scholarly journals CANADIAN ASSOCIATION OF NEUROSCIENCE REVIEW: Development and Plasticity of the Auditory Cortex

2003 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 189-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Yan
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Auditory Cortex ◽  
Critical Period ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Canadian Association ◽  
Developmental Feature ◽  
Functional Areas ◽  
Cholinergic Projection

ABSTRACT:The functions of the cerebral cortex are predominantly established during the critical period of development. One obvious developmental feature is its division into different functional areas that systematically represent different environmental information. This is the result of interactions between intrinsic (genetic) factors and extrinsic (environmental) factors. Following this critical period, the cerebral cortex attains its adult form but it will continue to adapt to environmental changes. Thus, the cerebral cortex is constantly adapting to the environment (plasticity) from its embryonic stages to the last minute of life. This review details important factors that contribute to the development and plasticity of the auditory cortex. The instructive role of thalamocortical innervation, the regulatory role of cholinergic projection of the basal forebrain and the potential role of the corticofugal modulation are presented.

The potential role of ozone in ameliorating the age-related biochemical changes in male rat cerebral cortex

2012 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 565-581 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nagwa Ibrahim Shehata ◽  
Hanan Mohamed Abd-Elgawad ◽  
Mohamed Nabil Mawsouf ◽  
Amira Abd-Elmonem Shaheen
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Biochemical Changes ◽  
Rat Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Male Rat ◽  
Age Related

scholarly journals Complex intrachromosomal rearrangement in 1q leading to 1q32.2 microdeletion: a potential role of SRGAP2 in the gyrification of cerebral cortex

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Rincic ◽  
Milan Rados ◽  
Zeljka Krsnik ◽  
Kristina Gotovac ◽  
Fran Borovecki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Intrachromosomal Rearrangement

scholarly journals Reduced Oxygen as an Environmental Pressure in the Evolution of the Blind Mexican Cavefish

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Tyler Boggs ◽  
Joshua Gross
Keyword(s):  
Potential Role ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Environmental Stressors ◽  
Environmental Features ◽  
Extreme Phenotypes ◽  
Lower Oxygen ◽  
Surface Dwelling ◽  
Subterranean Environment ◽  
Limited Oxygen

Extreme environmental features can drive the evolution of extreme phenotypes. Over the course of evolution, certain environmental changes may be so drastic that they lead to extinction. Conversely, if an organism adapts to harsh environmental changes, the adaptations may permit expansion of a novel niche. The interaction between environmental stressors and adaptive changes is well-illustrated by the blind Mexican cavefish, Astyanaxmexicanus, which has recurrently adapted to the stark subterranean environment. The transition from terrestrial rivers and streams (occupied by extant surface morphs of the same species) to the cave has been accompanied by the resorption of eyes, diminished pigmentation and reduced metabolism in cave-dwelling morphs. The principal features of caves most often associated with evolution of these common cave features are the absence of light and limited nutrition. However, a putatively essential cave feature that has received less attention is the frequently low concentration of oxygen within natural karst environments. Here, we review the potential role of limited oxygen as a critical environmental feature of caves in the Sierra de El Abra. Additionally, we review evidence that Astyanax cavefish may have evolved adaptive features enabling them to thrive in lower oxygen compared to their surface-dwelling counterparts.

Incorporating Pharmacogenomics into Practice

2007 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 277-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vicki L. Ellingrod ◽  
Jessica Moline
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Critical Period ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Pharmacy Practice ◽  
Genome Project ◽  
Therapeutic Drug ◽  
Pharmacokinetics And Pharmacodynamics ◽  
The Human Genome Project

The goal for this issue of the Journal of Pharmacy Practice is to provide an overview of pharmacogenomics and highlight research done in select therapeutic areas such as oncology, psychiatry, cardiology, and HIV, although pharmacogenomics is taking center stage in other therapeutic areas as well. At the root of all pharmacogenomic investigations is pharmacy, which is why it is so important for pharmacists to gain an understanding of this field and clinical applications of this science, particularly as it relates to their practice and their patients. Pharmacists are experts in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, and they therefore represent ideal health care professionals for incorporating pharmacogenomics into therapeutic drug monitoring. We are currently in a critical period of time in which pharmacists need to become engaged in the decision-making process regarding how best to implement pharmacogenomics into clinical practice. As part of this chapter, we will outline the role of the Human Genome Project and the Food and Drug Administration, both of which are instrumental to the advancement of pharmacogenomics. Lastly, we will be summarizing some of the barriers we still face regarding clinical applicability of this science and the potential role of genetic counselors in the incorporation of this science into clinical practice.

POPDC proteins and cardiac function

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 1393-1404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Brand
Keyword(s):  
Potential Role ◽  
Striated Muscle ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Effector Proteins ◽  
Muscle Disease ◽  
Disease Genes ◽  
Protein Protein Interaction ◽  
Interaction Partners ◽  
And Function

Abstract The Popeye domain-containing gene family encodes a novel class of cAMP effector proteins in striated muscle tissue. In this short review, we first introduce the protein family and discuss their structure and function with an emphasis on their role in cyclic AMP signalling. Another focus of this review is the recently discovered role of POPDC genes as striated muscle disease genes, which have been associated with cardiac arrhythmia and muscular dystrophy. The pathological phenotypes observed in patients will be compared with phenotypes present in null and knockin mutations in zebrafish and mouse. A number of protein–protein interaction partners have been discovered and the potential role of POPDC proteins to control the subcellular localization and function of these interacting proteins will be discussed. Finally, we outline several areas, where research is urgently needed.

The Effect of Path Length and Display Size on Memory for Spatial Information

2012 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 147-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine Guérard ◽  
Sébastien Tremblay
Keyword(s):  
Path Length ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Recall Performance ◽  
Minor Role ◽  
Length Effect ◽  
Serial Memory ◽  
Fixed Reference ◽  
A Minor

In serial memory for spatial information, some studies showed that recall performance suffers when the distance between successive locations increases relatively to the size of the display in which they are presented (the path length effect; e.g., Parmentier et al., 2005) but not when distance is increased by enlarging the size of the display (e.g., Smyth & Scholey, 1994). In the present study, we examined the effect of varying the absolute and relative distance between to-be-remembered items on memory for spatial information. We manipulated path length using small (15″) and large (64″) screens within the same design. In two experiments, we showed that distance was disruptive mainly when it is varied relatively to a fixed reference frame, though increasing the size of the display also had a small deleterious effect on recall. The insertion of a retention interval did not influence these effects, suggesting that rehearsal plays a minor role in mediating the effects of distance on serial spatial memory. We discuss the potential role of perceptual organization in light of the pattern of results.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document