The effect of using fibrous feeds as nutrient diluents on the carcass quality and performance of finishing pigs fed ad libitum

1992 ◽  
Vol 1992 ◽  
pp. 10-10
Author(s):  
B P Gill ◽  
A G Taylor ◽  
B Hardy ◽  
J G Perrott
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Sugar Beet Pulp ◽  
Eating Quality ◽  
Carcass Quality ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Meat Eating ◽  
Beet Pulp ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
And Performance

Satisfactory levels of performance and improved carcass and meat eating quality in growing pigs fed high levels of sugar beet pulp (SBP) have been recently demonstrated by Kay et al. (1990) and Longland et al. (1991). One of the main advantages from feeding SBP was a reduction in carcass fatness and increased returns from improved grading. The objective of this work was to determine whether these benefits could be sustained to heavier finishing weights and to compare differences in the response to SBP as a source of readily fermentable non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) and to oat feed (OF), a cereal by-product high in insoluble NSP, which is less easily degraded.

The effects of nutrition on reproductive performance, lactation and carcass quality of once bred gilts

1995 ◽  
Vol 1995 ◽  
pp. 178-178
Author(s):  
A H Stewart ◽  
S A Edwards ◽  
V R Fowler
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Reproductive Physiology ◽  
Sugar Beet Pulp ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Carcass Quality ◽  
Beet Pulp ◽  
Ad Libitum

The once bred gilt system of production has a number of benefits in terms of feed efficiency and welfare, however the system relies on the production of a quality carcass and acceptable reproductive performance. Previous studies have indicated that welfare might be improved if gilts were ad-libitum fed a diet containing 60% Sugar beet pulp (Stewart et al 1993). There was a suggestion however that reproductive physiology may be put at risk using such a diet. The objective of this experiment was to identify differences in reproductive performance using two different energy sources in gestation and to manipulate nutrition during lactation to study the effect on carcass quality.

Influence of dietary fibre on digestive utilization and rate of passage in growing pigs, finishing pigs and adult sows

2002 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 503-515 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.Le Goff ◽  
J. van Milgen ◽  
J. Noblet
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Dietary Fibre ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Compartment Model ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Sugar Beet Pulp ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Beet Pulp ◽  
The Difference

AbstractFour experimental diets differing in the level and the origin of dietary fibre (DF) were studied: a control, low DF diet (diet C, 100 g total dietary fibre (TDF) per kg dry matter (DM)) and three fibre-rich diets (200 g TDF per kg DM) which corresponded to a combination of diet C and maize bran (diet MB), or wheat bran (diet WB), or sugar-beet pulp (diet SBP). During two successive experimental periods, each diet was offered to five pigs at a growing stage (35 kg body weight (BW)) and at a finishing stage (75 kg BW). In addition, four adult ovariectomized sows received successively one of the four diets according to a 4 ✕ 4 Latin-square design. Digestive utilization of energy and nutrients of diets and rate of passage parameters were determined using a pulse dose of ytterbium oxide followed by total faecal collection. Faecal marker excretion was quantified using an age-dependent, one-compartment model, from which the mean retention time in the gastrointestinal tract of pigs (MRT) was obtained. The digestibility of dietary energy and nutrients, especially the DF fraction, increased with the increase in BW from growing to finishing pigs (P < 0.01) and was still higher in adult sows; the difference between pig stages was more pronounced for diet MB. At each stage, the digestibility of energy or nutrients was lower (P < 0.01) for diets MB or WB than for diet SBP. Accordingly, the energy and DF digestibility of sugar-beet pulp was higher and increased much less with BW. The MRT was shorter for diets MB and WB in growing pigs and in sows. Sows had a longer MRT (81 h) than finishing pigs (37 h) and growing pigs (33 h); however, MRT was highly variable between sows. It is concluded that the degree to which different types of DF are digested depends, in part, on the botanical origin, and it may be improved by a longer MRT in the gastrointestinal tract of pigs. Some fibrous foodstuffs (such as maize-by products) will benefit more from a longer MRT than others.

The effects of nutrition on reproductive performance, lactation and carcass quality of once bred gilts

1995 ◽  
Vol 1995 ◽  
pp. 178-178
Author(s):  
A H Stewart ◽  
S A Edwards ◽  
V R Fowler
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Reproductive Physiology ◽  
Sugar Beet Pulp ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Carcass Quality ◽  
Beet Pulp ◽  
Ad Libitum

The once bred gilt system of production has a number of benefits in terms of feed efficiency and welfare, however the system relies on the production of a quality carcass and acceptable reproductive performance. Previous studies have indicated that welfare might be improved if gilts were ad-libitum fed a diet containing 60% Sugar beet pulp (Stewart et al 1993). There was a suggestion however that reproductive physiology may be put at risk using such a diet. The objective of this experiment was to identify differences in reproductive performance using two different energy sources in gestation and to manipulate nutrition during lactation to study the effect on carcass quality.

Intake and performance of growing pigs fed diets containing 0, 150, 300 or 450 g/kg molassed or plain sugar beet pulp

1989 ◽  
Vol 1989 ◽  
pp. 32-32
Author(s):  
J. C. Bulman ◽  
A. C. Longland ◽  
A. G. Low ◽  
H. D. Keal ◽  
J. I. Harland
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Sugar Beet Pulp ◽  
Cereal Grains ◽  
Initial Weight ◽  
Large White ◽  
Beet Pulp ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Entire Male

The energy value of feedstuffs with a high content of non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) has rarely been measured accurately. The aim of this study was to measure the intake, performance and carcass characteristics of growing pigs given 0, 150, 300 or 450 g plain (P) or molassed (M) sugar beet pulp per kg diet (using substitution for barley). This NSP source was chosen because it is known to be highly digestible by pigs (Longland et al., 1988) and because it is widely available. This work forms part of our programme to evaluate fibrous feeds which may be useful, without or with modification, as alternatives to cereal grains.Each diet was given to twelve Large White x Landrace pigs. Equal numbers of entire male and female pigs were given each diet. Their initial weight was 18 kg and the pigs were killed two days after their weight exceeded 77.5 kg. The pigs were kept Individually, without straw, at a temperature of 20 ± 3°C.

Influence of type and dietary rate of inclusion of non-starch polysaccharides on skatole content and meat quality of finishing pigs

1999 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Wiseman ◽  
M. S. Redshaw ◽  
S. Jagger ◽  
G. R. Nute ◽  
F. W. Whittington ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Quality Characteristics ◽  
Sugar Beet Pulp ◽  
Eating Quality ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Nutrient Intakes ◽  
Beet Pulp ◽  
Hind Gut

AbstractThe effect of feeding different sources of dietary fibre at varying rates of inclusion on the concentrations of skatole and indole in the backfat of finishing pigs and their subsequent carcass quality was studied. Sugar-beet pulp (SBP) and straw (S) were selected because of their assumed widely differing hind-gut fermentability characteristics. They were individually and in combination added to a diet at three rates of inclusion designed to provide concentrations of 40, 80 and 120 g non-starch polysaccharide (NSP) per kg. The digestible energy (DE) contents varied between the three levels of inclusion of NSP but were formulated to a lysine: energy ratio of 0.625 g: MJ DE with other amino acids being in the same individual proportion to lysine. The nine experimental diets were offered to 10 replicate (five entire males and five females) pigs of initial live weight 55 kg. Food intakes were adjusted between treatment to ensure that energy and nutrient intakes were common. Animals were slaughtered on reaching 85 kg live weight. Adipose tissue was analysed for skatole and indole and meat quality characteristics assessed. No significant differences in performance were detected although carcasses from animals given sugar-beet pulp were significantly fatter. There were significant correlations between the level of skatole in the backfat and the following eating quality characteristics: skatole odour intensity of the fat, abnormal odour intensity of fat, abnormal odour intensity of lean and abnormal flavour intensity of lean with correlations coefficients of 0·656 , 0·709 , 0·496 and 0·523 respectively (coefficients >0.276; P < 0·05). The range in skatole levels in the backfat were attributable substantially to very high levels found in three boars. No significant correlations were found between indole concentrations in the backfat and eating quality characteristics. However no effects of dietary NSP type or inclusion level on the eating quality characteristics of pig meat, with pigs given diets on the basis of equal energy and nutrient intakes, were detected.

The digestion of non-starch polysaccharides from diets containing plain sugar beet pulp by piglets, growing pigs and sows

1991 ◽  
Vol 1991 ◽  
pp. 124-124
Author(s):  
A.C. Longland ◽  
A.G Low ◽  
W.H. Close ◽  
C.E. Sharpe ◽  
J.C. Carruthers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Sugar Beet Pulp ◽  
Gut Microflora ◽  
Beet Pulp

Recent studies have shown that piglets, growing pigs and sows can perform well on diets containing substantial proportions of plain sugar beet pulp (SBP) (Bulman et al., 1989; Low et al., 1990; Close et al., 1990). SBP contains c. 600 g non-starch polysaccharides (NSP)/kg which, unlike starch, cannot be digested by the hosts’ enzymes but must be fermented by the gut microflora to yield VFA for subsequent use as an energy source by the animal.The objective of this study was to determine the degree to which 32-day-old piglets, growing pigs of various ages, and mature sows can ferment the NSP content of diets containing varying proportions of SBP.

Effects of growing pig diets containing 0, 150, 300 or 450 g molassed sugar beet feed/kg on carcass and meat eating quality

1991 ◽  
Vol 1991 ◽  
pp. 5-5
Author(s):  
A.C. Longland ◽  
J.D. Wood ◽  
M. Enser ◽  
J.C. Carruthers ◽  
H.D. Keal
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Eating Quality ◽  
Similar Extent ◽  
Fermentation Products ◽  
Meat Eating ◽  
Growing Pig ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Effect Of Feeding

Recent studies have shown that growing pigs can perform as well on diets containing up to 300 g/kg molassed sugar beet feed (SBF), (SBF substituted for cereals) as control pigs fed a conventional cereal-based diet (Bulman et al., 1989). SBF contains high levels of non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) but little or no starch. SBF NSP, unlike that of cereals, is almost totally fermented by growing pigs, the fermentation products being used to sustain growth to a similar extent as products obtained from the breakdown of cereals, when fed at levels up to 300 g/kg. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of feeding growing pigs diets containing increasing levels of NSP i.e. 0, 150, 300 or 450 g SBF/kg, on subsequent carcass and meat eating quality. The effects on meat flavour were of particular interest since reports have suggested that high levels of fermentation may result in high concentrations of skatole and tissues which would result in taint.

Tests of two theories of food intake using growing pigs 2. The effect of a period of reduced growth rate on the subsequent intake of foods of differing bulk content

2001 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 361-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.C. Whittemore ◽  
G.C. Emmans ◽  
B.J. Tolkamp ◽  
I. Kyriazakis
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Sugar Beet Pulp ◽  
Beet Pulp ◽  
Bulk Content ◽  
High Bulk ◽  
Subsequent Intake

AbstractThe effect of a period of feeding on a high bulk food, upon the subsequent intake of foods of differing bulk content, was investigated in two experiments of the same design. The intention was to provide a severe test of the two current conceptual frameworks available for the prediction and understanding of food intake. In each experiment 40 male Manor Meishan pigs were randomly allocated to one of four treatment groups at weaning. Each experiment was split into two periods, P1 (12 to 18 kg) and P2 (18 to 32 kg). The treatments, all with ad libitum feeding, were: a control food (C) given throughout (treatment CC); a medium bulk food (M) given throughout (treatment MM); a high bulk food (H) given in P1 and then C in P2 (treatment HC); H given in P1 and M in P2 (treatment HM). C was based on micronized wheat with 13·4 MJ digestible energy and 243 g crude protein per kg fresh food. In experiment 1 M contained 350 g/kg and H 560 g/kg of unmolassed sugar-beet pulp and in experiment 2 M contained 500 g/kg and H 700 g/kg of unmolassed sugar-beet pulp. Framework 1 predicted that food intake on the medium bulk food (M) would not be increased, whereas framework 2 predicted that intake on M would be increased after a period of feeding on H, compared with when M was offered continuously.In P1, both food intake (P < 0·01) and growth (P < 0·001) were severely limited on H compared with C. In experiment 1 growth was limited on M compared with C during the first 7 days of P1 (P < 0·01) only. In experiment 2 intake (P < 0·001) and growth (P < 0·001) on M were limited throughout P1, compared with C but not thereafter. Therefore, in neither experiment did M cause a lower growth rate than C from 18 to 32 kg. In experiment 1 there was full adaptation to M after about 10 days from 12 kg. In experiment 2 adaptation was complete by the end of the first 7 days from 18 kg.In P2, food intake (P < 0·001) and live-weight gain (P < 0·05 and P < 0·001 in experiments 1 and 2, respectively) were increased on HC compared with CC. By the last 7 days of P2 intake was still higher (P < 0·01) but growth rate was no longer different to CC. Intake and gain were increased in P2 on HM compared with MM but, in general, these differences were small and not significant. In the first 7 days of P2, in experiment 1 pigs on HM had higher intakes (P < 0·001) and gains (P < 0·05) than those on MM, but in experiment 2 only intake was higher (P < 0·01) with no difference in gain. By the last 7 days of P2 there was no difference in either intake or gain between these two groups in either experiment. Pigs on HC increased intake by more than those on HM. There was, therefore, a significant interaction for food intake (P < 0·05, in experiment 1 and P < 0·001, in experiment 2) between prior and present food.The unexpected failure of either M food to limit growth throughout the experimental period meant that the results of these experiments could not be used as a strong test to reject either one of the frameworks. However, the ability of the pigs to compensate on M was less than that on C. The data provide some evidence that under conditions of compensation foods such as M may be limiting. This is in closer agreement with the framework that predicted that consumption of a limiting food will not increase after a period of feeding on a high bulk food (framework 1).

The role of the large intestine in the utilization of feeds containing non-starch polysaccharides

1991 ◽  
Vol 1991 ◽  
pp. 134-134
Author(s):  
A.C. Longland ◽  
W.H. Close ◽  
A.G. Low
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Sugar Beet Pulp ◽  
Gut Microflora ◽  
End Products ◽  
Beet Pulp ◽  
Hind Gut ◽  
Small And Large Intestine

The utilization of diets high in fibre (defined here as non-starch polysaccharide - NSP) is dependent on the extent to which the NSP is fermented by the gut microflora, and the subsequent utilization by the animal of the end-products of fermentation - the VFAs. It has frequently been assumed that fermentation of NSP in the pig occurs almost exclusively in the hind-gut. However, a number of studies using pigs fitted with ileal-cannulas have suggested that some fermentation of NSP may occur prior to the hind-gut (e.g. Graham et al., 1985). The aim of this study was to determine the relative roles of the small and large intestine in a) the digestion of feeds containing non-starch polysaccharides, and b) the subsequent utilization of energy by growing pigs. This was achieved by comparing the abilities of intact or ileo-rectomised pigs to digest and grow on cereal-based diets containing 0 or 300 g/kg sugar beet pulp.

Digestion of unmolassed sugar-beet pulp in young growing pigs and implications for the growth-supporting values of fermented energy

1990 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 531-539 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Q. Zhu ◽  
V. R. Fowler ◽  
M. F. Fuller
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Sugar Beet Pulp ◽  
Beet Pulp ◽  
Maintenance Energy Requirement ◽  
Growth Trial ◽  
Gut Fermentation ◽  
Endogenous Enzymes

ABSTRACTExperiments involving both digestion and growth trials were undertaken to compare the responses of pigs to two increments of digested energy resulting either from gut fermentation or from digestion by endogenous enzymes in the small intestine. Unmolassed sugar-beet pulp (SBP) and maize starch (MS) were selected as model materials for these two systems. A control diet was formulated to fulfil the needs of pigs for all essential nutrients apart from energy. This diet was offered according to a scale set at about twice the maintenance energy requirement. The two SBP diets contained 150 and 300 g SBP per kg (SBP15 and SBP30) and the two MS diets 100 and 200 g MS per kg (MS10 and MS20). Sixty observations were made with 10 female and 20 male growing pigs to provide information on digestion. The results showed that the energy in SBP and MS had an apparent digestibility of 0·74 and 0·98 respectively (s.e.d. 0025). The neutral-detergent fibre fraction of SBP had a digestibility of 0·81 (s.e. 0·055). Forty pigs (20 male and 20 female) were involved in the growth trial. The responses of pigs to increments of different digestible energy (DE) were measured in terms of daily carcass-weight gain. The results gave values of 435, 478, 527, 511 and 567 (s.e.d. 17·3) g/day for the control, SBP15, SBP30, MS 10 and MS20 treatments respectively. These results suggest that the apparent DE of SBP is used for carcass growth with an efficiency of 0·57 (s.e. 0·012) relative to the DE from MS.

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