEF3 acts at the mRNA–tRNA translocation step by promoting the dissociation of the tRNA from the E site, but independent of aminoacyl-tRNA recruitment to the A site. Depletion of eEF3 in vivo leads to a general slow-down in translation elongation due to accumulation of ribosomes with an occupied A site. Cryo-EM analysis of ex vivo eEF3-ribosome complexes shows that eEF3 facilitates late steps of translocation by favoring non-rotated ribosomal states as well as by opening the L1 stalk to release the E-site tRNA. Additionally, our analysis provides structural insights into novel translation elongation states, enabling presentation of a revised yeast translation elongation cycle.

scholarly journals Planning Educational Services

1972 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred White ◽  
Luther Tweeten
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Production Process ◽  
School System ◽  
Educational Services ◽  
Price Mechanism ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Efficiency Gains ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Increase Efficiency

A school system can be visualized as a firm utilizing capital and labor to produce its output. It must compete with other firms in purchasing its inputs. It is broadly concerned with efficient use of resources to produce its product. However, there is no well-defined product nor a price that can be attached to its product, and most of its product is not directly sold. Users (students) exert little pressure to increase efficiency, not only because they lack mature judgment and are unaware of input-output relationships (often inputs as well as outputs are ill-defined and uncertain), but also because efficiency gains are not passed to users. Furthermore, factors outside the school system influence output throughout the long production process. Even if the price mechanism does not work, economic principles can still be used in education to improve decision making.

The effects of sow maternal behaviour on piglet mortality in an open farrowing system

1996 ◽  
Vol 1996 ◽  
pp. 196-196
Author(s):  
J.N. Marchant ◽  
D.M. Broom ◽  
S. Corning
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Behaviour ◽  
Freedom Of Movement ◽  
Welfare Benefits ◽  
Potential Risks ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Piglet Mortality

Community lactating systems offer a number of potential welfare benefits to the sow and her litter. However, giving the sow greater freedom of movement and choice of environments also has potential risks. With less restriction, the maternal qualities of the sow will have a greater influence on the survival and growth of her litter. The objectives of this experiment were to determine what behaviours of the sow influenced piglet mortality in an open communal farrowing system

scholarly journals Top-down processes in object identification: evidence from experimental psychology, neuropsychology and functional anatomy

1997 ◽  
Vol 352 (1358) ◽  
pp. 1275-1282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glyn W. Humphreys ◽  
M. Jane Riddoch ◽  
Cathy J. Price
Keyword(s):  
Visual Processing ◽  
Functional Anatomy ◽  
Semantic Knowledge ◽  
Object Identification ◽  
Subsequent Stage ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Current Feedback ◽  
Late Stages ◽  
Increased Activity ◽  
Good Access

Many models of object identification are bottom–up and serial in nature; processing at a first stage needs to be complete before it is passed on to a subsequent stage, and there is no top–down feedback from the later to the earlier stages. However, data on picture identification in normal observers contradict a strict serial account of processing, since effects of variables on early and late stages of object identification combine in an interactive rather than an additive manner. Recent neuropsychological and functional anatomical data also indicate that object identification involves top–down activation of earlier stages of visual processing. In neuropsychological patients, subtle perceptual deficits can produce naming problems, even when there is good access to associated semantic knowledge; in functional activation studies, there is increased activity in visual processing areas when conditions require object naming relative to object recognition. These studies provide evidence that increased visual processing occurs in identification tasks, suggesting that there is re–current feedback during the identification process.

scholarly journals “The very environment militates against denial”

Ethnologies ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-217
Author(s):  
Ian Brodie
Keyword(s):  
Direct Control ◽  
Freedom Of Movement ◽  
A Site

In this article the author reflects on the objects brought into his father’s hospice room in the last eight weeks of his life. Objects and their placement were continually renegotiated as he moved through various stages of his disease — greater and lesser pain, appetite, freedom of movement, and lucidity, and shifting timeframes for his imminent passing. The author’s father had no direct control over the presence or absence of objects, and little control over their placement, so that the room became a site of polite contestation among the various parties helping him in his final days.

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